scholarly journals The second modification of a dedicated staging system for lung metastases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Gonzalez ◽  
Marcello Migliore
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Curative Resection ◽  
Pulmonary Metastases ◽  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Lung Metastasectomy

The topic of pulmonary metastases has long been of high interest and ongoing controversy. There is a group of patients with pulmonary metastases who may benefit from curative resection. It remains unclear which among them will benefit from surgery in terms of survival. This work updates a previously proposed classification system for pulmonary metastases, similar in its essence to the tumor, nodes, metastasis (TNM) classification used for primary tumors and named pmTNM classification, where ‘pm' stands for ‘pulmonary metastasis’. The objective is to allow future studies to explore predictive and survival prognostic factors for pulmonary metastases and separate patients who will benefit from lung metastasectomy from those who will not. The secondary aim is to provide a classification system that will allow physicians, oncologists and surgeons to speak the same language in comparing their data and assessing the results of treatment of lung metastases.

Malignant Cutaneous Tumors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan C Halpern ◽  
Patricia L. Myskowski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Primary Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Paget Disease ◽  
Cutaneous Lymphomas

This chapter reviews the most common malignant cutaneous tumors. The section on malignant tumors of the epidermis discusses nonmelanoma skin cancer (i.e., basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) and malignant melanoma. The section on malignant tumors of the dermis covers metastatic tumors, primary tumors (Merkel cell carcinoma, Paget disease, extramammary Paget disease, angiosarcoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans), and Kaposi sarcoma (i.e., classic Kaposi sarcoma, African Kaposi sarcoma, organ-transplant Kaposi sarcoma, and HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma). The final section covers cutaneous lymphomas. The coverage of each disease includes a discussion of epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Tables provide the adjusted estimated relative risks of melanoma by nevus type and number, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM classification and staging system, the estimated probability of 10-year survival in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma, and an overview of overview of therapy for cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Figures illustrate the presentation of many malignant cutaneous tumors. This review contains 10 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 105 references.

Malignant Cutaneous Tumors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan C Halpern ◽  
Patricia L. Myskowski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Primary Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Paget Disease ◽  
Cutaneous Lymphomas

This chapter reviews the most common malignant cutaneous tumors. The section on malignant tumors of the epidermis discusses nonmelanoma skin cancer (i.e., basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) and malignant melanoma. The section on malignant tumors of the dermis covers metastatic tumors, primary tumors (Merkel cell carcinoma, Paget disease, extramammary Paget disease, angiosarcoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans), and Kaposi sarcoma (i.e., classic Kaposi sarcoma, African Kaposi sarcoma, organ-transplant Kaposi sarcoma, and HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma). The final section covers cutaneous lymphomas. The coverage of each disease includes a discussion of epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Tables provide the adjusted estimated relative risks of melanoma by nevus type and number, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM classification and staging system, the estimated probability of 10-year survival in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma, and an overview of overview of therapy for cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Figures illustrate the presentation of many malignant cutaneous tumors. This review contains 10 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 105 references.

Prognostic relevance of the novel TNM-classification system for neuroendocrine tumors of foregut origin

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 15147-15147
Author(s):  
U. Pape ◽  
H. Jann ◽  
U. Berndt ◽  
B. Wiedenmann
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Prognostic Relevance

