Social Problems as Constructs of Social Reality

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Reality

Teacher Expectations and Self-Fulfilling Prophecies: Knowns and Unknowns, Resolved and Unresolved Controversies

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Jussim ◽  
Kent D. Harber
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Teacher Expectations ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Erroneous Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

This article shows that 35 years of empirical research on teacher expectations justifies the following conclusions: (a) Self-fulfilling prophecies in the classroom do occur, but these effects are typically small, they do not accumulate greatly across perceivers or over time, and they may be more likely to dissipate than accumulate; (b) powerful self-fulfilling prophecies may selectively occur among students from stigmatized social groups; (c) whether self-fulfilling prophecies affect intelligence, and whether they in general do more harm than good, remains unclear, and (d) teacher expectations may predict student outcomes more because these expectations are accurate than because they are self-fulfilling. Implications for future research, the role of self-fulfilling prophecies in social problems, and perspectives emphasizing the power of erroneous beliefs to create social reality are discussed.

scholarly journals Bangunan Pembentukan Teori Konstruksi Sosial Peter L Berger: Teori Pembedah Realitas Ganda Kehidupan Manusia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurkhalis Nurkhalis
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
High Power ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Social Construction Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Dynamic ◽  
Two Sides

AbstractThis article examines two realities of life experienced by humans in living. These two realities are subjective and objective, both of which have a high power of study when combined. As the development of phenomena or social problems increasingly complex, the presence of Social Construction theory becomes a bridge to see the social situation in the two sides of the subjective and objective. As the sociologists struggle arguing for subjective and objective dominance, the Social Construction theory takes its position as peacemaker by giving portions on both sides that are equally important. Therefore, it is appropriate that the Social Construction theory is categorized into the critical theory of a set of tools closer to the social reality for observing the social dynamic and social static.Keywords: Subjective, Objective, Social Construction theory, Social Dynamic, Social Static

Migration and Alienation

2019 ◽  
pp. 128-141
Author(s):  
Hasan Gürkan
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Power Center ◽  
Center Periphery

This study aims to analyse how immigrants become estranged with each other and their own culture together with migration. The sampling of this study consists of film Nachtreise/Night Traveling, 2002 by Kenan Kılıç. This fictional 63 min.-film focuses on a social reality which is named as alienation. This film shows the immigrants' situation and hopelessness as distinct from the other films (by Umut Dağ and Hüseyin Tabak). The film by Kenan Kılıç presents immigrants' alienation in their post-migration processes and emphasizes the phenomenon of not belonging to their own culture. The film departs from a binary opposition and makes a reference on one hand to people's alienation and their relations, and consequently to the power, center-periphery relations while referring to social problems such as immigration, moving up into a higher class, financial troubles and unemployment on the other hand. It is clearly from this research that as a result of migration, consumerism, technology and the culture generated by a new society, immigrants become estranged with each other and the society.

The Song Is Still a ‘Weapon’: The Portuguese Identity in Times of Crises

Young ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-31
Author(s):  
Paula Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Intervention ◽  
Heuristic Principle

This article examines a set of Portuguese songs that ‘sing’ the economic, financial and social crises in Portugal in the post-2008 period. This work underlies a heuristic principle: to demonstrate how artistic manifestations—in this case, the songs in several (sub-)genres of popular music—are themselves a means and an object of social intervention, demarcating a specific, defined space in the acknowledgment and revelation of social problems, and in the contestation, deconstruction and accusation of problems that deal with social reality. We demonstrate that these songs seek to denounce and sometimes incite social change with the aim of creating transformation. They are therefore signs of a specific space—identity producers—and not just an echo of social reality. Insurgent songs instigate readings, narratives and deconstructions of reality, and they are simultaneously significant elements of a collective identity.

scholarly journals CORAK PEMBARUAN PEMIKIRAN HUKUM ISLAM DALAM KONSEP “FIQH SOSIAL” K.H SAHAL MAHFUDH

Asy-Syari ah ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Fauzi Nazar
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Science ◽  
Style Of Thought ◽  
Applied Epistemology

