BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF HOSPITALACQUIRED SEPTICEMIA IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTH EAST INDIA

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the bacterial agents responsible for hospital acquired septicaemia and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity profile of the bacterial isolates.Methods: Three hundred fifty hospitalized clinically suspect septicaemia cases were included in this cross sectional observational study during a period of one year. Blood samples were collected with aseptic precautions for culture following universal precautions. Anti-microbial susceptibility test of the bacterial isolates was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, USA) guidelines. Results: Over two-thirds of cultures showed gram positive organism. The most frequently identified Gram positive bacteria were coagulase negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus. Among gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp and Salmonella typhi were isolated. In our study, coagulase negative staphylococci showed maximum resistance to penicillin and erythromycin. Enterobactereciae had maximum sensitivity to carbapenems, tigecycline and aminoglycosides.Conclusion: Gram positive pathogens predominated in the blood stream infections. Résistance to fluoroquinolones, especially in Gram negative bacteria was significantly high. Therefore, rapid microbiological diagnosis and the determinants of antimicrobial susceptibility become relevant for early initiation of antimicrobial therapy.

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Microbiological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacteria in Diabetic Foot Ulcers in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Journal of Advanced Research in Medicine ◽

10.24321/2349.7181.202101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 08 (01) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Gajender Singh Ranga ◽

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Foot ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Sensitivity Pattern

Introduction: Diabetic foot is any foot pathology due to diabetes or sequelae of diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted to identify the common microorganisms isolated from diabetic foot and to analyse the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from diabetic foot. Materials and Method: The study was a hospital based cross-sectional study where 146 foot ulcer samples (who had type 2 diabetes) were analysed. Swabs were collected from the edge and margins of ulcers, and organisms were identified by gram staining culture and biochemical reactions. Result:Out of 146 patients, 69 specimens showed growth of organisms. Total 84 aerobic organisms were isolated and out of them, 64 cases showed bacterial growth, in which 84 bacteria were isolated, which represented an average of 1.28 organisms per case. Among these organisms, 62 gram-negative and 22 gram-positive organisms were isolated. E. coli was the most common gram-negative isolate (23.81%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.4%), and Klebsiella pneumonia(8.33%), while among gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus was the most common isolate (22.6%). Conclusion: Incidence of growth was 47.2% in which E. coli (23.8%) was the most common isolate. Gram-negative bacteria were more common than gram-positive bacteria. Diabetic foot infections are polymicrobial in nature.

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Bacterial etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of neonatal sepsis: a study in a tertiary care hospital, in Bangladesh

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20193098 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 1839

Author(s):

Mahfuza Shirin ◽

M. Monir Hossain ◽

Manifa Afrin ◽

Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The objective of the study was to detect causative microorganisms of neonatal sepsis and their antimicrobial resistance patterns.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018 in the Department of Neonatal Medicine and NICU of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital (DSH). Neonates diagnosed with probable sepsis were studied. After enrollment, 1 mL blood was taken and sent to Microbiology department of DSH for culture and sensitivity. With baseline characteristics, clinical examination findings and outcome, were also recorded.Results: Rate of isolation of single organism was 9.2% (84/913). Out of 84 isolates, gram negative bacteria were 77.4% with Klebsiella pneumonae being the commonest (35, 41.7%), gram positive bacteria were 11.9% with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus were equal (5, 5.95% each) and the remaining (9, 10.7%) isolated organism was Candida. Most of the isolated gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin, and ceftazidime; but gram-positive bacteria preserved 20-80% sensitivity. Klebsiella was more resistant than Acinetobacter to amikacin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Around 45-65% of gram-negative bacteria were resistant to imipenem and meropenem but gram-positive bacteria showed lesser resistance. Among the gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella and Acinetobacter were resistant to piperacillin as same as carbapenem group, but gram-positive bacteria were 100% sensitive to piperacillin. All the gram-negative bacteria showed more resistance to 4th generation cephalosporin, cefepime than carbapenem. Out of culture positive 84 neonates, 63 (75.0%) were cured but 21 (25.0%) died. Among the 21 expired neonates, 47.6% (10/21) were infected with Klebsiella.Conclusion: This study observed that gram-negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis predominantly, with emergence of Candida. All the isolated gram-positive and gram-negative organisms were mostly resistant to available antibiotics

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Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Pathogens Isolated from Pus Culture- A Tertiary Care Hospital Based Study

Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College ◽

10.3126/jngmc.v17i2.31659 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 70-74

Author(s):

