scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF VIRULENCE FACTORS AMONG CLINICAL ISOLATES OF ENTEROCOCCUS SPP.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umadevi Sivaraman ◽  
Ravichandran L ◽  
Pramodhini S ◽  
Srirangaraj S ◽  
Seetha Ks
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Sheep Blood Agar ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Sheep Blood ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Enterococcus Spp

ABSTRACTObjective: To identify some of the virulence factors such as hemolysin, gelatinase, and biofilm production among the clinical isolates of enterococci.Methods: Hemolysin detection using sheep blood agar. Gelatine agar was used for gelatinase production, and tube adherence method was used fordetecting biofilm production.Results: Hemolysin production observed in 49% of isolates, gelatinase production in 41% of isolates, and 46% of isolates were produced biofilm.Conclusion: Virulence factors production was noticed more in Enterococcus faecalis than Enterococcus faecium. It is necessary to find theproduction of important virulence factors among the clinical isolates as they are always associated with virulence of the organism including drugresistance.Keywords: Hemolysin, Gelatinase, Biofilm, Enterococcus.

scholarly journals Comparative Study for the Presence of Enterococcal Virulence Factors Gelatinase, Hemolysin and Biofilm Among Clinical and Commensal Isolates of Enterococcus Faecalis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giridhara Upadhyaya P M. ◽  
Umapathy B L. ◽  
Ravikumar K L.
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Citrullinated Peptide

ABSTRACT Background: Biofilm production, gelatinase and hemolysin are the potential virulence factors of Enterococci. Gelatinase and hemolysin producing strains of Enterococcus faecalis have been shown to cause severe infections in animal models. Biofilm production has been shown to enhance the persistence of E. faecalis in urinary bladder and other medical indwelling devices infections. Aims: To compare the presence of gelatinase, hemolysin and biofilm formation among clinical and commensal isolates and to study the co-relation between virulence factors with respect to different clinical specimens. Settings and Design: During the study period of 2 years from July 2004 to July 2006, 200 clinical isolates from nosocomial infections and 100 commensal isolates of E. faecalis were taken for the study. Materials and Methods: The clinical and commensal isolates were tested for the presence of gelatinase, hemolysin and biofilm and compared. The presence of these virulence factors among different clinical isolates was also studied. Materials and Methods: Viral citrullinated peptide (VCP) and Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA-1) peptide were commercially prepared and antibodies to these were determined in 25 patients of ERA, 40 disease control patients constituting 25 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 7 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 2 scleroderma, 1 spondyloarthritis (SpA), 1 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), 1 osteoarthritis (OA), 1 psoriatic arthritis (PsA), 1 undifferentiated arthritis (UA), and 1 gout and 25 healthy controls (HCs) were taken for comparison. In-house ELISA was established for both the antibodies while cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody was detected by commercial ELISA kit. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square and likelihood ratio analysis were carried out using SSPS version 5.1 software. Results: Results: The clinical isolates produced 39, 16.5 and 32.5% of gelatinase, hemolysin and biofilm, respectively, as compared to 31, 19 and 16% produced by the commensal isolates, respectively. Endotracheal tube infection, urinary tract infection, umbilical catheter tip infected isolates produced 60.8, 86.6 and 100% biofilm, respectively. Conclusion: Significant difference in the production of biofilm (P<0.001) was noted between clinical and commensal isolates. Organism isolated from medically indwelling devices produced high amount of biofilm, confirming its role in colonization and causing nosocomial infections.

Rapid Streptococcal Tests

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-288
Author(s):  
S. DUBOSE RAVENEL ◽  
GREGORY CARL ELLIS ◽  
WILLIAM N. MICHAL
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Sheep Blood Agar ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Practice Setting ◽  
Throat Culture ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Sheep Blood ◽  
Office Practice ◽  
Important Study

Roddey et al have reported an important study on the sensitivity and specificity of the Strep A OIA test compared with two culture techniques—5% sheep blood agar and Todd-Hewitt broth—in an office practice setting. They found the sensitivity and specificity of OIA as compared with sheep blood culture to be 91.4% and 95.6%, and compared with the broth method, 90.4% and 94.1%, respectively. They conclude that the OIA method is preferable for the majority of their patients, but recommend a throat culture be performed in cases with a negative OIA test.

scholarly journals Resistência antimicrobiana em Enterococcus faecalis e Enterococcus faecium isolados de carcaças de frango

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia F. Borges de Campos ◽  
Nara R. Souza ◽  
Patrícia H.C. da Silva ◽  
Ângela P. Santana
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Distrito Federal