Abstract: The social fiqh K.H Sahal Mahfudh is a thought that was born from pesantren tradition. Social fiqh in fact is projected to redesign the stagnated fiqh in pesantren with the nuances of madzhabi fiqh which are considered less responsive to social problems, and to counter-discourse a "going too far" Islamic law contextuality. This paper will examine the Islamic legal thought of K.H Sahal Mahfudh social fiqh regarding the applied epistemology and style of thought. Thepurposes of this research are to obtain the clarity on the concept of K.H Sahal Mahfudh’s Islamic legal paradigm including its background of thought and epistemology. Supported by library research, the gathered information was analyzed with the hermeneutic approachThis research found that the KH Sahal Mahfudh’s  Islamic legal thought is built from two interrelated epistemological reasoning. Firstly, Bayani reasoning which favors textuality. Secondly, Burhani reasoning as the rationality of two school of thoughts, namely Syafi'iyyah and Maliki. K.H Sahal Mahfudh tried to reconcile the authenticity of the text with social reality by extensifying fiqh, elaborating the traditions of Islamic science (fiqh and ushul fiqh) using maqashid reasoning.Abstrak: Fiqh sosial pemikiran K.H Sahal Mahfudh merupakan pemikiran yang lahir dari khazanah tradisi pesantren. Fiqh sosial nyatanya memiliki proyeksi menggagas ulang kejumudan fiqh di kalangan pesantren dengan nuansa fiqh madzhabi yang dianggap kurang begitu menjawab permasalahan sosial. Sekaligus counter-discourse proyeksi kontekstualisasi hukum Islam yang “kebablasan.” Tulisan ini bertujuan meneliti pemikiran hukum Islam Fiqh Sosial K.H Sahal Mahfudh berkenaan epis­temologi dan corak pemikiran yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan: mendapat­kan kejelasan konsep paradigma hukum Islam K.H Sahal Mahfudh; mengetahui gagasan konsepsi fiqh sosial K.H Sahal Mahfudh; mengetahui latar belakang pemikiran dan epistemologi K.H Sahal Mahfudh. Metodologi yang digunakan antara lain: pengumpulan data dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research); analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisa data kualitatif dengan analisa data deskriptif interpretatif, yang bertumpu pada titik tolak hermeneutik, Sebuah cara pendekatan yang melihat secara tajam latar belakang obyek penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa corak pemikiran hukum Islam K.H Sahal Mahfudh terbangun dari dua nalar epistemologi yang saling berkaitan yakni nalar Bayani yang berpihak pada tekstualitas dan Burhani dengan sisi rasionalitas dari dua kubu pemikiran antara Imam Syafi’i beserta para pengikutnya (Syafi’iyyah) dan Imam As-Syatibi (yang berhaluan Maliki). K.H Sahal Mahfudh mencoba mendamaikan otentisitas teks dengan realitas sosial dengan cara melakukan ekstensifikasi fiqh, yakni mengelaborasikan tradisi ilmu keislaman (fiqh dan ushul fiqh) menggunakan nalar maqashid.

scholarly journals SOSIO-KULTURAL TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN MELAYU NUSANTARA : KAJIAN ATAS TAFSIR AL-AZHAR KARYA HAMKA

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-234
Author(s):  
Halimatussa'diyah Halimatussa'diyah ◽  
Apriyanti Apriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social

This article aims to show the importance of the socio-cultural approach in interpreting the Qur'an. Here, an exegete seeks to produce interpretive products through a thorough understanding of the texts of the Qur'an, then explains the intended meanings and seeks to relate the texts of the Qur'an with social reality and culture context in society. Hamka's Tafsir al-Azhar was chosen because the interpretation of al-Azhar was a popular interpretation in the third period in the development of interpretations in Indonesia. Al-Azhar's interpretation which is patterned  with al-adabiy al-ijtima'iy approach, explains the social problems of society. The problems studied are women's leadership issues, inheritance and hijab. Hamka's interpretation of women's leadership is that men become leaders of women because men have the obligation to pay dowry to women. and also to treat his wife well. All of this shows that men are indeed leaders of women. The leadership comes from men instinct, while women have an instinct to be led. However, it is possible for women to become leaders if women have advantages over men. Men get twice the share of women in the distribution of inheritance because men's responsibility is heavier than women in property. Hamka does not view this inheritance difference from the physical aspects of women, but rather looks at the responsibilities given to men. The obligation of women to cover their genitals is to protect the honor of women and avoid mistreatment from other parties. Efforts to form a community of believers and morality are not only aimed at women, but also assigned to men.

