scholarly journals PERFECTIONISM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE REVISED REINFORCEMENT SENSITIVITY THEORY

2021 ◽  
pp. 039
Author(s):  
Kristina Ranđelovic ◽  
Snežana Stojiljković
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition System

The main goal of this research was to examine the role of personality traits in predicting the two aspects of perfectionism – maladaptive evaluation concerns and positive strivings. Personality traits were postulated by the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, while the dimensions of perfectionism were defined by the Model of Perfectionism developed by Frost et al. The sample consisted of 299 students of the Faculty of Philosophy in Niš (79.3% were female), aged 19 to 29 years (M = 20.34; SD = 1.83). The instruments used were: the Reinforcement Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ), and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS). The main takeaways of this research indicate that the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) is the strongest and positive correlate of maladaptive evaluation concerns, followed by Freeze and Fight. Unlike personality defence systems, the Behavioural Approach System (BAS) shows a negative correlation with the abovementioned criterion. The total percentage of explained variance for maladaptive evaluation concerns is 23%. When positive strivings are used as the criterion, BAS is seen as a positive correlate only in the first step of the hierarchical regression analysis. However, Flight and Fight represent consistent and positive correlates of this criterion. The total percentage of explained variance for positive strivings is 6.9%. The findings are consistent with the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and available empirical findings from previous studies. Moreover, the results indicate that in the context of the abovementioned personality theory, maladaptive evaluation concerns and positive strivings can be understood as maladaptive forms of perfectionism, which deviates from previous understandings of perfectionism.

A Comparison of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Measures: Unique Associations With Social Interaction Anxiety and Social Observation Anxiety

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam L. Kramer ◽  
Benjamin F. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Social Interaction Anxiety ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
Social Observation ◽  
Freeze System ◽  
Interaction Anxiety

Evidence suggests that the behavior inhibition system (BIS) and fight-flight-freeze system play a role in the individual differences seen in social anxiety disorder; however, findings concerning the role of the behavior approach system (BAS) have been mixed. To date, the role of revised reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) subsystems underlying social anxiety has been measured with scales designed for the original RST. This study examined how the BIS, BAS, and fight, flight, freeze components of the fight-flight-freeze system uniquely relate to social interaction anxiety and social observation anxiety using both a measure specifically designed for the revised RST and a commonly used original RST measure. Comparison of regression analyses with the Jackson-5 and the commonly used BIS/BAS Scales revealed important differences in the relationships between RST subsystems and social anxiety depending on how RST was assessed. Limitations and future directions for revised RST measurement are discussed.

scholarly journals Nicotine Dependence Severity and Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory: Assessing the Mediating Role of Risky Decision Making Using Path Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 30278.1-30278.10
Author(s):  
Kiomars Cheraghi ◽  
◽  
Morad Rasouli-Azad ◽  
Hamid Reza Banafshe ◽  
Ali Yoonessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Gray’s revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (r-RST) is a neuropsychological explanation of personality that has been broadly used in substance use disorders. Although the Behavioral Approach System (BAS) is strongly related to nicotine dependence, findings in Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) are controversial and there is little information about the role of the Fight/Flight/Freeze System (FFFS) in nicotine dependence. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the mediating role of Risky Decision Making (RDM) in this relationship to clarify the controversy and fill the gap. Methods: The final sample of this correlation study comprised of 347 university students (age, Mean±SD 23.2±6.7) who completed two self-report measures, including the Fagerstrom Test For Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Jackson-5 questionnaire of r-RST, and a computerized Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to measure RDM. Pearson correlation and a path analysis framework were used to determine the simple, direct, and indirect effects of r-RST systems on nicotine dependence severity through RDM. Results: Using Amos, path analyses demonstrated significant direct and indirect effects of BAS and FFFS/BIS on tobacco use. Also, the relationship between BAS/FFFS/BIS and tobacco use was shown to be mediated by RDM. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that the relationship among BAS /FFFS/BIS and tobacco use can be partly explained using maladaptive RDM strategies, suggesting that decreasing reliance on decision-making in risky situations, while increasing the use of decision-making skills educations in risky situations, and increasing the use of alternative sensation and fun seeking by smoking and emotion regulation and mindfulness-based therapies

scholarly journals Social anxiety and rumination in the context of the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory and the mediation model of social anxiety

Psihologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 34-34
Author(s):  
Kristina Randjelovic ◽  
Nikola Cirovic
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition ◽  
Thought Style ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between temperament, ruminative thought style and social anxiety using latent variable modeling. Before examining the integrated model that specifies the relations between the constructs, relevant measurement issues were examined. The study was conducted on a heterogeneous sample from the general population that included 1,029 participants (62.1% female) aged 19 to 79. The findings show that the Behavioural Inhibition System is the most important vulnerability factor for the development of social anxiety, and it has both a direct effect and an indirect one through the ruminative thought style. Also, Freeze has an additional contribution to the increased experience of social anxiety. The Behavioural Approach System has complex effects on social anxiety - with a direct protective effect, and indirectly - with a facilitation of the ruminative thought style. Thus, BAS can also act as a risk factor. The findings support the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and provide a basis for the extension of the Kimbrel?s Mediation Model of Social Anxiety

scholarly journals Bridging Classical and Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Research: A Longitudinal Analysis of a Large Population Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela A. Espinoza Oyarce ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Peter Butterworth ◽  
Nicolas Cherbuin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
Theory Research

The reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) proposes that neurobiological systems mediate protective and appetitive behaviours and the functioning of these systems is associated to personality traits. In this manner, the RST is a link between neuroscience, behaviour, and personality. The theory evolved to the present revised version describing three systems: fight-flight-freezing, behavioural approach/activation (BAS), and behavioural inhibition (BIS). However, the most widely available measure of the theory, the BIS/BAS scales, only investigates two systems. Using a large longitudinal community survey, we found that the BIS/BAS scales can be re-structured to investigate the three systems of the theory with a BIS scale, three BAS scales, and a separate fight-flight-freezing system (FFFS) scale. The re-structured scales were age, sex, and longitudinally invariant, and associations with personality and mental health measures followed theoretical expectations and previously published associations. The proposed framework can be used to investigate behavioural choices influencing physical and mental health and bridge historical with contemporary research.

‘Fear’ of Crime: Role of Defensive Personality Factors for Concern About Crime

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Satchell ◽  
Oliver Waddup ◽  
Alison Bacon ◽  
Philip Corr
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
The Relationship

Research into ‘fear of crime’ often interchangeably uses the terms ‘anxiety’, ‘fear’ and ‘worry’. However, neuropsychological and personality research makes a crucial distinction between fear, anxiety and worry. Theoretically, it is likely that anxiety (rumination on the past and worry about the future) rather than fear (i.e., immediate reaction to high intensity threat) is a better predictor of ‘fear’ of crime. We studied the relationship between anxiety, fear and anger (using measures from Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory) and concerns about becoming a victim of crime. We also investigated the relationship between responses to hypothetical threat scenarios and general concerns about crime. In our sample (N = 250), we found, contrary to our predictions, that personality traits related to general fearfulness were predictive of concerns about crime – more so than traits related to anxiety or anger. Responses to hypothetical threat scenarios were predictive of concerns about crime, but less so than trait fear. Overall, our results suggest that it may, after all, be correct to suggest that concerns about becoming a victim of crime are more to do with being afraid than anxious or angry and we discuss the theoretical implications of this effect.

scholarly journals Does behavioural inhibition system dysfunction contribute to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sadeghi ◽  
J. McIntosh ◽  
S. M. Shadli ◽  
D. Healey ◽  
R. Rostami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
Externalising Disorders ◽  
Anxiolytic Drugs ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition System

Abstract The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality has as its main foundation a Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS), defined by anxiolytic drugs, in which high trait sensitivity should lead to internalising, anxiety, disorders. Conversely, it has been suggested that low BIS sensitivity would be a characteristic of externalising disorders. BIS output should lead to increased arousal and attention as well as behavioural inhibition. Here, therefore, we tested whether an externalising disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), involves low BIS sensitivity. Goal-Conflict-Specific Rhythmicity (GCSR) in an auditory Stop Signal Task is a right frontal EEG biomarker of BIS function. We assessed children diagnosed with ADHD-I (inattentive) or ADHD-C (combined) and healthy control groups for GCSR in: a) an initial smaller study in Dunedin, New Zealand (population ~120,000: 15 control, 10 ADHD-I, 10 ADHD-C); and b) a main larger one in Tehran, Iran (population ~9 [city]-16 [metropolis] million: 27 control, 18 ADHD-I, 21 ADHD-C). GCSR was clear in controls (particularly at 6–7 Hz) and in ADHD-C (particularly at 8–9 Hz) but was reduced in ADHD-I. Reduced attention and arousal in ADHD-I could be due, in part, to BIS dysfunction. However, hyperactivity and impulsivity in ADHD-C are unlikely to reflect reduced BIS activity. Increased GCSR frequency in ADHD-C may be due to increased input to the BIS. BIS dysfunction may contribute to some aspects of ADHD (and potentially other externalising disorders) and to some differences between the ADHD subtypes but other prefrontal systems (and, e.g. dopamine) are also important.

Escaping Threat

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Kambouropoulos ◽  
Sarah Egan ◽  
Elodie J. O’Connor ◽  
Petra K. Staiger
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Threat Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
The Relationship

Individuals with a hypersensitivity to threatening stimuli in the environment may be more likely to experience a higher level of social anxiety. According to Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST), there are two important aspects of threat stimuli that influence subsequent emotional and behavioral responses. Specifically, perceptions pertaining to defensive direction and distance are considered critical factors in understanding threat responses. This paper aimed to determine whether threat perceptions mediate the relationship between threat sensitivity and social anxiety. Self-report measures of sensitivity to threat, social anxiety, and a vignette designed to assess threat perceptions were administered to a sample of 218 participants (73% female; M age = 33.75, SD age = 11.52). Data indicated a mediational influence of perceived escapability on the relationship between sensitivity to threat and social anxiety. Overall, these findings highlight the role of perceived escapability of threat in understanding the relationship between threat sensitivity and social anxiety.

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