scholarly journals Фотообразы буддистов Бурятии

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-833
Author(s):  
Andrei A. Bazarov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Buddhist Tradition ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Comparative Reconstruction

Goals. The paper examines the issue of visual images in the everyday ritual practice of ordinary Buddhists in Buryatia. The relevance of studying rare Buddhist photographs as a historical and cultural source cannot be questioned, since this perspective reveals unknown aspects in the formation of Buryat identity and the role of Buddhism in this process. Materials. The work investigates the collection of rare photographs at the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies (Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) and photographs of the ritual complex ‘khoimor-gungurba’ collected during expeditions of the 1950-1970s and in the early 21st century. Results. A method (metalanguage) of describing Buddhist photo images was developed during preliminary works to clarify the mechanism of actualizing this material in Buddhist discourse, including elements as follows: a mechanism of image selection; cultural context; ritual and social goals; nature of materials; registration of believers’ reactions to visual images. The paper shows a close relationship between the local visual practice of Buddhists and the formation of Buryat identity from the late 19th towards the 21st century, which is concluded from a comparative analysis of the two databases. After a comparative reconstruction of the structures of the collections, the work argues that the everyday ritual practice of praying before these photos is an important aspect in the formation of local identity. The most interesting finding of the study is that pre-revolutionary images of Buryat Lamas are central in the culture of the photo-visual practices of Buryat Buddhists nowadays. The comparative analysis confirmed that a fundamental change in the transmission of the Buddhist tradition in Buryatia, social changes, and the economic situation led to a change in the development of the traditional Buddhist culture of the Buryats that currently prioritizes autocephaly and the preservation of ethnic identity.

scholarly journals Compositional System of Osvaldas Balakauskas

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-95
Author(s):  
Gražina Daunoravičienė
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Compositional System ◽  
The Relationship

Against the background of the Lithuanian professional music modernisation over the late Soviet period through to the early 21st century, the study focuses on the theoretical-compositional system of dodecatonics by the most consistent Lithuanian modernist Osvaldas Balakauskas (b. 1937). Based on it, the conceptualisation of the composer’s creative process, the modern expression construing specificity, the socio-political and cultural context, and the aesthetic value will be revealed. By interpreting the process of modernisation from the viewpoint of parataxical comparativism, the relationship between the dodecatonics and other 20th century ­stheoretical-compositional systems as well as the theoretical tradition will be examined. The issues of individualisation of the 12-tone technique and the implementation of the principles of the Dodecatonics in Balakauskas’’ compositions will be discussed. The system is contextualised in the milieu of the inculcation of “formalistic” modernist doctrines in Lithuania and the USSR and of the updating of composing systems and the development of new ones.

Judicialisation and the End of Parliamentary Supremacy

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-96
Author(s):  
Gar Yein Ng
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Parliamentary Supremacy ◽  
The Early 21St Century

There is now a greater presence of the judiciary checking the legislature, moving away from the classical paradigm that the judge is the weakest branch of government. This article traces political and judicial developments in uk, France and the Netherlands, countries following a parliamentary supremacy model. The following questions are addressed: Are courts of the early 21st century willing to supervise a parliament that has been conceived as supreme? Have parliaments subsequently shown a willingness to be supervised by courts? From the comparative analysis, what has this meant for the separation of powers?

scholarly journals The Intelligence Accountability Framework in Canada

Federalism-E ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Jean-Nicolas Bordeleau
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Review Process ◽  
First Century ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Legislative Oversight ◽  
Intelligence Operations ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Cold War

The recurrence of intelligence operations has grown significantly since the beginning of the twenty-first century. This growing popularity has increased the need for public and legislative oversight as well as intelligence parliamentary review. The purpose of this paper is to critically assess the intelligence accountability framework in Canada. This assessment will argue that the expansion of intelligence capabilities in the late 20th and early 21st century has not been followed by an adequate expansion of the oversight and review framework. In order to support this argument, the paper will conduct a comparative analysis of the Five Eyes (FVEY) members and examine the evolution of Canadian intelligence accountability structures from the Cold War until 2020. The paper will conclude by proposing literature-supported changes to improve the oversight and review process. 

scholarly journals SUBSTITUTE OFFERING: AN OB UGRIAN RITUAL TRADITION SURVIVING IN THE 20TH AND EARLY 21ST CENTURY

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
A. V. Baulo
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Birch Bark ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Pencil Drawing

