In vivo drug delivery applications of nanogels: a review

Nanomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (27) ◽  
pp. 2707-2727
Author(s):  
Filippo Pinelli ◽  
Óscar Fullana Ortolà ◽  
Pooyan Makvandi ◽  
Giuseppe Perale ◽  
Filippo Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Specific Drug ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
In Vivo Assays ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
External Stimuli

In recent years, nanogels have emerged as promising drug delivery vehicles; their ability in holding active molecules, macromolecules and drugs, together with the capability to respond to external stimuli, makes them a suitable tool for a wide range of applications. These features allow nanogels to be exploited against many challenges of nanomedicine associated with different kinds of pathologies which require the use of specific drug delivery systems. In this review our aim is to give the reader an overview of the diseases that can be treated with nanogels as drug delivery systems, such as cancer, CNS disorders, cardiovascular diseases, wound healing and other diseases of human body. For all of these pathologies, biological in vivo assays can be found in the literature and in this work. We focus on the peculiarities of these nanogels, highlighting their features and their advantages in respect to conventional treatments.

scholarly journals Progress in the Application of Nano- and Micro-based Drug Delivery Systems in Pulmonary Drug Delivery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejoice Thubelihle Ndebele ◽  
Qing Yao ◽  
Yan-Nan Shi ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Zhai ◽  
He-Lin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Pulmonary Drug Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Wide Range

Nanotechnology is associated with the development of particles in the nano-size range that can be used in a wide range of applications in the medical field. It has gained more importance in the pharmaceutical research field particularly in drug delivery, as it results in enhanced therapeutic drug performance, improved drug solubility, targeted drug delivery to the specific sites, minimized side effects, and prolonged drug retention time in the targeted site. To date, the application of nanotechnology continues to offer several benefits in the treatment of various chronic diseases and results in remarkable improvements in treatment outcomes. The use of nano-based delivery systems such as liposomes, micelles, and nanoparticles in pulmonary drug delivery have shown to be a promising strategy in achieving drug deposition and maintained controlled drug release in the lungs. They have been widely used to minimize the risks of drug toxicity in vivo. In this review, recent advances in the application of nano- and micro-based delivery systems in pulmonary drug delivery for the treatment of various pulmonary diseases, such as lung cancer, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are highlighted. Limitations in the application of these drug delivery systems and some key strategies in improving their formulation properties to overcome challenges encountered in drug delivery are also discussed.

Stimuli-responsive Polymeric nanosystems for therapeutic applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Handa ◽  
Ajit Singh ◽  
S.J.S. Flora ◽  
Rahul Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Specific Drug ◽  
Stimuli Responsive

Background: Recent past decades have reported emerging of polymeric nanoparticles as a promising technique for controlled and targeted drug delivery. As nanocarriers, they have high drug loading and delivery to the specific site or targeted cells with an advantage of no drug leakage within en route and unloading of a drug in a sustained fashion at the site. These stimuli-responsive systems are functionalized in dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomal nanoparticles, quantum dots. Purpose of Review: The authors reviewed the potential of smart stimuli-responsive carriers for therapeutic application and their behavior in external or internal stimuli like pH, temperature, redox, light, and magnet. These stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems behave differently in In vitro and In vivo drug release patterns. Stimuli-responsive nanosystems include both hydrophilic and hydrophobic systems. This review highlights the recent development of the physical properties and their application in specific drug delivery. Conclusion: The stimuli (smart, intelligent, programmed) drug delivery systems provide site-specific drug delivery with potential therapy for cancer, neurodegenerative, lifestyle disorders. As development and innovation, the stimuli-responsive based nanocarriers are moving at a fast pace and huge demand for biocompatible and biodegradable responsive polymers for effective and safe delivery.

scholarly journals Near infrared laser-controlled drug release of thermoresponsive microgel encapsulated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (32) ◽  
pp. 19604-19610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofang Qi ◽  
Lu Xiong ◽  
Jing Peng ◽  
Dongyan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Fe3o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
External Stimuli

One major issue in thermosensitive drug delivery systems is the remote, repeatable control of temperature in vivo through external stimuli such as light, ultrasound, and magnetic field.

scholarly journals Hyaluronic Acid/Polylysine Composites for Local Drug Delivery: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Elīza Tračuma ◽  
Dagnija Loca
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Local Drug Delivery ◽  
Gene Engineering ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Bilayer Films ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Smart Drug

Site specific drug delivery systems (DDS) are usually developed to overcome the side effects of conventional ones (e.g. injections or oral ingestions), creating smart drug delivery vehicles characterized with greater efficiency, safety, predictable therapeutic response as well as controlled and prolonged drug release periods. DDS made of hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly-L-lysine (PLL) are promising candidates in the field of local drug delivery due to their high biocompatibility. Moreover, electrostatic attractions between negatively charged HA and positively charged PLL can be used to fabricate multilayer films, bilayer films and hydrogels, avoiding the application of toxic crosslinking agents. In this review, we report the preparation of HA/PLL composites exploiting their intrinsic properties, as well as developed composite application possibilities as controlled drug delivery systems in bone tissue, central nervous system and gene engineering.

scholarly journals Drug Delivery Strategies for Curcumin and Other Natural Nrf2 Modulators of Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2137
Author(s):  
Nina Katarina Grilc ◽  
Matej Sova ◽  
Julijana Kristl
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Wide Range

