scholarly journals EVALUATION OF NOOTROPIC ACTIVITY OF ACHYRANTHES ASPERA LEAVES EXTRACT IN WISTAR RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Divya Bhargavan ◽  
Suchetha Kumari ◽  
Deepa B
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Radial Arm Maze ◽  
Nootropic Activity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Achyranthes Aspera ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Group 1

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the nootropic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Achyranthes aspera leaves using elevated plus maze and radial arm maze.Methods: Adult Wistar rats were allotted to three groups; Group 1 served as control, Groups 2 and 3 received 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of AA extract, respectively, orally for 2 weeks after which the extent of improvement of memory was assessed.Results: AA showed nootropic activity in both elevated plus maze and radial arm maze. 200 mg/kg of AA extract showed better improvement in learning and memory compared to 400 mg/kg.Conclusions: These results indicate that AA leaves extract clearly exhibited the improvement in learning and memory.

EFFECT OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF DRIED FRUITS OF TRAPA NATANS L ON ANIMAL MODELS OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
D. B Ambikar ◽  
N. S. Vyawahare ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Nootropic Activity ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Trapa Natans ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Memory Disruption ◽  
The Brain

In the traditional system of medicine, the dried fruits of Trapa natans L var bispinosa (TB) have been employed clinically for their nutritional and medicinal property like nervine tonic. The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of fruits of Trapa natans L var bispinosa was investigated for its nootropic activity using various experimental paradigms of learning and memory, viz. transfer latency (TL) on elevated plus-maze, passive avoidance response (PAS), scopolamine induced amnesia (SIA) and brain acetylcholineestrase activity in albino mice. The investigation reported that TB 500 mg/kg significantly reduced the TL on 2nd and 9th day while TB 250 mg/kg was found effective on 9th day. TB 250 and 500 mg/kg significantly increased the step down latency in the PAS at acquisition and retention test. The extract also significantly attenuated the amnesic effects of scopolamine on the TL and SDL. The brain AchE levels were not altered with the pretreatment TB. In present investigation TB extract showed significant facilitatory effect on aversively motivated learning and memory in mice. moreover it attenuates the scopolamine induced memory disruption in mice.

scholarly journals Evaluation of YashtimadhuKalpa formulation as Neuro-nutrient for Learning and Memory improvement in experimental animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2564-2569
Author(s):  
Mrudul Y Chitrakar ◽  
Manish P Deshmukh ◽  
Ashish B Budhrani ◽  
Shilpa S Ingle
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Nootropic Activity ◽  
Control Sets ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Water Test ◽  
Control Set ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Vehicle Treated Control ◽  
Memory Enhancing

The unique functions of the brain are learning, memory, and ability to find objects, recollecting them, and cognition. The foremost intention of the study is to appraise the memory-enhancing potential of “YashtimadhuKalpa” using Wistar rats. The formulation YashtimadhuKalpawas prepared using various ingredients and was evaluated for memory-enhancing activity by using Morris water test and elevated plus maze apparatus for the parameter like transfer latency. The formulation - YashtimadhuKalpa (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) used for consecutive four weeks significantly reduced TL at the 29th day as correlated to the respective control sets, show enhancement in memory. All doses of formulation notably decreased EL of rats when checked for Day 1, day 15 and on day 30th as related to the control and showed noteworthy enhancement of learning and memory. Among all the doses, the higher dose at 300 mg/kg, p.o. Presents a highly important effect on TL as related to the vehicle-treated control set. The decline of transfer latency dose-dependently proved its potency against Neurodegeneration and confirmed its nootropic activity.

scholarly journals Participation ofGABAAChloride Channels in the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of a Fatty Acid Mixture

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Rosa Isela García-Ríos ◽  
Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Chloride Channels ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Gaba Binding ◽  
Defensive Burying