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o isolamento e analisar o perfil de resistência antimicrobiana de Enterococcus de carcaças de frango resfriadas e congeladas comercializadas no Distrito Federal, detectando genes de resistência antimicrobiana e identificando as espécies Enterococcus faecalis e Enterococcus faecium por reação polimerase em cadeia. Foram analisadas 100 carcaças de frangos, das quais foram isoladas 50 cepas de Enterococcus spp., sendo 42% de E. faecalis e 2% de E. faecium. O teste de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana demonstrou que todas as cepas isoladas apresentaram resistência a pelo menos um antimicrobiano, dos quais 90,47% das cepas de E. faecalis, 100% das cepas de E. Faecium e 82,14% dos Enterococcus spp. apresentaram resistência à Tetraciclina; 80,95% das cepas de E. faecalis e 35,71% das cepas de Enterococcus spp. foram resistentes à Eritromicina; 39,28% dos Enterococcus spp. e 23,80% dos E. faecalis à Ciprofloxacina e 28,57% dos E. faecalis apresentaram resistência ao Cloranfenicol. Foram detectados os genes de resistência antimicrobiana erm(B), vanC-1, aph(3')-llla, ant(6)-la, vanB, vanA, aac(6')-le-aph(2'')-la, erm(A) e tet(M) - este último mais frequente. Estes resultados sugerem sérios problemas para a Saúde Pública, uma vez que esses microrganismos podem possuir a capacidade de transmitir genes de resistência antimicrobiana para outros microrganismos presentes na microbiota intestinal de humanos e animais, podendo inviabilizar o uso destas drogas para tratamentos clínicos.

scholarly journals Detection of a cfr(B) Variant in German Enterococcus faecium Clinical Isolates and the Impact on Linezolid Resistance in Enterococcus spp.

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e0167042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Bender ◽  
Carola Fleige ◽  
Ingo Klare ◽  
Stefan Fiedler ◽  
Alexander Mischnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Linezolid Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
The Impact

Characterization and antibiogram of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic dogs in South Bengal, India

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Banik ◽  
D. P. Isore ◽  
S. N. Joardar ◽  
K. Batabyal ◽  
S. Dey
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Sheep Blood Agar ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sheep Blood ◽  
Common Serotypes

Diarrhoea in canines is mainly caused by Escherichia coli which can be fatal also. To understand the depth of this infection, a study was undertaken to detect E. coli isolates from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic dogs in Southern part of West Bengal. A total of 112 canine samples were tested during May to September 2012 revealing approx 63.4% (71) samples positive for Escherichia coli. The most common serotypes were O8 (23.9%) followed by O157 (19.7%), O101 (16.9%), O26 (15.5%), O153 (12.7%) and O6 (11.3%). Among these O6, O8, O26 and O157 were highly pathogenic to mice causing almost 100% mortality within 24hrs of inoculation and were also detected to be haemolytic on sheep blood agar plates except serotype O8. These isolates were mostly sensitive to nalidixic acid (80.29%), cotrimoxazole (78.88%), ciprofloxacin (74.65%), colistin and ceftriaxone (both 71.83%) but were resistant to amikacin (97.18%), kanamycin (95.78%), cephalexin (92.96%) and enrofloxacin (84.51%).

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B Resistance Phenotypes in Enterococci

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 3415-3420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hong Min ◽  
Jae-Hee Jeong ◽  
Yun-Jeong Choi ◽  
Hee-Jeong Yun ◽  
Kyungwon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Regulatory Regions ◽  
Disk Test

ABSTRACT We determined the macrolide resistance phenotypes of 241 clinical isolates of erythromycin-resistant enterococci (MICs, ≥1 μg/ml), including 147 Enterococcus faecalis strains and 94 Enterococcus faecium strains, collected from a hospital in Seoul, Korea, between 1999 and 2000. By the erythromycin (40 μg)-josamycin (100 μg) double-disk test, 93 strains were assigned to the constitutive macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance (cMLSB) phenotype, and the remaining 148 strains were assigned to the inducible MLSB resistance (iMLSB) phenotype. Of the strains with the iMLSB phenotype, 36 exhibited a reversibly inducible MLSB (riMLSB) phenotype, i.e., blunting of the erythromycin zone of inhibition, which indicates that the 16-membered-ring macrolide josamycin is a more effective inducer than the 14-membered-ring macrolide erythromycin. Sequence analysis of the regulatory regions of the erm(B) genes from all of the strains exhibiting the riMLSB phenotype revealed not only erm(Bv) [where v represents variant; previously erm(AMR)] (n = 13), as reported previously, but also three kinds of erm(B) variants, which were designated erm(Bv1) (n = 17), erm(Bv2) (n = 3), and erm(Bv3) (n = 3), respectively. In lacZ reporter gene assays of these variants, the 16-membered-ring macrolide tylosin had stronger inducibility than erythromycin at ≥0.1 μg/ml. These findings highlight the versatility of erm(B) in induction specificity.

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