scholarly journals NASIONALISME DALAM BINGKAI KRITIK SOSIAL: KAJIAN SOSIO-PRAGMATIK TERHADAP PUISI INDONESIA MODERN

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Novi Siti Kussuji Indrastuti
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Criticism ◽  
Educational Medium ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Kajian ini bertujuan menemukan bentuk-bentuk kritik sosial yang mengekspresikan nasionalisme dan mengungkapkan relasi antara bentuk-bentuk kritik sosial dan nasionalisme. Puisi sebagai salah satu jenis sastra juga merefleksikan masalah sosial yang terjadi dalam masyarakat. Puisi tidak dapat dipisahkan dari realitas sosial. Respons penyair terhadap realitas sosial yang mengandung ketimpangan, ketidakadilan, dan permasalahan sosial dalam masyarakat disampaikan dalam bentuk kritik sosial yang terefleksi melalui karya-karyanya. Puisi menyatakan kritik sosial yang mengandung nasio-nalisme secara tidak langsung. Dengan demikian, puisi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media edukasi, khususnya sebagai sarana untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai nasionalisme. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam kajian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosio-pragmatik. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan adanya bentuk-bentuk kritik sosial yang mengekspresikan nasionalisme, antara lain nasionalisme dalam kritik terhadap masalah ekonomi, politik, pendidikan, moral, dan lingkungan. Relasi antara bentuk-bentuk kritik sosial dan nasionalisme menunjukkan bahwa kritik sosial, baik dalam bidang ekonomi, politik, pendidikan, moral, maupun lingkungan, dipergunakan sebagai media untuk menyampaikan nasionalisme.Kata Kunci: nasionalisme; kritik sosial; sosio-pragmatik; puisi This study discusses finding forms of social criticism that invite nationalism and reveal the relationship between forms of social criticism and nationalism. Poetry as a genre of literature also reflects the social problems. Poetry cannot be removed from social reality. The poet's response to the social reality that contains inequality, injustice, and social conflict is conveyed in the form of social criticism reflected through poetry. Poetry about social criticism contained a sense of nationalism. It gave rise to nationalism in the quotations implicitly. Thus, poetry can be used as an educational medium, specifically as a means to instill nationalism values. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative using socio-pragmatics approach. The result of this study showed there are poetry contained a form of social criticism that reflect nationalism, including nationalism in criticizing problems of economic problems, politic, education, moral, and environmental. The relation between forms of social criticism and nationalism shows that social criticism, both in the fields of economics, politics, education, morals, and the environment, is used as a medium to convey nationalism.  Keywords: nationalism; social critics; socio-pragmatics; poetry 

Migration and Alienation

2017 ◽  
pp. 205-218
Author(s):  
Hasan Gürkan
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Power Center ◽  
Center Periphery

This study aims to analyse how immigrants become estranged with each other and their own culture together with migration. The sampling of this study consists of film Nachtreise/Night Traveling, 2002 by Kenan Kiliç. This fictional 63 min.-film focuses on a social reality which is named as alienation. This film shows the immigrants' situation and hopelessness as distinct from the other films (by Umut Dag and Hüseyin Tabak). The film by Kenan Kiliç presents immigrants' alienation in their post-migration processes and emphasizes the phenomenon of not belonging to their own culture. The film departs from a binary opposition and makes a reference on one hand to people's alienation and their relations, and consequently to the power, center-periphery relations while referring to social problems such as immigration, moving up into a higher class, financial troubles and unemployment on the other hand. It is clearly from this research that as a result of migration, consumerism, technology and the culture generated by a new society, immigrants become estranged with each other and the society.

Constructing Fictions of an Essential Reality or 'This Picksur Is Niiiice': Judith Thompson's Lion in the Streets

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Jennifer Harvie
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stage Play ◽  
A Current ◽  
The Way

Examining Judith Thompson's most recent stage play, Lion in the Streets, this paper treats the play first as aunified realist text which refers to a 'knowable' reality and second, as a text which foregrounds its own construction and problematizes a perception of reality as essential and static. The first approach posits the play as a mimetic representation of a current social reality and reads the play to identify some contemporary social problems, particularly problems of oppression related to perceived social differences. The second approach reads the play as discursively produced text and examines the way the play supports an understanding of all apparent realities as fiction. The second approach problematizes the stability of perceived realities, encouraging us to view problems identified in the first reading as not intractable but subject to change. In combining these two approaches I hope to show that they may be seen as compatible, as well as politically expedient, when what appears to be an 'essential' reality is considered within an anti-essentialist framework as a necessary but provisional fiction.

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