Intellectual property rights in research and development collaboration/ contract agreements between research institutions, universities and firms: part 2 — Ukraine, New Independent States

Keywords: research and development contracts, research and development collaborationagreements, intellectual property rights, research organisations, universities The practice of regulatingintellectual property issues in R&D cooperation agreements/contracts betweenacademic institutions and companies in Ukraine and other New Independent States(Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia) (NIS) is studied. It is shown the undevelopment ofmodern approaches to the distribution of IP rights in R&D agreements, including thelack of, as a rule, the allocation of Background IP and New IP and payments to academicinstitutions for the use of such IP.The changes in the legislation of Ukraine are substantiated, as well as the need todevelop standard IP provisions for different options for relationships between academicinstitutions and national and foreign companies. The necessity is shown of (a)making changes to Chapter 62 of the Civil Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine“On Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activity”, other legislative acts related to IP inR&D contracts; (b) adoption by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine andthe Ministry of Economy of Ukraine of Recommendations on IP policy in research organizationsand universities; (c) developing, at the level of public authorities or academiesof science, leading academic institutions model IP provisions for R&D agreementsfor various options for relationships with companies; (d) at the state level, promotinga new model of relations between academic institutions and companies, whichstipulates that can receiving by academic institutions significantly more fundsthrough payments in addition to the cost of R&D contract, the license fees for theBackground IP and New IP.

SPECIFICS OF THE FORMING OF THE COMPETENCIES OF THE FUTURE HISTORY TEACHERS

The aim of the article is to define the specifics of formation of future history teachers’ professional competencies. Research competencies are seen among preferential ones, which are to be acquired by higher education applicants of the educational qualification Master in Secondary Education (History). The empirical basis of the research is the results obtained by instructors of the Department during teaching the special courses “History of Stalinism” and “History of New Independent States”. The article highlights methodological techniques and practices, implemented by educationalists in the process of teaching the mentioned special courses, aiming at forming professional competencies of students obtaining Master’s degree. Using the materials of the laboratory “Studying the Soviet Past of the Stalin’s Era” (audio and video recordings of interviews with women from villages in Zhytomyr Region, who were raised in the conditions of the Stalin’s regime) is the peculiarity of the educational process. The focus of attention is the methodology of organization of students’ work with archive sources, scientific literature and narrative texts.

The European Green Deal and Climate Policy of the New Independent States

This article considers the most relevant component of the global environmental problem – the climate one. The article aims to identify the reaction of a national state to the global climate challenge. The subject of consideration is climate policy and, more broadly, the whole set of reactions of the political sphere of society to the global climate change. Among the tasks set by the author is to understand the nature of setting and solving new climatic environmental problems, to find out how they fit into national development strategies, to establish the interdependence of the climate ambitions of countries with the type of development, the carbon intensity of their economies, the structure of exports, the degree of energy independence. The solution of these tasks is carried out on the example of a number of new independent states (including CIS ones). A brief comparative analysis of these countries’ and the EU climate activities is carried out. The breakthrough event of the European environmental policy – the Green Deal of 2019 is taken as a starting point for the analysis. The main attention is paid to the key instrument of the EU climate policy today – the border carbon tax. Additional attention is paid to the observance of the principles of social justice in the implementation of new environmental activities (a just transition mechanism). The paper pays special attention to the role of Russia in the global climatic process. An assessment of the state of the climate segment of the environmental protection industry of our country, as well as the prospects for its development, is given.

Two Turkmens: the father and the son awarded high ranks and awards of Russia and Britain respectively in 1881 and 1918

By reduction and the comparative analysis of the authentic data the inconsistency of the statement of some authors comes to light and, on the contrary, the Turkmens is supported with new data truthful statements of others concerning Dykma-serdar (1825–1882) and his son Orazserdar (1871–1919?) during the different periods of a management of them armed forces, namely during heroic defence of a fortress of Geok-tepe and years of Civil war. Article is supplied by corresponding conclusions and the conclusion, following of all research in which position that in that interval of time the course of historical development of all mankind was on the party of opponents of our heroes is fixed, awarding the first every possible successes and a general victory. Disorder of Soviet Union in 1991 and occurrence on a historical scene of fifteen new independent states has appeared the ending of this victorious procession (since 1885 already with participation before won). Because of this historical event of the world value has appeared not only necessary conditions but also there was a public requirement for objective estimation of activity of Dykma-serdar and his son Oraz-serdar

POPULATION OF KAZAKHSTAN AT THE END OF THE XX CENTURY: ETHNO-DEMOGRAPHIC EVOLUTION AND DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOVEREIGN SYSTEM

The collapse of the USSR and the creation of New Independent States led to a crisis of political, socio-economic, and demographic phenomena in the post-Soviet space. The demographic system of Soviet Kazakhstan was largely based on the European component. The emigration of representatives of the most numerous European Nations, which coincided with a decrease in the natural growth rates of the Kazakhs, led to the fact that the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan began to decline. At the same time, in the 1990s, there was a trend towards the formation of a sovereign demographic system, the defining role in the functioning of which was played by Kazakhs.