Oxidative stress is associated with a wide range of diseases characterised by oxidant-mediated disturbances of various signalling pathways and cellular damage. The only effective strategy for the prevention of cellular damage is to limit the production of oxidants and support their efficient removal. The implication of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in the cellular redox status has spurred new interest in the use of its natural modulators (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol). Unfortunately, most natural Nrf2 modulators are poorly soluble and show extensive pre-systemic metabolism, low oral bioavailability, and rapid elimination, which necessitates formulation strategies to circumvent these limitations. This paper provides a brief introduction on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in Nrf2 modulation and an overview of commonly studied formulations for the improvement of oral bioavailability and in vivo pharmacokinetics of Nrf2 modulators. Some formulations that have also been studied in vivo are discussed, including solid dispersions, self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems, and nanotechnology approaches, such as polymeric and solid lipid nanoparticles, nanocrystals, and micelles. Lastly, brief considerations of nano drug delivery systems for the delivery of Nrf2 modulators to the brain, are provided. The literature reviewed shows that the formulations discussed can provide various improvements to the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of natural Nrf2 modulators. This has been demonstrated in animal models and clinical studies, thereby increasing the potential for the translation of natural Nrf2 modulators into clinical practice.

Polymeric micelles as drug delivery vehicles

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (33) ◽  
pp. 17028-17038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaheer Ahmad ◽  
Afzal Shah ◽  
Muhammad Siddiq ◽  
Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Hydrophobic Drugs ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Made In

Though much progress has been made in drug delivery systems, the design of a suitable carrier for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs is still a major challenge for researchers.

scholarly journals Exosomes as Drug Delivery Systems: Endogenous Nanovehicles for Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Ana Ortega ◽  
Olga Martinez-Arroyo ◽  
Maria J. Forner ◽  
Raquel Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Delivery Vehicles

Exosomes, nanometer-sized lipid-bilayer-enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs), have attracted increasing attention due to their inherent ability to shuttle proteins, lipids and genes between cells and their natural affinity to target cells. Their intrinsic features such as stability, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and ability to overcome biological barriers, have prompted interest in using exosomes as drug delivery vehicles, especially for gene therapy. Evidence indicates that exosomes play roles in both immune stimulation and tolerance, regulating immune signaling and inflammation. To date, exosome-based nanocarriers delivering small molecule drugs have been developed to treat many prevalent autoimmune diseases. This review highlights the key features of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles, such as therapeutic cargo, use of targeting peptide, loading method and administration route with a broad focus. In addition, we outline the current state of evidence in the field of exosome-based drug delivery systems in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), evaluating exosomes derived from various cell types and engineered exosomes.

Formulation, Development and Characterization of Floating Beads of Diltiazem Hydrochloride

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamika Saxena Saxena ◽  
Santosh Kitawat ◽  
Kalpesh Gaur ◽  
Virendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Formulation Development

The main goal of any drug delivery system is to achieve desired concentration of the drug in blood or tissue, which is therapeutically effective and nontoxic for a prolonged period. Various attempts have been made to develop gastroretentive delivery systems such as high density system, swelling, floating system. The recent developments of FDDS including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention, approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are covered in detail. Gastric emptying is a complex process and makes in vivo performance of the drug delivery systems uncertain. In order to avoid this variability, efforts have been made to increase the retention time of the drug-delivery systems for more than 12 hours. The floating or hydrodynamically controlled drug delivery systems are useful in such application. Background of the research: Diltiazem HCL (DTZ), has short biological half life of 3-4 h, requires rather high frequency of administration. Due to repeated administration there may be chances of patient incompliance and toxicity problems. Objective: The objective of study was to develop sustained release alginate beads of DTZ for reduction in dosing frequency, high bioavailability and better patient compliance. Methodology: Five formulations prepared by using different drug to polymer ratios, were evaluated for relevant parameters and compared. Alginate beads were prepared by ionotropic external gelation technique using CaCl2 as cross linking agent. Prepared beads were evaluated for % yield, entrapment efficiency, swelling index in 0.1N HCL, drug release study and SEM analysis. In order to improve %EE and drug release, LMP and sunflower oil were used as copolymers along with sodium alginate.

Novel Phospholipid-Based Labrasol Nanomicelles Loaded Flavonoids for Oral Delivery with Enhanced Penetration and Anti-Brain Tumor Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-245
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Junjie Wang ◽  
Rui Guan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Safe Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
The Brain

Background: Owing to the rich anticancer properties of flavonoids, there is a need for their incorporation into drug delivery vehicles like nanomicelles for safe delivery of the drug into the brain tumor microenvironment. Objective: This study, therefore, aimed to prepare the phospholipid-based Labrasol/Pluronic F68 modified nano micelles loaded with flavonoids (Nano-flavonoids) for the delivery of the drug to the target brain tumor. Methods: Myricetin, quercetin and fisetin were selected as the initial drugs to evaluate the biodistribution and acute toxicity of the drug delivery vehicles in rats with implanted C6 glioma tumors after oral administration, while the uptake, retention, release in human intestinal Caco-2 cells and the effect on the brain endothelial barrier were investigated in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HBMECs). Results: The results demonstrated that nano-flavonoids loaded with myricetin showed more evenly distributed targeting tissues and enhanced anti-tumor efficiency in vivo without significant cytotoxicity to Caco-2 cells and alteration in the Trans Epithelial Electric Resistance (TEER). There was no pathological evidence of renal, hepatic or other organs dysfunction after the administration of nanoflavonoids, which showed no significant influence on cytotoxicity to Caco-2 cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, Labrasol/F68-NMs loaded with MYR and quercetin could enhance antiglioma effect in vitro and in vivo, which may be better tools for medical therapy, while the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nano-flavonoids may ensure optimal therapeutic benefits.

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