scholarly journals A CASE Study on Software Project Development Cost, Schedule & Effort Estimation

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Prabhakar Rao ◽  
Seetha Ramaiah
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Development Cost ◽  
Workforce Scheduling ◽  
Project Development ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Point Analysis

This paper theme is to provide a case study of Software Project Development cost, effort, and schedule estimation. From recent past, a remarkable research takes place in developing different techniques on software effort and cost estimation. Making estimation before start of any project is necessary to be able to plan and manage any project. The estimate is an intelligent guess for the project resources. Nowadays, software has become a major contributor to economic growth for any nation. Making an estimate before starting any software project is vital for the project managers and key stakeholders. Major project milestones such as project schedules, budgeting, resource allocation, and project delivery dates are set on theeffort and cost estimates. Thus, the reliability of the estimation leads any project success or otherwise fail. In this article, author’s idea is to work with function point analysis and include the concept of workforce scheduling in a better way while taking the decision in the contract phase. That leads to strengthening the relations between the developer and the customer. Basically, size is a main measured unit of the software project. Based on the size and other functionalities, the software managers estimate the total effort required to develop the project. From the effort and work schedule, the total cost can be estimated. 

scholarly journals Optimized COCOMO parameters using hybrid particle swarm optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Noor Azura Zakaria ◽  
Amelia Ritahani Ismail ◽  
Nadzurah Zainal Abidin ◽  
Nur Hidayah Mohd Khalid ◽  
Afrujaan Yakath Ali
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Project Development ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization

Software effort and cost estimation are crucial parts of software project development. It determines the budget, time, and resources needed to develop a software project. The success of a software project development depends mainly on the accuracy of software effort and cost estimation. A poor estimation will impact the result, which worsens the project management. Various software effort estimation model has been introduced to resolve this problem. COnstructive COst MOdel (COCOMO) is a well-established software project estimation model; however, it lacks accuracy in effort and cost estimation, especially for current projects. Inaccuracy and complexity in the estimated effort have made it difficult to efficiently and effectively develop software, affecting the schedule, cost, and uncertain estimation directly. In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed as a metaheuristics optimization method to hybrid with three traditional state-of-art techniques such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Linear Regression (LR), and Random Forest (RF) for optimizing the parameters of COCOMO models. The proposed approach is applied to the NASA software project dataset downloaded from the promise repository. Comparing the proposed approach has been made with the three traditional algorithms; however, the obtained results confirm low accuracy before hybrid with PSO. Overall, the results showed that PSOSVM on the NASA software project dataset could improve effort estimation accuracy and outperform other models.

scholarly journals Software project development cost estimation

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Kitchenham ◽  
N.R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Development Cost ◽  
Project Development

Fuzzy Rules for Risk Assessment and Contingency Estimation within COCOMO Software Project Planning Model

2014 ◽  
pp. 88-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekananta Manalif ◽  
Luiz Fernando Capretz ◽  
Danny Ho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Project Risks

Software development can be considered to be the most uncertain project when compared to other projects due to uncertainty in the customer requirements, the complexity of the process, and the intangible nature of the product. In order to increase the chance of success in managing a software project, the project manager(s) must invest more time and effort in the project planning phase, which involves such primary and integrated activities as effort estimation and risk management, because the accuracy of the effort estimation is highly dependent on the size and number of project risks in a particular software project. However, as is common practice, these two activities are often disconnected from each other and project managers have come to consider such steps to be unreliable due to their lack of accuracy. This chapter introduces the Fuzzy-ExCOM Model, which is used for software project planning and is based on fuzzy technique. It has the capability to not only integrate the effort estimation and risk assessment activities but also to provide information about the estimated effort, the project risks, and the effort contingency allowance necessary to accommodate the identified risk. A validation of this model using the project’s research data shows that this new approach is capable of improving the existing COCOMO estimation performance.

Fuzzy Rules for Risk Assessment and Contingency Estimation Within COCOMO Software Project Planning Model

2018 ◽  
pp. 771-797
Author(s):  
Ekananta Manalif ◽  
Luiz Fernando Capretz ◽  
Danny Ho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Project Risks

Software development can be considered to be the most uncertain project when compared to other projects due to uncertainty in the customer requirements, the complexity of the process, and the intangible nature of the product. In order to increase the chance of success in managing a software project, the project manager(s) must invest more time and effort in the project planning phase, which involves such primary and integrated activities as effort estimation and risk management, because the accuracy of the effort estimation is highly dependent on the size and number of project risks in a particular software project. However, as is common practice, these two activities are often disconnected from each other and project managers have come to consider such steps to be unreliable due to their lack of accuracy. This chapter introduces the Fuzzy-ExCOM Model, which is used for software project planning and is based on fuzzy technique. It has the capability to not only integrate the effort estimation and risk assessment activities but also to provide information about the estimated effort, the project risks, and the effort contingency allowance necessary to accommodate the identified risk. A validation of this model using the project's research data shows that this new approach is capable of improving the existing COCOMO estimation performance.