Ankita Singh ◽

Vikash Verma ◽

Ritesh Singh

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Higher Sensitivity

Background: Microbial pathogens cause human skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) and surgical site infections (SSI) after surgical procedures. These can result in the production of pus, yellowish fluid comprising of dead WBCs and cellular debris. The microorganisms responsible for pus production vary greatly in relation to their spectrum of prevalence in different hospital and also in their antibiotic sensitivity. Further, the antibiotic sensitivity also changes because of the emergence of resistant strains. It is therefore, important that the common bacterial pathogens causing infection in a particular hospital and their sensitivity should be known. This will help in the choice of prophylactic antibiotic and in initiating the empirical antibiotic prescription for the infected cases before the culture sensitivity report is made available which takes about 2-3 days. Objective: To identify the spectrum of aerobic bacteria which are responsible for SSTI and SSI and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Method: This cross sectional hospital based study was conducted in Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NGMCTH), Kohalpur from January 2019 to November 2019. These pus swabs were obtained from the Department of Surgery and Department of Gynaecology & Obstretics. Samples were cultured in the Microbiology laboratory of NGMCTH, Kohalpur. Identification and characterization of isolates were performed on the basis of Gram staining and cultural characteristics. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed in vitro by Bauer-Kirby method. Collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and Microsoft Excel 2015. Results: During the study period, a total number of 311 pus swabs were obtained among which only 164 (52.73%) pus swab showed bacterial growth. Out of 164 pus swabs, 150 pus swabs yielded monomicrobial growth (150 bacterial isolates) and 14 pus swabs yielded polymicrobial growth (33 bacterial isolates). Gram Negative Bacteria (60.1%) was more prevalent than Gram Positive Bacteria (39.9%). Combined together, the most common isolate was S. aureus (36.1%) followed by E.coli (24.0%), Klebsiella (14.2%), Enterobacter (11.5%), Pseudomonas (9.8%), S. pyogenes (3.3%) and Proteus (1.1%). S. aureus was highly sensitive to Doxycycline (90.6%), Chloramphenicol (81.5%), Amikacin (79.5%) and Ceftraixone (72.7%). S. pyogenes showed 100% sensitivity to Cefexime, Amikacin, Chloramphenicol, Azithromycin and 80% sensitivity to Doxycycline. Similarly, most common gram negative isolate E.coli showed higher sensitivity to Chloramphenicol(71.4%) and Amikacin (66.7%) , Klebsiella showed higher sensitivity to Doxycycline(92.3%), Gentamicin(87.5%) and Amikacin (81.0%), Enterobacter showed higher sensitivity to Amikacin(90.9%) and Pseudomonas was highly sensitive to Chloramphenicol (71.4%) and Amikacin (66.7%). Piperacillin, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Ofloxacin and Ceftriaxone showed 100% sensitivity to Proteus spp. Amoxyclav, Cefepime and Cefexime (except in S. pyogenes) showed least sensitivity in both gram negative and gram positive bacterial isolates. Conclusion: In our study, the most common isolate wasS. aureus. Amikacin, as a single drug was found to be effective for empirical therapy of both gram negative and gram positive bacteria whereas Doxycycline and Amikacin was found effective in gram positive isolates. Amoxyclav and Cefepimewas commonly resistant in all bacterial isolates.

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Prevalence of Carbapenem Resistance among Gram-Negative Bacteria in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North-East India

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences ◽

10.9790/0853-131235660 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 56-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dr. Ph. Henkhoneng Mate ◽

◽

Dr. Kh Sulochana Devi ◽

Dr. Ksh Mamta Devi ◽

Dr. San Damrolien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Gram Negative ◽

North East India ◽

North East

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TO STUDY ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF NONFERMENTATIVE GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JAIPUR.

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i5.1132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Kirti Hemwani ◽

P. S. Nirwan ◽

Preeti Shrivastava ◽

Abhiraj Ramchandani

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Polymyxin B ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Nonfermentative gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) frequently considered as commensals or contaminants but the pathogenic potential of nonfermenters has been proved beyond doubt. They are resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. Aim: This study was undertaken to identify the nonfermenters isolated from various clinical samples and to know their Antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 150 strains of Nonfermenters isolated from 1200 various non repetitive clinical samples received in Department of Microbiology, NIMS Jaipur. Nonfermenters were identified using a standard protocol and their antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed with the help of the modified Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 150 nonfermenters isolated, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate 134 (89.33%) followed by Acinetobacter baumannii 16 (10.67%). Among all clinical samples Pus and Wound Discharge yield maximum isolates of NFGNB i.e. 54 (36%) % followed by sputum (39.0%). Most sensitive drug against NFGNB was Polymyxin-B (100%) followed by Imipenem (86 %) and Amikacin (71.33 %). Conclusion: Nonfermenters have a great potential to survive in a hospital environment so implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs and strict infection control practices will be required to prevent or slow down their emergence and spread. Keywords: Nonfermenters, Polymyxin-B, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter.

