scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC PROPERTIES OF SWERTIAMARIN, A SECOIRIDOID GLYCOSIDE OF ENICOSTEMMA LITTORALE LEAVES, STUDIED IN HIGH-FAT DIET–FED LOW-DOSE STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selvam R ◽  
Muruganantham K ◽  
Subramanian S
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Enicostemma Littorale ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Secoiridoid Glycoside

Objective: Swertiamarin, a secoiridoid glycoside present in the leaves of Enicostemma littorale, is reported to be responsible for its pharmacological and beneficial properties. The present study was aimed to biochemically evaluate the antidiabetic properties of Swertiamarin in high fat diet fed - low dose streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic rats.Methods: High-fat diet-fed low-dose STZ was used to induce experimental type 2 diabetes in rats. Diabetic rats were orally treated with swertiamarin (50 mg/kg b.w./rat/day) for 30 days. The physiological criterions such as food and fluid intake were recorded. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed. The levels of fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), hemoglobin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were estimated. The activities of key enzymes involved in carbohydrate and glycogen metabolism in the liver and kidney tissues were assayed. The glycogen content in liver tissue was estimated.Result: Oral administration of swertiamarin to diabetic rats established a significant decline in the levels of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c as well as HOMA-IR values and an increase in plasma insulin and hemoglobin levels. The altered activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate and glycogen metabolism in liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats were restored to near normalcy by swertiamarin treatment.Conclusion: Swertiamarin treatment maintains normoglycemia in diabetic rats by modulating the activities of key carbohydrate and glycogen metabolizing enzymes in the hepatic and renal tissues.

Sequoyitol ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in diabetic rats induced with a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Wei Li ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Wei Hao ◽  
Jie-Ren Yang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat

Sequoyitol decreases blood glucose, improves glucose intolerance, and enhances insulin signaling in ob/ob mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sequoyitol on diabetic nephropathy in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the mechanism of action. Diabetic rats, induced with a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin, and were administered sequoyitol (12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 mg·(kg body mass)−1·d−1) for 6 weeks. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr) were measured. The expression levels of p22phox, p47phox, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 were measured using immunohistochemisty, real-time PCR, and (or) Western blot. The total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also determined. The results showed that sequoyitol significantly decreased FBG, BUN, and SCr levels, and increased the insulin levels in diabetic rats. The level of T-AOC was significantly increased, while ROS and MDA levels and the expression of p22phox, p47phox, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 were decreased with sequoyitol treatment both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggested that sequoyitol ameliorates the progression of diabetic nephropathy in rats, as induced by a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin, through its glucose-lowering effects, antioxidant activity, and regulation of TGF-β1 expression.

scholarly journals The Effect of Long-Term Intranasal Serotonin Treatment on Metabolic Parameters and Hormonal Signaling in Rats with High-Fat Diet/Low-Dose Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira V. Derkach ◽  
Vera M. Bondareva ◽  
Oxana V. Chistyakova ◽  
Lev M. Berstein ◽  
Alexander O. Shpakov
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Brain Serotonin ◽  
Serotonin Level ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brain Serotonin Level ◽  
The Brain

In the last years the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) was carried out using regulators of the brain signaling systems. In DM2 the level of the brain serotonin is reduced. So far, the effect of the increase of the brain serotonin level on DM2-induced metabolic and hormonal abnormalities has been studied scarcely. The present work was undertaken with the aim of filling this gap. DM2 was induced in male rats by 150-day high-fat diet and the treatment with low dose of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg) on the 70th day of experiment. From the 90th day, diabetic rats received for two months intranasal serotonin (IS) at a daily dose of 20 μg/rat. The IS treatment of diabetic rats decreased the body weight, and improved glucose tolerance, insulin-induced glucose utilization, and lipid metabolism. Besides, it restored hormonal regulation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in the hypothalamus and normalized AC stimulation byβ-adrenergic agonists in the myocardium. In nondiabetic rats the same treatment induced metabolic and hormonal alterations, some of which were similar to those in DM2 but expressed to a lesser extent. In conclusion, the elevation of the brain serotonin level may be regarded as an effective approach to treat DM2 and its complications.

Antidiabetic effect of Ficus racemosa Linn. stem bark in high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats: A mechanistic study

2012 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.P. Veerapur ◽  
K.R. Prabhakar ◽  
B.S. Thippeswamy ◽  
Punit Bansal ◽  
K.K. Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Ficus Racemosa ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Antidiabetic effects ofEmbelia ribesextract in high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 186-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Bhandari ◽  
Hemantkumar Somabhai Chaudhari ◽  
Geetika Khanna ◽  
Abul Kalam Najmi
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

scholarly journals Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, and Biochemical Evaluation of Antidiabetic Properties of a New Zinc-Diosmin Complex Studied in High Fat Diet Fed-Low Dose Streptozotocin Induced Experimental Type 2 Diabetes in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veerasamy Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Subramanian Iyyam Pillai ◽  
Sorimuthu Pillai Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Experimental Type