OSCE MINSK GROUP AND THE WAYS TO RESOLVE THE UPPER -KARABAKH PROBLEM

In the 90th years XX century conditions of the new world order, after the collapse of the USSR, the formation of new independent states in the post-Soviet space, conflicts appeared (the Ossetia-Ingush conflict, the Chechen war, the Upper-Karabakh war, etc.), which negatively affected the political and economic situation of these countries. Among these conflicts, on its scale, the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict occupies a special place, is not only regional; it can turn into a world conflict at any moment and therefore is explosive.

Community of Independent States as an Organization of Regional Security

The article analyzes the activities of the Commonwealth of Independent States as an organization of regional security. Despite the fact that after the collapse of the Soviet Union about 30 years have passed, the ruling elites of the New Independent States continue to search for their own vectors of foreign and defense policy. The author believes that in the pursuit of the many attributes of independence, these elites still have not defined clear boundaries for themselves where they can sacrifice national sovereignty for the benefit of their own development, but in close cooperation with their neighbors. The CIS, as an umbrella association of the post-Soviet republics, continues to be a platform for dialogue between the leaders of the new generation, not connected by the Soviet past. Their foreign policy is dominated by pragmatism and multivectorness. Therefore, the absence of a rigid managerial dominance in the Commonwealth is for them the key to the success of this regional format. It seems that this means that, using the CIS as a convenient and non-binding stage for communication, the participating states will continue to search for themselves the most profitable areas of cooperation, even if through trial and error. In such a context, the main areas of cooperation will remain the fight against terrorism and organized crime, as well as the use of Russian experience in reflecting new challenges and threats.

MODERN UKRAINE AS A STATE-LIMITROF

The phenomenon of the state of limitrophe became relevant once again after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, when new independent states began to form on the frontiers of Russia. This issue has been researched by domestic scholars, but at this point this still important topic is unfairly overlooked in the political discourse. In this article, the author tries to determine what role limitrophe states play in world politics, as well as how limitrophization affects Ukraine’s foreign and domestic policy

Evolution of public administration in the post-Soviet. Turkmenistan

The article examines the formation of the statehood of modern Turkmenistan through the prism of historical changes that have occurred in the post-Soviet countries. It is noted that after 1991 all former republics of the USSR built new independent states on a fundamentally different basis – interaction between government and society. The authors emphasize that the establishment of trust between the state as an institution and citizens is possible under certain conditions, among which a special place is occupied by a clear organization of civil service and the professionalism of civil servants. The measures that have already been implemented and are being taken by the leadership of Turkmenistan at the present time to solve these problems are considered. It is noted that Turkmenistan acts within the framework and in accordance with the key world-class standards regarding the requirements for the organization of civil service. The measures taken in the country to combat corruption are analyzed.

The choice of the peoples or the choice of elites?

It is known the WWI has drastically altered the map of Central and Eastern Europe. The peoples of the newly formed states had to choose the most optimum way of their social development and political system. The direction of their subsequent historical development substantially depended on the solution of this task. We know that the new independent states of the Central and Eastern Europe made a choice in favor the Western socio-political model. It is represented to analyse an actual scientific problem: how natural and justified there was this choice, and whose choice it was - of the peoples or of the elites? The democratic reforms along Western lines began in the countries of this region. However, the period of democratization and modernization was minimized by a number of reasons such as monarchism, government centralism, tough social control, corporativism, clericalism, commitment to social stability and order, negative attitude to innovations, traditionalism. Nationalism also had negative and destructive impact on the fate of democracy in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The idea of my paper is to show that imperial legacy (in fact, the legacy of agrarian, or traditional, society) and nationalism were the major reasons that have caused the evolution of their political system from democracy to authoritarian dictatorships in the interwar period. Keywords: Central and Eastern Europe, elites, modernization, democratization, nationalism, ethnic minorities, authoritarian dictatorships.