Human amniotic fluid and a mixture of eight fatty acids (FAT-M) identified in this maternal fluid (C12:0, lauric acid, 0.9 μg%; C14:0, myristic acid, 6.9 μg%; C16:0, palmitic acid, 35.3 μg%; C16:1, palmitoleic acid, 16.4 μg%; C18:0, stearic acid, 8.5 μg%; C18:1cis, oleic acid, 18.4 μg%; C18:1trans, elaidic acid, 3.5 μg%; C18:2, linoleic acid, 10.1 μg%) produce anxiolytic-like effects that are comparable to diazepam in Wistar rats, suggesting the involvement ofγ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, a possibility not yet explored. Wistar rats were subjected to the defensive burying test, elevated plus maze, and open field test. In different groups, threeGABAAreceptor antagonists were administered 30 min before FAT-M administration, including the competitive GABA binding antagonist bicuculline (1 mg/kg),GABAAbenzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil (5 mg/kg), and noncompetitiveGABAAchloride channel antagonist picrotoxin (1 mg/kg). The FAT-M exerted anxiolytic-like effects in the defensive burying test and elevated plus maze, without affecting locomotor activity in the open field test. TheGABAAantagonists alone did not produce significant changes in the behavioral tests. Picrotoxin but not bicuculline or flumazenil blocked the anxiolytic-like effect of the FAT-M. Based on the specific blocking action of picrotoxin on the effects of the FAT-M, we conclude that the FAT-M exerted its anxiolytic-like effects throughGABAAreceptor chloride channels.

scholarly journals Central activities of hydroalcoholic extract from Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil. stem bark

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablinny Moreira Galdino ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Mariano Nascimento ◽  
Fábio Borges de Sousa ◽  
Reginaldo Nassar Ferreira ◽  
José Realino de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Time Test

Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil. can be found from Amapá to Rio Grande do Sul states, and also in Paraguay and Bolivia. It is popularly known as pacari or mangava-brava and is used to promote weight loss, as an anti-thermal or tonic, to treat gastritis, ulcers, scarring, itching, discouragement, and cancer. In the open field tests, the hydroalcoholic extract from L. pacari stem bark (HEP) decreased the number of rearings, number of invaded squares, and increased immobility time compared to control animals. In the pentobarbital-induced sleep time test, HEP decreased latency time to sleep and increased sleeping time. In the rota-rod test, no changes in the studied parameters were observed. In the elevated plus maze, HEP increased the percentage time and percentage entries in the open arms, indicating that this extract exerts an anxiolytic-like activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of learning and memory effect of atorvastatin and simvastatin in alprazolam induced amnesia in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1900
Author(s):  
Shashikala G. ◽  
Jyothi C. H. ◽  
Shashikala G. H.
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Background: The study was undertaken to evaluate the learning and memory effect of lipid lowering drugs atorvastatin and simvastatin in alprazolam induced amnesic mice.Methods: The study was carried out on albino mice, divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each (either sex, 3-4 months of age, weight 25-30g). Amnesia was induced by administering Alprazolam (2mg/kg for 14 days) in all 4 groups from 1st to 14th day. In addition, group 2, 3 and 4 received Piracetam (400mg/kg), Atorvastatin (5mg/kg) and Simvastatin (5mg/kg) from 8th to 14th day respectively. The learning and memory of the animals was assessed by employing Elevated plus maze (EPM) and Step-down type passive avoidance (SDA) model.Results: Results were compared among the different groups using one way-ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test. The measured parameters were compared with standard drug Piracetam. In EPM model Atorvastatin (p<0.049) and Simvastatin (p<0.007) were comparable with standard drug Piracetam, whereas in SDA model only simvastatin group (p<0.001) showed significant result.Conclusions: In EPM model, both the statins showed significant improvement in learning and memory in alprazolam induced amnesic mice. However further studies are required to support these observations.

scholarly journals Dose-Dependent, Antidepressant, and Anxiolytic Effects of a Traditional Medicinal Plant for the Management of Behavioral Dysfunctions in Animal Models

