scholarly journals Changes in Maternal Weight 5–10 Years after a First Delivery

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Britz ◽  
Kelly C McDermott ◽  
Christopher B Pierce ◽  
Joan L Blomquist ◽  
Victoria L Handa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Education History ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Aim: The objective of this study was to identify maternal, obstetrical and reproductive factors associated with long-term changes in maternal weight after delivery. Materials & methods: Participants were enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study of maternal health 5–10 years after childbirth. Data were obtained from obstetrical records and a self-administered questionnaire. Weight at the time of first delivery (5–10 years prior) was obtained retrospectively and each woman's weight at the time of her first delivery was compared with her current weight. Results: Among 948 women, obesity was associated with race, parity, education, history of diabetes and history of cesarean at the time of first delivery. On average, the difference between weight at the time of first delivery and weight 5–10 years later was −11 kg (11 kg weight loss). In a multivariate model, black race and diabetes were associated with significantly less weight loss. Cesarean delivery, parity and breastfeeding were not associated with changes in maternal weight. Conclusion: Black women and those with a history of diabetes may be appropriate targets for interventions that promote a long-term healthy weight after childbirth.

The productivity of breeding ewes grazing on lucerne or grass and clover pastures on the tablelands of Southern Australia. III. Lamb mortality and weaning percentage

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Probability Of Death ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stocking Rates

Weaning percentage and perinatal mortality of lambs born in late winter or early spring to Merino and Border Leicester x Merino ewes grazing at several stocking rates on lucerne or phalaris-clover pastures were measured over 2 years. Weaning percentages for mature crossbred ewes declined linearly from 136 lambs per 100 ewes joined when stocked at 9 ha-1 to 100 for those at 18 ha-1. For mature Merino ewes, the values were 109 and 70 respectively. Weaning percentages were similar on lucerne and phalaris pastures, although 8% more lambs were born to ewes grazing on phalaris; higher mortality in lambs born as multiples eliminated the difference. Death from exposure during the first 3 days of life was the most important cause of lamb losses. For lambs born as singles to Merino ewes the probability of death from exposure was up to 0.4, and reached 0.6 for lambs born as multiples. For single and multiple lambs born to crossbred ewes equivalent probabilities were 0.25 and 0.4 respectively. These probabilities were reduced if maternal weight was high at lambing, the reduction being of practical significance in very cold weather, particularly if the proportion of multiple births was high. Under mild conditions, where the probability of death from exposure was low, reductions in mortality from high ewe weight at lambing were of little consequence. Long-term weather records kept at the experimental site near Canberra show that a high risk of death in new-born lambs is likely from early June to mid-September. Throughout this period deaths from exposure could be expected to exceed 30% in lambs born as multiples to Merino ewes.

scholarly journals Post-glacial acidification of two alpine lakes (Sudetes Mts., SW Poland), as inferred from diatom analyses

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Elwira Sienkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Mountain Lakes ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Past environmental changes in mountain lakes can be reconstructed with the use of subfossil diatoms from post-glacial sediments. This study applied such an analysis to two mountain lakes in the Sudetes Mts. in Poland: Mały Staw (MS) and Wielki Staw (WS). Cores 882 cm long (MS) and 1100 cm long (WS) taken from the centre of each lake in 1982 were used to study the long-term acidification history of these lakes. Changes in vegetation indicate that the initial phase of MS started at the end of the Pleistocene. WS sediments began to accumulate shortly after that, at the beginning of the Holocene. The majority of the diatom assemblages are typical of oligotrophic acidic lakes located in alpine and arctic regions. A pH reconstruction based on diatoms (DI-pH) showed long-term acidification dating to almost the beginning of the lakes’ existence. Natural acidification began after the deglaciation, and the most intensive acidification continued to the end of the mid-Holocene. Through the whole period studied, pH decreased by 1.4 in MS and 0.9 in WS. After a period of relatively stable lake water pH, it decreased rapidly during the last few decades of the 20th century, due to anthropogenic pollution: pH declined by 0.7 in MS and 0.3 in WS. Mały Staw, being shallower, smaller, and with a larger drainage basin than Wielki Staw, is more sensitive to acid deposition; this accounts for the difference in pH.