15147 Background: Until recently no TNM-classification existed for neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the gastroenteropancreatic system. In 2006 Rindi et al. proposed a new TNM-classification system for foregut-NET of gastric, duodenal and pancreatic origin. The present study validates prognostic significance of the new TNM-classification in a cohort from a German referral center. Methods: The case files of 193 patients with histologically proven foregut NET were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were classified according to Capella (1995) and the WHO (2000) and to the new TNM-classification. Uni- and multivariate analysis was performed using log-rank and Cox regression methods. Results: Primary tumors localization was gastric (n=48), duodenal (23) and pancreatic (122); 35 patients (18%) died during the observation period. Overall 5- and 10-year survival rates (YSR) were 76% and 65% resp., while 5- and 10-YSR according to NET-related deaths (74% of all deaths, 26/35) were 83% and 74% resp.. The classifications by Capella and the WHO significantly discriminated between low and high grade malignant NET (p<0,001 and 0,002 resp.), but did not allow further prognostic differentiation. In contrast, the newly proposed TNM-classification system was able to significantly differentiate stage IV NET from all other stages (I vs. IV p=0,001; II vs. IV p=0,001; III vs. IV p=0,008) as well as stage III from stage I NET (p=0,038). Furthermore, the new classification system which includes a grading system according to the mitotic index (Ki67-index; G1 <3%, G2 3–20%, G3 >20%) was also able to significantly distinguish all three groups from each other (G1 vs. G3 p<0,001; G2 vs. G3 p<0,001). On multivariate analysis stage I and II as well as stage III-NET had a decreased hazard ratio (HR) when compared to stage IV-NET (I/II: HR 0,094, p=0,003; III: HR 0,38, p=0,096). In the same model G1 and G2-NET were associated with an decreased HR as compared to G3-NET (G1: HR 0,05, p=0,01; G2: HR 0,20, p=0,002). Conclusions: Here we demonstrate prognostic relevance of the newly proposed TNM-classification system for foregut-NET with statistical significance which therefore provides a new and powerful tool for future classification of NET. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Establishment of an Intraoperative Staging System (iStage) by Improving UICC TNM Classification System for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-472
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Ito ◽  
Kiyoshi Ichihara ◽  
Hiroo Masuoka ◽  
Mitsuhiro Fukushima ◽  
Hiroyuki Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Papillary Thyroid

Evaluation of the seventh TNM classification system in patients with esophageal cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy.

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 83-83
Author(s):  
M. Nomura ◽  
T. Kodaira ◽  
A. Mizota ◽  
C. Kondoh ◽  
K. Shitara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Tnm Staging ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
7Th Edition ◽  
Prognostic Group

83 Background: The new 7th edition of the TNM classification system is based on pathologic data of esophageal cancer underwent surgery alone. No report is available on the prognostic evaluation of the new staging system in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of the 7th edition of the TNM staging system in esophageal cancer patients treated with CRT. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 301 consecutive patients who met the following inclusion criteria: (1) squamous cell carcinoma of thoracic esophagus; (2) total radiation dose ≥ 50 Gy; (3) concomitant chemotherapy consisting of 5-fluolouracil and platinum; (4) no previous thoracic radiotherapy or surgery. We compared the prognostic impact of the 6th and 7th editions of the TNM staging systems. Also, we compared the prognostic impact of stage group and prognostic group, which was newly defined in the 7th edition. Survival analysis was performed by using log-rank and Cox regression testing. Results: Patients with stage I/II/III/IV were 52/42/54/153 and 57/46/128/70 according to 6th and 7th edition, respectively. Eighty-four patients were shifted to a lower stage in 7th edition compared with 6th edition, and most of these were from stage IV to III (n = 74). There were significant differences among stages I to III (p < 0.01, respectively) according to each edition. However, 7th edition poorly distinguishes between stages III and IV (p = 0.43). The survival curve of stage IV (lymph) almost completely overlapped with stage III (p = 0.69), although there were significant differences between stages IV (lymph) and IV (organ) (p = 0.04). Among the factors included in prognostic group in 7th edition, the histological grade and cancer site had no significant influence on patient survival, and T factor was only independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our study suggested several pitfalls in 7th TNM classification as prognostic factor in patients who received CRT. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Establishment of an Intraoperative Staging System (iStage) by Improving UICC TNM Classification System for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2570-2580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Ito ◽  
Kiyoshi Ichihara ◽  
Hiroo Masuoka ◽  
Mitsuhiro Fukushima ◽  
Hiroyuki Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Papillary Thyroid