The substitute offering is a little known ritual practice described by Artturi Kannisto among the northern Khanty and Mansi in the early 1900s, and by the Novosibirsk ethnographers in 1985–2017. Substitution was practiced in case of the offeror’s illness, absence of a requisite domestic animal or unsuccessful hunt. In such cases, instead of actual animals, their effi gies were offered to the patron spirits—fi gurines of horses, reindeer, cows, sheep, and cocks cut from birch-bark or cast of lead; alternatively, purchased toys were offered. A substitute could be a pencil drawing or an embroidered fi gure of a horse on cloth. The specifi c substitute was normally prescribed by a shaman; it had to be made only by someone unrelated to and older than the supposed offeror. The effi gy and the prayer to the deity, accompanying the offering, are described. Animal effi gies were kept in sacral trunks, attached to the clothes of patron spirits, tied into the corners of head cloths and ribbons of covers to be offered. The combined version of the substitute offering includes hitherto unknown representations of a head cloth, a coat or robe, cut from birch-bark.

scholarly journals ARTISTIC REPORTAGES BY O. KRYSHTOPA’S UKRAINE: THE SCOPE 1:1

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Maria Lenok
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Literary Discourse ◽  
Language Politics ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Early 21St Century

The article is devoted to artistic reportages by O. Khrystopa a Ukrainian author of non fiction literature. The artistic reportage of the early 21st century underwent significant changes, evolving from the literary coverage of the 1920s. Contemporary authors refine their texts with different artistic techniques, genre-style techniques, which leads to the emergence of common genres. Such texts tend to be meta-genre in documentary and artistic discourse. The artistic reportages have a dual nature because they synthesize genre features of literature and journalism. There is a tendency to saturate artistic reportage with artistic techniques, expanding the possibilities of literature today. The aim of the article is to find out the place of artistic reportage in the contemporary Ukrainian literary discourse and to analyze some texts, in particular the book by O. Khrystopa’s Ukraine: the Scорe 1:1. The author represented a map of his travels and assignments to different corners of the country, covering a number of small and large cities. It is noteworthy that he reproduced urgent topics: unemployment, employment, language, politics, ecology, coal fever, Chornobyl. The artist skillfully uses linguistic and imaginative means that focus on poetic micro-images in the texts of artistic reportages in the book Ukraine: the Scорe 1:1. The sound and visual images give the texts the proof. The artist imposes the text with the metaphorical, metonymic or amplifying character, uses simple comparisons, synecdoche, often parses a narrative that helps to focus on the background of the image; expresses the artistic background with literary allusions, preserving the tradition of considering one text within another. The study of the genre specificity of the artistic reportage will be the subject of the further research.

scholarly journals Authoritarian resurgence: towards a unified analytical framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Andrea Cassani ◽  
Luca Tomini
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Democratic Transition ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Introductory Note ◽  
The Early 21St Century

AbstractThis introductory note to the Special Issue ‘Autocracy Strikes Back: Authoritarian Resurgence in the Early 21st Century’ situates this collection of articles in the burgeoning literature on authoritarian resurgence, and illustrates the conceptual terrain on which these articles make their contribution. In this regard, we discuss autocratization, authoritarian resilience, democratic transition failure, and autocracy-to-autocracy transition as processes of regime change representing different ways in which authoritarian resurgence may advance. Relatedly, we clarify how these processes of regime change differ from each other and provide a few basic coordinates to frame their comparative analysis.

scholarly journals Clipping Presentation by S. Eisenstein as a Form of Self-Presentation in Amateur Photography of the Late 20th - Early 21st Century

2015 ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Tatyana M. Netusova
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Depth Interviews

The amateur photography is a phenomenon spread almost over each sphere of the everyday life. Combining the results of the survey of Moscow citizens aged from 18 to 25 (total amount of the surveyed people is 265) and the data of several in-depth interviews with respondents of age from 45 to 52 (6 questionnaires), the author reveals some patterns and features of the generations’ self-presentation through the amateur photographs. Applying the clipping principle of S. Eisenstein while analyzing the data, the author receives some peculiar results concerning the meanings of photographs in the end of 20th - beginning of 21st century as well as the main themes for the photographs of the two generations.

scholarly journals China Rising in Latin America

2015 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
K. O. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Relations ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Early 21St Century

The article analyses one of the most important international relations trends in Latin America in the early 21st century, the PRC’s growing presence in Latin America. The first part of the article deals with the historical background of the phenomenon, pragmatic interests of the parties and China’s skillful diplomacy with the second one concentrating on the comparative analysis of models of bilateral relations between China and the leading nations of the region.

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