scholarly journals Weight Loss Barriers and Dietary Quality of Intermittent and Continuous Dieters in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10243
Author(s):  
Kristy L. Gray ◽  
Peter M. Clifton ◽  
Jennifer B. Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Weight-loss after gestational diabetes (GDM) lowers the risk of type-2 diabetes (T2DM). Intermittent energy restriction (IER) produces comparable weight-loss to continuous energy restriction (CER), but long-term adherence remains difficult in this population. This exploratory secondary analysis of a 12-month trial comparing IER to CER following GDM examined weight-loss and dietary quality associated with barriers to weight-loss or T2DM risk perception as assessed in a Likert scale questionnaire at baseline. The participants had a median (IQR) BMI of 32.6 (9.4) kg/m2 and 3 (4) years postpartum (n = 121). Forty-five percent (n = 54) of the participants thought they were at a high risk of developing T2DM. Greater affordability of healthy food was related with greater weight-loss at 3 months (p = 0.044, n = 85). At 12 months, there was no significant relationship between weight-loss and the barriers to weight-loss (p > 0.05). CER had superior improvement in dietary quality at 12 months (CER 11 ± 10, IER 6 ± 5.6, n = 42, p = 0.05). Under the Theoretical Domains Framework, the barriers were predominantly related to behavioral regulation (n = 83, 69%; n = 76, 63%) and environmental context and resources (n = 67, 56%). Interventions for diabetes prevention in this population should include behavioral regulation strategies, consider the family home environment, and ensure that the risk of T2DM is conveyed. Women choosing IER may benefit from education to improve their dietary quality.

scholarly journals The Effects of If-Then Plans on Weight Loss: Results of the 24-Month Follow-up of the McGill CHIP Healthy Weight Program Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbel Knauper ◽  
huma shireen ◽  
Kimberly Carriere ◽  
Mallory Frayn ◽  
Elena Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Diabetes Prevention Program ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract Background: The NIH-developed Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is successful in achieving clinically significant weight loss in individuals with overweight/obesity when delivered one-on-one. However, due to high cost of implementation, the long-term effectiveness remains limited. In response, a group-based version of the program, called the National DPP, was developed. The average weight loss following participation in this program was only about 3.5% with low long-term weight loss maintenance. Purpose: We aimed to optimize weight loss outcomes of the National DPP by integrating the habit formation tool of if-then plans into the program. Results at 3 and 12 months of participation showed no between-group differences between standard and enhanced DPP but higher weight loss in both groups compared to the National DPP. This paper reports the long-term weight loss maintenance data following participation in the program. Methods: Of the 172 participants enrolled at the beginning of the study, data from 110 participants was available and analyzed at 24 months, i.e. 12 months following the end of the 12-month intervention. Results: No between-group difference in weight loss maintenance was seen. Pooled results showed a significant weight regain from 12 to 24 months, i.e. an average of 7.85lbs of the 20.36lbs lost. However, participants from both groups were still 12.51lbs or 6.13% lighter at 24 months than at baseline. Conclusion: If-then plans did not result in a higher percentage of weight loss at 24-month follow-up. However, at 24 months, both groups maintained a significant portion of the weight lost at the end of intervention.

Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance on a Nutrient-Dense, Plant-Rich (NDPR) Diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deana M Ferreri ◽  
Joel Fuhrman ◽  
Michael D. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Health Goal ◽  
Public Health Goal ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Lower Adherence

Background: Obesity increases risk of diabetes, heart disease and cancer; a healthy weight reduces these risks, however weight loss efforts are prone to failure. Developing methods to promote weight loss maintenance is an important public health goal. We report on weight loss maintenance in individuals who followed a nutrient-dense, plant-rich (NDPR) diet. NDPR guidelines focus on increasing micronutrient density and avoidance of processed, highly palatable foods. Methods: Patients of a private family medical practice and members of a NDPR diet internet community (2273) completed an online survey providing information on length of time following a NDPR diet and body weight at several time points. Results: In respondents with pre-diet BMI ≥ 25 who had been following a NDPR diet for at least 2 years, those who reported adhering to NDPR guidelines in at least 80% of meals lost significantly more weight than those reporting lower adherence. Weight lost during year 1 was maintained at 2 and 3 years, and in respondents with initial BMI in the obese range (≥ 30), those losses were significantly greater in respondents who reported at least 80% adherence compared to 50-79% (56 lb. vs. 34 lb.) at 3 years. Between 1 year and 3 years, a low rate (19%) of weight regain ( ≥ 5 lb.) was reported among respondents 80-100% adherent to NDPR guidelines. Conclusions: Weight loss and maintenance for a period of 3 years was observed in this self-selected group, and respondents who reported 80-100% adherence lost significantly more weight than those who reported 50-79% adherence to NDPR guidelines. Individuals achieved substantially greater weight loss than that commonly observed in weight loss intervention studies. An intervention study, which would provide further insight into the influence of the NDPR guidelines on weight loss and maintenance, is warranted.

Correlation of cognitive disorders and catecholamine excretion in anorexia nervosa

2021 ◽  
pp. 675-681
Author(s):  
Marina Stanislavovna Artemieva Marina Stanislavovna Artemieva ◽  
Boris Dmitrievich Tsygankov ◽  
Roman Aleksandrovich Suleymanov ◽  
Ivan Evgenievich Danilin ◽  
Aleksandr Romanovich Arseniev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Medical Psychology ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mental Performance ◽  
Catecholamine Excretion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Prolonged Abstinence

The article presents the analysis of correlation and dynamics of clinical and psychophysiological characteristics of the long-term effects of long-lasting abstinence from food on the example of 500 women with anorexia nervosa (AN), who applied for help to the Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, FSAEI HE Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia in 1989-2017. The adverse effects of prolonged abstinence from food are shown; the indicators of catecholamine excretion (dopamine, adrenaline, norepinephrine), encephalography data, mental performance and memory of those examined at various stages of AN weight loss and gain were studied. The difference in the excretion of catecholamines in AN and psychogenic vomiting, which can be used for differential diagnosis, was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Experience (Mostly Negative) with the Use of Sympathomimetic Agents for Weight Loss

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Inchiosa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Toxicity ◽  
Sympathomimetic Drug ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Sympathomimetic agents have a poor history of long-term success in the treatment of obesity. From earlier experiences with amphetamine and its analogs, to more recent drugs with direct effects on adrenergic receptors or indirect effects from release of catecholamines or inhibition of reuptake, cardiovascular toxicity (strokes and cardiac arrhythmias) has been the major concern. These concerns also extended to food supplements containing ephedra alkaloids and may require consideration for current supplements containing the sympathomimetic drug, synephrine.