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Aerobacterial Vaginosis among Women Attending an Infertility Clinic at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chennai, India and Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology ◽

10.22207/jpam.15.1.14 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abigail R. Sopia ◽

Pushpa Innocent D. Joseph ◽

M. Kalyani ◽

B. Ananthi ◽

Suresh Dhanaraj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative

Genital infections and subsequent vaginosis diagnosed through high vaginal swab in women is caused due to fungi or bacteria. The presented study focused on determining the types, numbers and antibacterial susceptibility pattern of aerobic bacteria causing vaginosis in 147 female patients attending infertility centre in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Candida spp. caused 17% of infections with 15.7% of vaginosis caused by E.coli, Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter spp., Citrobacter spp. and Gram positive cocci – Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Coagulase Negative Staphylococci(CONS), Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. causing 12.9% of vaginitis in the study population. A total of 20 different antibiotics – cell wall inhibitors, protein synthesis inhibitors and nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors; were tested to determine the response of bacterial isolates by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The study result determined that the most effective drug for treating Gram positive bacterial vaginitis as per CLSI guidelines based on susceptibility pattern as: Linezolid(100%), Gentamycin(91.6%), Amikacin(87.5%),Erythromycin(79.2%), Co-Trimoxazole(72.2%), Ciprofloxacin(65.6%) and least Chloramphenicol(44.3%). High level gentamycin(83.3%) was found to be effective in treating Enterococci. The descending order of susceptibility of Gram negative aerobacteria causing vaginitis as per CLSI guidelines are: Amikacin(87.5%), Gentamycin(82.5%), Cefoperazone sulbactam (76.3%), Ciprofloxacin(68.5%), Ceftazidime(62.5%) and least Amoxyclav(25%).All Gram negative bacteria tested were susceptible to– Imipenem and Meropenem as well as Chloramphenicol. Ceftriaxone (87.5%) and Nitrofurantoin(72.3%) among other antibiotics was effective against Gram negative bacteria while all Enterobacteriaceae members were found to be resistant to tetracycline.

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Neonatal Bacterial Sepsis and Its Susceptibility Pattern in Neonatal Care Unit of Tertiary Care Hospital

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i2530828 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 106-111

Author(s):

Abdul Hameed Tunio ◽

Delijan Mugheri ◽

Muhammad Khan ◽

Wasim Sarwar Bhatti ◽

Abdul Majeed Soomro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Large Scale ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Research Work ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

Background: The drug resistance and pathogens are different in various Hospitals of any country. Very high resistance pattern is observed nowadays to the frequently used antibiotics. The important observation has been noted that most of the doctors do not obtain blood cultures before start of the antibiotics, which becomes competent source of resistance. For the same purpose, this study has been done to find out the responsible microbes causing ailment and their susceptibility towards antibiotics to plan early and effective management. Materials and Methods: A number of 100 new borns admitted in the NICU CMC Children Hospital Larkana with signs and symptoms of sepsis were included in this research work. The study will help in provision of a comprehensive record on microorganisms causing sepsis in the neonates and their antibiotic sensitivity. The epidemiology and presence of neonatal sepsis in particular area makes it more easy and convenient to implement the rationale of empirical antibiotic strategy. Results: From100 neonatal blood samples taken for culture, only 21 proved to be positive which stands 21%. In majority gram positive bacteria were found in (85.71%=18 cases) and gram negative bacteria stood (14.28%=3 cases).Staphylococcus species were found on the large scale (52.38%=11 cases) secondly Streptococcus species (33.33%=7 cases) and the remaining were Escherichia species being least common (14.28%=3 cases). Conclusion: Staphylococcus species provided major share as gram positive bacteria and Escherichia species were found to be major gram negative bacterial population responsible for neonatal sepsis. Profound resistance pattern is seen against widely used antibiotics. It is mandatory to have a routine check over the antibiotic resistance.