In view of the established antidiabetic properties of zinc, the present study was aimed at evaluating the hypoglycemic properties of a new zinc-diosmin complex in high fat diet fed-low dose streptozotocin induced experimental type 2 diabetes in rats. Zinc-diosmin complex was synthesized and characterized by various spectral studies. The complexation between zinc ions and diosmin was further evidenced by pH-potentiometric titrations and Job’s plot. Diabetic rats were orally treated with zinc-diosmin complex at a concentration of 20 mg/kg b.w./rat/day for 30 days. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were subjected to oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, HOMA-IR and various biochemical parameters related to glucose homeostasis were analyzed. Treatment with zinc-diosmin complex significantly improved the glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats. Treatment with zinc-diosmin complex significantly improved insulin sensitivity, at least in part, through enhancing protein metabolism and alteration in the levels of muscle and liver glycogen. The assay of clinical marker enzymes revealed the nontoxic nature of the complex. Determination of renal tissue markers such as blood urea and serum creatinine indicates the renoprotective nature of the complex. These findings suggest that zinc-diosmin complex is nontoxic and has complimentary potential to develop as an antihyperglycemic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals ALOE-EMODIN GLYCOSIDES AMELIORATE GLUCOSE UTILIZATION VIA INSULIN DOWNSTREAM REGULATORS: AN IN VIVO INVESTIGATION

2016 ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Singaravelu Anand ◽  
Saravanababu C ◽  
Lakshmi Bs ◽  
Muthusamy Vs
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Aloe Emodin

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: Aloe-emodin glycosides (AEG) isolated from Cassia fistula stimulates glucose transport and glycogen storage through a phosphatidylinositol<br />3 kinase (PI3K)-dependent mechanism in L6 myotubes and inhibits adipocytes differentiation in 3T3L1 adipocytes was previously reported. This<br />study intended to investigate the insulin mimetic effect of AEG by in vivo method.<br />Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into two groups and fed for a period of 3-week. The high-fat diet group animals were<br />injected with a low dose (35 mg/kg) of streptozotocin to induce Type-2 diabetes. The diabetic rats were then treated with low dose: 10 mg/kg and<br />high dose: 30 mg/kg for a period of 21-day. A dose-dependent decrease in fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides levels on treatment<br />with AEG. The carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic rats appeared to improve due to regulation in hepatic enzymes such as hexokinase, glucose-6phosphatase,<br />and fructose<br />1,6-bisphosphatase with a concomitant increase<br />in glycogen<br />content.<br />Results: AEG decreased lipid peroxidation and improved the antioxidant (enzymatic and nonenzymatic) levels in the liver of diabetic rats. Treatment<br />with AEG (30 mg/kg) augmented the phosphorylation of insulin downstream regulators such as insulin receptor beta, insulin receptor substrate 1,<br />PI3K, glucose transporter 4, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, and peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma in the skeletal muscle tissue of<br />the Type-2 diabetic rats compared to vehicle-treated diabetic rats.<br />Conclusion: The present results suggested that AEG could serve as an interesting candidate in the drug development for the management of diabetes.<br />Keywords: Aloe-emodin glycoside, Type-2 diabetes, High-fat diet/streptozotocin, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Glycogen, Antioxidant enzyme.</p>

Antidiabetic effect ofDodonaea viscosaaerial parts in high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats: A mechanistic approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1137-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.P. Veerapur ◽  
K.R. Prabhakar ◽  
M.R. Kandadi ◽  
K.K. Srinivasan ◽  
M.K. Unnikrishnan
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Partial Replacement with Menhaden Oil Improves Peripheral Neuropathy in High-Fat-Fed Low-Dose Streptozotocin Type 2 Diabetic Rat

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Coppey ◽  
Amey Holmes ◽  
Eric P. Davidson ◽  
Mark A. Yorek
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Menhaden Oil ◽  
High Fat

Aims. To determine the effect of partial replacement of a high-fat diet with menhaden oil on diabetic neuropathy in an animal model of type 2 diabetes.Materials and Methods. High-fat/low-dose streptozotocin diabetic rats were used to examine the influence of replacing 50% of the source of the high-fat diet (lard) with menhaden oil, a natural source of n-3 fatty acids, on diabetic neuropathy. Endpoints included analyses of glucose tolerance, fatty liver disease, serum and liver fatty acid composition, serum lipid and adiponectin levels, motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity, thermal sensitivity and innervation of the hindpaw.Results. Diabetic rats were insulin resistant and menhaden oil did not improve whole animal glucose utilization. Menhaden oil did not improve elevated HbA1C levels or serum lipid levels but serum levels of adiponectin were significantly increased and hepatic steatosis was significantly improved. Diabetic rats were thermal hypoalgesic, had reduced motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities and intraepidermal nerve fiber profiles were decreased in the hindpaw and these endpoints were significantly improved with menhaden oil.Conclusions. We found that enrichment of a high-fat diet with menhaden oil improved a number of endpoints associated with diabetic neuropathy.

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