Breastfeeding in Women Having Experienced Childhood Sexual Abuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanze Elfgen ◽  
Niels Hagenbuch ◽  
Gisela Görres ◽  
Emina Block ◽  
Brigitte Leeners
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mother Child Relationship ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) can have a serious effect on general and obstetric health. Breastfeeding includes several triggers for memories of abuse experiences, which will likely influence decisions about breastfeeding and its implementation in daily life. This is important since breastfeeding improves maternal well-being and bonding with the child. Research aim: As breastfeeding strongly influences the long-term health of children, we investigated experiences with breastfeeding in women with a history of CSA. Methods: Data on breastfeeding were collected within a research project designed to compare labor and delivery experiences in women with a history of CSA to women without such antecedents. Data from 85 women having experienced CSA and 170 controls pair-matched for maternal age, children’s age, and nationality were evaluated. The clinical record of pregnancy and a self-administered questionnaire were used to collect data. Results: Although the prevalence of breastfeeding was similar in women with and without CSA experiences (96.5% vs. 90.6%), women exposed to CSA more often described complications associated with breastfeeding (77.7% vs. 67.1%, p = .08). Mastitis (49.4% vs. 27.6%, p < .01) and pain (29.4% vs. 18.8%, p = .15) were reported significantly more often by women after CSA. For 20% of women after CSA, breastfeeding was a trigger for memories of CSA. Furthermore, 58% of women with CSA reported dissociation when breastfeeding. Conclusion: In addition to the growing list of potential health consequences of CSA experience, this experience seems to be associated with an increased number of problems when breastfeeding. However, most women with a history of CSA intend to breastfeed despite particular challenges related to CSA. A support protocol tailored to the specific needs of these women during pregnancy and the lactation period may help to improve breastfeeding and the early mother–child relationship.

scholarly journals Sex Moderates Treatment Effects of Integrated Collaborative Care for Comorbid Obesity and Depression: The RAINBOW RCT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Lv ◽  
Lan Xiao ◽  
Lisa G Rosas ◽  
Elizabeth M Venditti ◽  
Joshua M Smyth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Collaborative Care ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract Background Sex influences health and related behaviors due to biological and psychosocial/socioeconomic factors. Assessing sex-specific responses to integrated treatment for comorbid obesity and depression could inform intervention targeting. Purpose To test (a) whether sex moderates the effects of integrated collaborative care on weight and depression outcomes through 24 months and (b) whether treatment response at 6 months predicts 12 and 24 month outcomes by sex. Methods Secondary data analyses on weight and depression severity (SCL-20) measured over 24 months among 409 adults with obesity and depression in the Research Aimed at Improving Both Mood and Weight trial. Results Men achieved significantly greater weight reductions in intervention versus usual care than women, whereas women achieved significantly greater percentage reductions in SCL-20 than men at both 12 and 24 months. In logistic models, at 80% specificity for correctly identifying participants not achieving clinically significant long-term outcomes, women who lost &lt;3.0% weight and men who lost &lt;4.1% weight at 6 months had ≥84% probability of not meeting 5% weight loss at 24 months. Similarly, at 80% specificity, women who reduced SCL-20 by &lt;39.5% and men who reduced by &lt;53.0% at 6 months had ≥82% probability of not meeting 50% decrease in SCL-20 at 24 months. Conclusions Sex modified the integrated treatment effects for obesity and depression. Sex-specific responses at 6 months predicted clinically significant weight loss and depression outcomes through 24 months. Based on early responses, interventions may need to be tailored to address sex-specific barriers and facilitators to achieving healthy weight and depression outcomes at later time points. Clinical Trial Registration NCT02246413 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02246413).

scholarly journals Klossiella equiInfection in an Immunosuppressed Horse: Evidence of Long-Term Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lora R. Ballweber ◽  
Deanna Dailey ◽  
Gabriele Landolt
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Coccidian Parasite ◽  
Quarter Horse ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Improvement

A 13-year-old quarter horse gelding presented with a history of hematuria of approximately 1-year duration, anemia, weight loss over the previous six months, and bilateral nasal discharge of 2-week duration. It was determined that hematuria was most likely caused by the coccidian parasiteKlossiella equi. Additional case workup suggested a diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Confirmatory testing was declined by the owners and the horse was discharged on medical therapy. Despite initial improvement after discharge, the horse developed unresolving sinusitis approximately 1 year later and was euthanized. Necropsy confirmed the presence of an adenoma of the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland, supporting the initial diagnosis. Additional findings included multiple developmental stages ofK. equipresent in the kidneys. This finding demonstrates infections withK. equican be chronic in nature and supports the association of increased severity of klossiellosis and impaired immune function.

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