Dose-Response ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581989126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Asif ◽  
Abdul Hayee ◽  
Muhammad Rahil Aslam ◽  
Khalil Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Sattar Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present work was carried out to assess the Onosma bracteatum anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. Swiss albino mice (male) were fed orally with hydroalcoholic extract at different doses 50, 100, and 200 mg 1 hour prior to test with the standard diazepam and fluoxetine. Anxiolytic and antidepressant activities were evaluated by using open field, elevated plus maze, force swimming, and tail suspension test. Results of open field test showed an increase in number of line crossing as well as number of rearing in dosage-dependent design. Although results of elevated plus maze test evidently showed antianxiety effect of O bracteatum by increasing the time spent in open arms along with decreasing the time spent in closed arms in dosage-dependent way. For the evaluation of antidepressant effect, O bracteatum diminished the immobility time and expanded mobility time in forced swim model in dosage-dependent way. Likewise, O bracteatum expanded time span of mobility along with diminished immobility time in tail suspension method in dosage-dependent way. Outcome demonstrated that plant at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight showed significant potential which was similar to that standard diazepam and fluoxetine. Hence, O bracteatum may be used as potent natural psychotherapeutic agent against the mental disorders.

scholarly journals SHODHANA DECREASES NOOTROPIC ACTIVITY OF SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM

2016 ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Pratap Kumar Sahu ◽  
Mishra Sk ◽  
Rout K ◽  
Prusty Sk
Keyword(s):  
Radial Maze ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Nootropic Activity ◽  
Alternation Behavior ◽  
Spontaneous Alternation Behavior ◽  
Semecarpus Anacardium ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Plus Maze

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: To evaluate the nootropic activity of methanolic extract of pre-shodhit and shodhit Semecarpus anacardium (SA) nuts and to observe the<br />effect of shodhana on nootropic activity of SA.<br />Methods: Spatial learning and working memory was considered for evaluation. The parameters used were spontaneous alternation behavior<br />(Y-maze), number of correct responses (radial maze), and transfer latency in day 1 (elevated plus maze). Scopolamine, an anticholinergic drug, was<br />used to induce cognitive deficit. % inhibition of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) was measured in vitro.<br />Results: Both pre-shodhit and shodhit drug reversed the scopolamine-induced a decrease in percentage spontaneous alternation behavior in Y-maze<br />and number of correct responses in radial maze. Scopolamine-induced increase in transfer latency in elevated plus maze was significantly decreased<br />by pre-shodhit drug only. Shodhit drug has no significant effect on transfer latency. Both pre-shodhit and shodhit drug showed dose-dependent<br />inhibition of AChE activity in vitro. Pre-shodhit drug showed a more nootropic activity than shodhit drug.<br />Conclusion: Methanolic extract of the nuts of S. anacardium possesses nootropic activity which may be attributed to inhibition of cholinesterase<br />activity. Shodhana of the nuts decreases nootropic activity.<br />Keywords: Semecarpus anacardium, Acetylcholine esterase, Shodhana, Nootropic.</p>

scholarly journals Sensitivity to diazepam after a single session of forced swim stress in weaning Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽  
Gabriel Guillén-Ruiz ◽  
Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Stressed Group ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Stress

Abstract The present study investigated the sensitivity to stress and diazepam in weaning (21-day old) Wistar rats. A single 15-min session of forced swimming was used to induce anxiety-like behavior. The group that was forced to swim exhibited an increase in anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) compared to the non-stressed group. Diazepam (1 h before the tests) reduced anxiety-like behavior in rats forced to swim compared to the vehicle stressed group. The dose-response curve for diazepam indicated that the 0.5 mg kg−1 dose (1 h before the EPM and OFT) was the minimum effective dose in reducing anxiety-like behavior without altering locomotor activity in weaning rats. These results indicate that weaning rats can develop anxiety-like behavior after a brief, single session of stress, and that rats at this age are seemingly more sensitive to diazepam than adult rats, which may be taken into account for clinical applications.

scholarly journals Evaluation of learning and memory using an elevated-plus maze in mice.

1994 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Shuichi Miyazaki ◽  
Masahiro Imaizumi ◽  
Haruhiko Machida
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning
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