In Vitro Evaluation of Sun Protection Factor of Plant Extracts By Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Method

Abstract-Acute and chronic exposure to nonphysiological doses of ultraviolet radiation leads to variety of changes of skin ranging from sun-burn, erythema to skin cancer. For skin protection from deleterious effects of sunlight, sunscreen products are used in various forms having chemical and physical filters. However, synthetic sunscreen formulations are reported to cause adverse effects. Thus the present study was planned to evaluate the sun protection factor (SPF) of leaves extract of Murraya koenigii for their application as herbal sunscreens. The results suggested that the occurrence of active compounds responsible for ultraviolet absorption can be extracted for use in sunscreens preparations as better, cheaper and safe alternative to harmful chemical sunscreens. Keywords: UV radiations, SPF, Murraya koenigii

Investigation of the Essential Oil of Ormenis africana from Morocco: Revision of Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity

Abstract- The essential oil composition from the aerial parts of Ormenis africana (Asteraceae), an endemic species from Morocco, has been investigated by GC/MS. A total of 31 compounds were identified, representing 77%. After fractionation by column chromatography, the main compound was isolated and its structure elucidated by NMR spectroscopy. The essential oil was dominated by oxygenated compounds with spathulenol (45.8%) followed by camphor (7.1%), -cadinol (5.9%) and -bisabolol (5.9%) as the main compounds. This oil can be classified as spathulenol-type according to its spathulenol content. In vitro the antibacterial activity of the whole essential oil against three Gram positive (Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus C) bacteria and three Gram negative (Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa) bacteria, showed significant results. Keywords: Asteraceae, Ormenis africana, Essential oil, Spathulenol, Antibacterial activity.

Plant Mediated Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Its Anti - microbial and Anti - oxidant Activities

Abstract-In this research paper we have reported the single pot synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) for the first time by utilisation of leaves extract of Himalayan medicinal plant Artemisia roxburghiana. The principle of green chemistry was utilised at maximum possible level to make the synthesis not only environmentally compatible but also cost effective. The obtained nanoparticles are of good shape and size as confirmed by the instrumental techniques such as Powder XRD, HR-TEM, HR-SEM and FT-IR. The average size of the synthesized nanoparticles was between 26 to 35 nm. These nanoparticles then screened for the anti - microbial assay in which it has shown positive activity against E. coli, A. Tereus and C. falcatum. The second application of the synthesized nanoparticles is estimation of anti - oxidant activity against the DPPH. The IC value of the nanoparticles is formed to be 50 53 in EtoH while that of the standard, ascorbic acid was 26 in the same solvent. Keywords:Art emisia roxburghiana, Asteraceae, ZnONPs, Antimicrobial activity and Antioxidant activity

Modulatory Effect of Whole Flour and Hydroalcoholic Extract of Finger Millet (Elusine coracana) on the Abnormalities Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Hyperlipidemic Diabetic Rats

Abstract- The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of whole flour and hydroalcoholic extract of finger millet (Elusine coracana) in high fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin induced metabolic syndrome in rats. The HFD was fed to the rats for a period of 45 days to induce hyperlipidemia. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65mg/kg i.p) in 0.1M citrate buffer pH 4.5. Animals with fasting blood sugar level of 250 mg/dl were considered as hyperlipidemic diabetic rats (HDR) and were selected for the study. The HDR were divided into five groups with six animals in each group and one group of normal animals. The HDR received whole flour and hydroalcoholic extract of Elusine coracana at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for a period of 21 days. Body weight, body mass index, fasting blood sugar level, lipid profile and the level of oxidative stress was measured in animals after the treatment. All treatments significantly decreased body weight, BMI, fasting blood sugar and also improved lipid profile in HDR as compared to the toxicant control. The treatments significantly reduced the level of lipid peroxidation and improved superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione in the pancreas of HDR. Whole flour and hydroalcoholic extract of Elusine coracana at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg caused significant alleviation of the abnormalities of metabolic syndrome in rats. Keywords: Finger millet, High fat diet, Hyperlipidemic diabetic rats, Metabolic syndrome.

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Leaves of Ocimum tenuiflorum

Abstract-The medicinal plants are useful for healing and curing of human diseases. Over 55% of all modern clinical drugs are of natural product origin. The plant, Ocimum tenuiflorum is highly used by the people of whole world specially Indians to cure various disorders because of the presence of phytochemical constituents. Ocimum tenuiflorum plant is known to possess anticancer, antispasmodic, antiviral, insecticide, antiseptic, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antistress, Immunomodulatory, hypotensive and antioxidant properties. The present study reveals that various secondary metabolites such as glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, antraquenone , fats and oils and steroids are present in different leaf extract of the plant. Keywords: Ocimum tenuiflorum , secondary metabolites, clinical drug

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential oil from Scales of Moroccan Juniperus phoenicea

Abstract-The essential oil of Juniperus phoenicea was obtained by hydrodistillation method using a Clevenger-type apparatus with a yield of 1.9 % and was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Twelve volatile compounds were identified representing 99,85% of the total oil composition, while the α-pinene (78,31%), β-Myrcene (11,92%) and limonene (3,96%) were the major compounds. This essential oil was evaluated as an antibacterial and antifungal agent. The result showed that the oil presents a high biological activity as an antibacterial agent against the three tested strains Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginos. It's also active as an antifungal agent against the Candida albicans with a zone inhibition of 28 mm. Keywords: Medicinal plant, Juniperus, phoenicea, Essential oil, Chemical composition, Antimicrobial activity.