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Pattern of UTI in Chronic Kidney Disease: Experience from A Tertiary Care Hospital, Bangladesh

Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/cmoshmcj.v20i1.53586 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 41-45

Author(s):

Marina Arjumand ◽

Golam Mohammad Tayeb Ali ◽

Pradip Kumar Dutta ◽

Md Habib Hassan ◽

Kazi Md Abrar Hasan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Gram Positive ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gram Negative

Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is common and higher in prevalence in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). To find out the frequency and clinicobacteriological pattern of UTI in CKD patients. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 1000 of CKD patients attending Nephrology Department of Chattogram Medical College Hospital (CMCH) a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh during January to December, 2017. Cleancatch midstream urine samples were collected from study populations irrespective of symptoms. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were done. Urine samples were then inoculated in Blood agar and Mac’Conkey agar and incubated aerobically at 37 °C for 18-24 hours. Microscopic observations and conventional biochemical tests were done to identify the isolated organisms. Significant growth of organisms in urine was defined as UTI. The isolated organisms were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by using modified Kirby Bauer technique. Results: The prevalence of UTI was 61.8%. with significant asymptomatic UTI for 28%. Gram-negative organisms were most frequent 564 (93%) with predominant Escherichia coli 399 (64%) followed by Klebsiella 113(18%) and Pseudomonas 39(6%). Among Gram positive isolates, Staphylococcus (6%) was the dominant organism isolated. Regarding antibiotic susceptibility, Gram-negative microorganisms were found to be most sensitive to carbapenem and amikacin whereas Gram-positive microorganisms were most sensitive towards carbapenem, colistin and linezolid. Conclusion: In CKD patients, asymptomatic UTI was detected significantly. E.coli was found to be predominant organisms and resistant towards most of the studied common antibiotics. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (1); January 2021; Page 41-45

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Frequency and Sensitivity Pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoae Isolated from Women at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3329/bjid.v1i1.21473 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 3-7

Author(s):

Fatema Nusrat ◽

K.M. Shahidul Islam ◽

S.M. Shamsuzzaman ◽

Md. Abdullah Yusuf ◽

Aleya Farzana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Carbohydrate Utilization ◽

Medical College ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Child Bearing ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Presumptive Identification

Background: Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoae is changing frequently. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoae isolated from women presented with cervicitis.Methodology: This cross sectional study.carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2011 to December 2012 for a period of one and half year. All the women presented with or without the clinical features of cervicitis at child bearing age (15 to 49 yrs) with or without pregnancy were enrolled as study population. Endocervical swabs were collected for Gram staining, culture, biochemical test from clinically diagnosed patients of cervicitis for presumptive identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The isolates with presumptive identification were confirmed by rapid carbohydrate utilization test (RCUT), which differentiates N.gonorrhoeae from other Neisseria. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done according CLSI guideline. Result: A total 245 females were recruited of which N. gonorrhoeae were detected from 39(15.9%) cases. Among 39 positive cases of gonococcal cervicitis, 19 (48.71%) were detected in the age group of 21-30 years. 56.41% were sensitive and 30.76% were resistant to ceftriaxone. Similarly 51.28% were sensitive and 23.07% were resistant to cefuroxime; 23.07% sensitive, 30.76% moderately sensitive and 46.15% resistant to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Gonococcal cervicitis is found in a high frequency rate with a reduced sensitivity to antibiotics especially ciprofloxacin, second and third generation cephalosporins.Bangladesh J Infect Dis 2014;1(1):3-7

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Etiological profile of pyodermas in a tertiary care hospital in North-East India and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20195671 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Bijayanti Devi ◽

Kamal Das ◽

Suman Gupta

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Age Group ◽

Total Study Population ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

Pigmentary Disorders ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Study Population

Background: Hypermelanoses involving predominantly the face and the neck is relatively common and often presents a complex diagnostic problem. The present study was done in the study population of 500 patients of facial pigmentation, attending the skin outpatient department in AarupadaiVeedu Medical College and Hospital from October 2015 to September 2017. Aim and objective of the study was to study various clinical patterns of facial pigmentation, their clinical characteristics, their association with other pigmentary disorders and to evaluate the different etiotogical and precipitating factors.Methods: In this study, a special proforma was prepared. Patients were thoroughly interviewed and examined to find out dermatological and systemic diseases and they were subjected to investigations to evaluate different etiological factors and diagnose the clinical type of facial pigmentation.Results: The present study showed a strong female preponderance. Among the total study population there were 55% cases of melasma, 20% cases of Riehls melanosis, 10% cases of periorbital pigmentation and 5% of miscellaneous causes.Conclusions: Facial pigmentation was commonly seen in the females. 21-30 years age group was the most commonly affected age group in all types of facial pigmentation. Melasma, Riehls melanosis and periorbital pigmentation were the most common clinical types of facial pigmentation observed.

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