Differential gene expression associated with the tropism between hepatic and pulmonary metastases in colorectal cancers.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21062-e21062
Author(s):  
Sung-Hyun Kim ◽  
So-Jung Choi ◽  
Jinseon Lee ◽  
Jhingook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Pulmonary Metastases ◽  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Hepatic Metastases ◽  
Colorectal Cancers ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Metastatic Tumors ◽  
Heat Map ◽  
Primary Tumors

e21062 Background: In metastatic colorectal cancers tumor cells were already disseminated, prior to surgical resection of the primary tumors, but micrometastases remain dormant until proper colonization mechanisms are activated. Specific aims of this study are, 1) to examine the colonization pathways and genes newly activated in metastatic tumors by longitudinal pair-wise comparisons between primary-to-metastatic tumors and 2) to understand tropism between colon-to-liver and colon-to-lung metastases at gene expression level. Methods: Total 24 tumor samples were prepared as longitudinal pairs from 6 hepatic, and 6 pulmonary cases. In these samples mRNA levels were quantitatively determined for 215 genes that were previously reported to play roles in metastasis, cytokines signaling, or angiogenesis, as provided as RT2 Profiler TM PCR arrays (PAHS-022, 024, 028). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of Ct values and heat map analyses of DCt values were carried out using web based data analysis program, and 17-gene tropism signature was selected for stratification of the hepatic and the pulmonary metastases. Results: Ct values of 23 duplicated genes and 5 house-keeping genes showed plate-to-plate correlation of 0.92. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the Ct values from the Metastasis Arrays revealed that the hepatic metastases were indistinguishable from the primary colorectal cancers (n=5/6), but the lung metastases were highly diversified (n=6/6). Cytokine Array data also showed the divergence of pulmonary metastases from the primary colorectal cancers (n=6/6). Heat map analyses of DCt values from the Metastasis Arrays identified 17-gene tropism signature that was sufficient not only to distinguish the liver and the lung metastases, but also reconstitute the clustering of primary tumors with the hepatic metastases. Conclusions: Intrinsic difference existed between the pulmonary and hepatic metastases of colorectal origins among the tested samples. 17-gene tropism signature was identified, and further genomic and clinical studies are in process to validate their potentials as therapeutic targets to treat pulmonary metastases of colorectal cancers.

Malignant Cutaneous Tumors

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan C Halpern ◽  
Patricia L. Myskowski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Primary Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Paget Disease ◽  
Cutaneous Lymphomas

This chapter reviews the most common malignant cutaneous tumors. The section on malignant tumors of the epidermis discusses nonmelanoma skin cancer (i.e., basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) and malignant melanoma. The section on malignant tumors of the dermis covers metastatic tumors, primary tumors (Merkel cell carcinoma, Paget disease, extramammary Paget disease, angiosarcoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans), and Kaposi sarcoma (i.e., classic Kaposi sarcoma, African Kaposi sarcoma, organ-transplant Kaposi sarcoma, and HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma). The final section covers cutaneous lymphomas. The coverage of each disease includes a discussion of epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Tables provide the adjusted estimated relative risks of melanoma by nevus type and number, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM classification and staging system, the estimated probability of 10-year survival in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma, and an overview of overview of therapy for cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Figures illustrate the presentation of many malignant cutaneous tumors. This review contains 10 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 105 references.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Cell Re-Dissemination from Lung Metastases—A Mechanism for Enhancing Metastatic Burden

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2340
Author(s):  
Lucia Borriello ◽  
John Condeelis ◽  
David Entenberg ◽  
Maja H. Oktay
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Metastatic Burden ◽  
First Time ◽  
Do So

Although metastatic disease is the primary cause of mortality in cancer patients, the mechanisms leading to overwhelming metastatic burden are still incompletely understood. Metastases are the endpoint of a series of multi-step events involving cancer cell intravasation, dissemination to distant organs, and outgrowth to metastatic colonies. Here we show, for the first-time, that breast cancer cells do not solely disseminate to distant organs from primary tumors and metastatic nodules in the lymph nodes, but also do so from lung metastases. Thus, our findings indicate that metastatic dissemination could continue even after the removal of the primary tumor. Provided that the re-disseminated cancer cells initiate growth upon arrival to distant sites, cancer cell re-dissemination from metastatic foci could be one of the crucial mechanisms leading to overt metastases and patient demise. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies to block cancer cell re-dissemination would be crucial to improving survival of patients with metastatic disease.

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