Antibacterial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis and Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oils Against Selected Poultry Pathogenic Bacteria

Abstract- Poultry is the host of many species of bacteria and the intestine is the privileged place of their colonization and their persistence. These bacteria are the cause of several cases of food poisoning in humans through the consumption of eggs or soiled chicken meat. In addition, these bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics that are adjusted to poultry feed as growth promoters. Essential oils are considered as important secondary metabolites for plant defense by their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. These essential oils may be considered as a source of natural antimicrobials for the conservation of poultry food. The aim of our study is to isolate and identify bacterial strains isolated from poultry and to determine the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Rosmarinus officinalis and Lavandula angustifolia essential oils on these bacterial strains.Essential oils of Moroccan Rosmarinus officinalis and Lavandula angustifolia were extracted by hydrodistillation. The identification of their chemical composition are performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial activity of extracted essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli and Salmonella entiritidis was evaluated by aromatogram test and Microdilution in a liquid medium. The identification of strains are performed by several test: Gram staining, Kligler test, Catalase test, test Mobility and Api Gallery 20E. The results show that essential oils tested have a considerable antibacterial activity against all isolated bacterial strains. Keywords: Poultry feed, Essential oils, Bacterial strains, Antibiotic resistance, Antimicrobial activity.

Design Development and Characterization of Mannosylated Carbon Nanotubes

- The proposed study was aimed at developing and exploring the efficiency of novel mannosylated MWCNTs. For selective drug delivery to alveolar macrophages, Paclitaxel was selected for incorporation into mannosylated MWCNTs based on its anticancer activity. Hopefully, this delivery system could be safely administered through i.v. route. We expect that this approach will improve management of drug therapy in cancer patients by delivering the drug at controlled rate for prolonged period of time at a desired site. The drug was found to be white to offwhite, crystalline powder that was similar in physical appearance as mentioned in I.P. 1996. Melting point of Paclitaxel was near to reported value. Solubility of the drug in different solvents at ambient temperature depicted its solubility in methanol, ethanol, acetone, dimethylsulphoxide and chloroform, while insoluble in distilled and PBS (pH 7.4). Drug entrapment efficiency of Paclitaxel loaded mannosylated MWCNTs was found to be increased. Keywords: Paclitaxel, Mannosylated MWCNTs, Anticancer, Solubility

Inhibiting Effect of Moroccan Medicinal Plants on Crystallization of Oxalo-calcic Calculations in vitro

Abstract- The aim of this work is to study the inhibitory effect of some Moroccan medicinal plants: parsley, nettle, oregano and corn beard on the crystallization of oxalocalcium urinary stones under experimental conditions which simu l a t e t h e u ri n a r y e n v ir o nme n t (physiological concentrations in calcium and oxalate, temperature and pH). The experimental tests were followed by the turbidimetric method using UV-Visible Model SP8-400 spectrophotometry, the response of which restores the concentration of calcium oxalate. The results showed that the potassium and magnesium ions which constitute the main elements of these plants compete with the calcium ions in order to combine with the oxalate ions. All the competitive reactions reflecting the affinities of the different ions towards each other contribute to the observed overall inhibition of the crystallization of calcium oxalate. Keywords: Crystallization, Urinary Calculus, Calcium oxalate, Inhibition, Moroccan Medicinal Plants

Evaluation of Central Nervous System Acting Effects of Citrus Peel Essential Oils Extracted Using Enzyme Technology on Rodent Models

Abstract-There is growing evidence of measurable effects of essential oils in animal brains and so more clinical research is required to validate their influence on the human central nervous system. This will enable us to discover essential oil-based drugs for treatment of mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety etc. Several methods have been developed to obtain oil from oil-rich plant materials using aqueous enzymatic methods. By using enzymes to mediate the extraction, it is possible to maintain mild conditions and effect superior extraction. The enzymes such as cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and protease are the most favourable enzymes for degrading the cell wall in oilseeds to loosen oil sacs embedded in the seed structures. Reduced equipment costs and energy consumption are also potentially possible, since oil and protein may be recovered simultaneously Therefore, the present study is proposed on quality and quantity enhancement of essential oils from citrus peel waste through enzymatic intervention and evaluates their effect on the central nervous system in Rodent Models. As an attempt to obtain the essential oil through hydro distillation HD and hydro distillation enzyme assisted HDEA was carried out. Several experiments have been conducted to determine the optimal process parameters for both methods, i.e., substrate to solvent ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time, enzyme loading, and incubation time etc. to Obtain essential oil from citrus peel collected from the local market of Dehradun. Total yield and physical characteristics like specific Gravity, viscosity, refractive index, acid, Saponification, iodine no etc. were compared. Both samples of oil CA-1 and CA-2 were further screened for their effect on Central Nervous System on the rodent model. Result indicated HDEAnot only improved yield but also has sustainably stimulant effect on the central nervous system as compared to HD. Keywords: Essential oil, Enzymes, Central nervons system.