MMT

2022 ◽  
pp. 1077-1089
Author(s):  
Pekka Mäkiaho ◽  
Katriina Vartiainen ◽  
Timo Poranen
Keyword(s):  
Design Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Upper Management ◽  
Monitoring Software ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Is Design

This paper presents the Metrics Monitoring Tool (MMT) that was developed in university graduate and undergraduate courses on software project work in 2014-2016. The tool aims to support project members, project managers and upper management in reporting and monitoring software and project metrics for their easier and more effective utilization. The paper covers the development process of the tool, evaluation assessment, its current composition and features. The paradigm applied in this study is Design Science Research and the methods for evaluation include prototype, expert evaluation, case study and technical experiment. Data was collected from the tool users by two questionnaires. As a result, MMT was evaluated to ease the metrics handling, while several aspects related to the richness of functionalities and usability still require further development.

Web Development Effort Estimation

2011 ◽  
pp. 26-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Mendes ◽  
Silvia Abrahão
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Web Development ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Estimation Techniques ◽  
Classification And Regression ◽  
Case Based

Effort models and effort estimates help project managers allocate resources, control costs and schedule, and improve current practices, leading to projects that are finished on time and within budget. In the context of Web development and maintenance, these issues are also crucial, and very challenging, given that Web projects have short schedules and a highly fluidic scope. Therefore, the objective of this chapter is to introduce the concepts related to Web effort estimation and effort estimation techniques. In addition, this chapter also details and compares, by means of a case study, three effort estimation techniques, chosen for this chapter because they have been to date the ones mostly used for Web effort estimation: Multivariate regression, Case-based reasoning, and Classification and Regression Trees. The case study uses data on industrial Web projects from Spanish Web companies.

scholarly journals Influence of end user development on software project estimation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1812
Author(s):  
Archana Srivastava ◽  
Dr. K. Singh ◽  
Dr Syed Qamar Abbas
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Point Method ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
End User ◽  
Software Development Effort ◽  
Project Estimation

Use Case Point Method (UCP) is used to estimate software development effort. UCP uses a project’s use cases to produce a reasonable estimate of a project’s complexity and required man hours. Advance Use Case Point Method (AUCP) is an extension of UCP. AUCP extends UCP by adding the additional effort required in incorporating end user development (EUD) features in the software for overall project effort estimation. Today user needs are diverse, complex, and frequently changing hence need of EUD is also increasing. EUD features if incorporated in the software increases end user satisfaction exponentially but incorporating EUD features increases design time complexity and increases the effort significantly based on the end users requirements. This paper provides a case study to demonstrate the comparative analysis of UCP and AUCP using paired t-test. It also observes that there can be on an average 20% increase in overall effort of development on adding EUD features.  

scholarly journals ROI Estimation in a Scrum Project: A case study

10.29007/nqq6 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Cortés ◽  
Fulvio Lizano
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Software Development Project ◽  
Financial Metrics

Financial metrics are necessary to inform decisions about the beginning or continuity of a software development project to justify investments. This research discuses initial ROI (Return on Investment) estimates in a software project using Scrum and how to analyze variations in the initial calculations to make return on investment decisions during partial deliveries of the product. The case study included a survey, a review of documentation, two focus group sessions, and an exercise involving application of the proposed technique. Twenty-four professionals participated, of which 4 were Scrum trainers (17%), 4 were officials of the company where the estimation technique was applied (17%), and 16 were project managers of domestic and foreign software development companies (66%), all of whom had experience in project management. This study provides elements to be considered in future research on ROI calculation in projects using Scrum, and can be used as a guide to estimate and review financial metrics during the execution of an actual project.

scholarly journals Implementing a Managed Print Solution for Tainui NZ Ltd

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Liang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Project Success ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Legacy Systems ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Future Project ◽  
Practical Implications

<p>Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the failure of implementing a managed print solution to control costs and reduce waste associated with outsourcing practices in a complex and legacy environment.  Design/methodology/approach – Project documentation and literature reviews versus interview results by key stakeholders of the project.  Findings – It is found that there are critical successful factors would directly affect the result of a project implementation. Multi-party collaboration is quite challenging to each party, especially the product owner. It needs a strong leader to indicate each party’s responsibility and make sure communication can go through smoothly.  Practical implications – Organizations who have more complex infrastructure and legacy systems would need to take extra care when integrating new systems.  Originality/value – This paper can be used by Tainui or other organization leaders and project managers to be more effectively achieve future project success.  Keywords - Print management, Printers, Waste, Cost saving, IT project, CSF, Multi-party collaboration, Outsourcing  Paper type - Case study</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document