scholarly journals Knowledge and behavior of Lebanese parents regarding melanoma prevention in public and private school children

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léa El Haddad ◽  
Tarek Souaid ◽  
Diana Kadi ◽  
Joya-Rita Hindy ◽  
Karim Souaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Private School ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Sun Protection Factor ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Melanoma Prevention

Aim: Assess the knowledge and behavior of Lebanese parents when it comes to melanoma and its prevention in children. Methods: A survey, to be completed by parents, was sent through children from three schools. Results: During sun exposure only 23.5% of 1012 respondents were always covering enough areas of their children's skin and 74.1% did not always apply sunscreen to their children. Parents of private school children were three times more likely to apply sunscreen to their children when exposed to sun, four times more likely to reapply sunscreen every 2–3 h and 21 times more likely to use a higher sun protection factor. Conclusion: Sun protection in children is insufficient and sunburns are frequent, illustrating the need for melanoma awareness campaigns.

Formulation and Sun Protection Factor Estimation of Squash Cucurbita maxima Seeds Sunblock Lotion

10.17158/322 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane G. Barluado
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Sun Protection Factor

<p>The fact that the sun’s ultraviolet (UVA and UVB) radiation reaches the earth’s surface associates sun exposure with many skin problems such as sunburn, photoaging, hyperpigmentation, and skin cancers. Because sunlight is unavoidable, sunscreen/sunblock application is essential to protect the skin from the mentioned problems. Zinc, in the form of zinc oxide, is an active ingredient in sunblocks as it deflects away UVA and UVB. Zinc is an immunologically important mineral that helps in wound healing, antiinflammation, and cell protection. One natural and rich source of zinc is squash seeds, which many consider as trash. This study features the formulation of a sunblock lotion using squash seeds as the active ingredient. Squash seeds extract and powder were first subjected to Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) to quantitate zinc content, and enough were used to formulate a sunblock lotion to a final zinc concentration of 5%. Various physical tests on the finished product showed that it is stable and gentle, having high melting point of 440C, and being easily spreadable, water insoluble, and weakly basic at pH 7.5. Patch tests gave negative results in all subjects, indicating the product’s hypoallergenicity. UV spectrophotometry revealed substantially low UV absorbance (&lt;0.03 from 290nm – 320nm wavelengths), which is consistent with the action of zinc oxide as UV deflector, not absorber. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) was determined using a modified formula set by the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 based on the ratio of minimal erythema (skin redness due to dilated dermal capillaries) on protected skin to that on unprotected skin, and was calculated to be SPF20. Further, costing and pricing analysis showed the production cost to be P0.80/mL, and recommended selling price (at 100% markup) of P1.60/mL, which is up to 13 times cheaper than popular commercial brands of similar effectiveness. Thus, the study successfully formulated a gentle, effective, and affordable sunblock lotion using squash seeds as organic active ingredient.</p>

Sun Care Advertising in Popular U.S. Magazines

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric T. Lee ◽  
David O'Riordan ◽  
Susan M. Swetter ◽  
Marie-France Demierre ◽  
Katie Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Women's Magazines ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Sun Protection Factor

Purpose. We assessed the placement of magazine advertising for sun care products to lay the groundwork for broader promotion to more diverse and high-risk demographic groups. Methods. We reviewed 579 issues of 24 magazines published between the months of May and September from 1997 to 2002. We conducted a cover-to-cover review of top-selling magazines for men, women, teens, parents, travelers, and outdoor recreation users. We determined if there were any advertisements for the following sun care products: sun tanning lotions containing sun protection factor (SPF), sunless tanners without SPF, sunscreen with SPF, moisturizers with SPF, or cosmetics with SPF (which include sunless tanners containing SPF). Results. Sun care products, including sunscreens, were advertised primarily in women's magazines (77%). Nearly two thirds of all sun care products advertised were either for cosmetics (38%) or moisturizers (26%) containing SPF, followed by ads for sunscreen sold as a stand-alone product (19%). None of the ads contained all of the recommendations for safe use of sunscreen: a minimum SPF of 15, both UVA and UVB protection, reapplication instructions, and an adequate application coverage of 2 milligrams per square centimeter. Discussion. Magazine advertising to men, travelers, outdoor recreation users, and parents/ families (totaling a circulation of 41 million readers) during this six-year period were far fewer than those for women, despite high rates of excessive sun exposure in these groups.

In Vitro Evaluation of Sun Protection Factor of Plant Extracts By Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (30) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Geeta Bhandari Garima Negi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Skin Protection ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Sun Protection Factor ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure ◽  
Sunscreen Products

Abstract-Acute and chronic exposure to nonphysiological doses of ultraviolet radiation leads to variety of changes of skin ranging from sun-burn, erythema to skin cancer. For skin protection from deleterious effects of sunlight, sunscreen products are used in various forms having chemical and physical filters. However, synthetic sunscreen formulations are reported to cause adverse effects. Thus the present study was planned to evaluate the sun protection factor (SPF) of leaves extract of Murraya koenigii for their application as herbal sunscreens. The results suggested that the occurrence of active compounds responsible for ultraviolet absorption can be extracted for use in sunscreens preparations as better, cheaper and safe alternative to harmful chemical sunscreens. Keywords: UV radiations, SPF, Murraya koenigii

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