scholarly journals DERECHOS TERRITORIALES Y PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS EN MÉXICO: UNA LUCHA POR LA SOBERANÍA Y LA NACIÓN

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Martínez Coria ◽  
Jesús Armando Haro Encinas
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Territorial Rights ◽  
The Impact

El planteamiento enfoca la situación que enfrentan los pueblos indígenas de México en relación con los procesos de despojo territorial y desplazamiento forzado de poblaciones por los intereses privados, así como el impacto de estos procesos en la supervivencia de sus comunidades y la continuidad de sus patrimonios bioculturales. Buscamos hacer un recuento de los avances y limitaciones de nuestra legislación en el reconocimiento de sus derechos colectivos territoriales específicos, de acuerdo con los estándares internacionales signados por el Estado mexicano, así como su contraste con la aprobación de reformas neoliberales que atentan contra sus territorios y formas culturales, describiendo la emergencia de movimientos de lucha por la justiciabilidad de sus derechos políticos colectivos y de resistencia contra la corrupción generalizada de funcionarios y la privatización de tierras y recursos naturales. TERRITORIAL RIGHTS AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN MEXICO: A STRUGGLE FOR SOVEREIGNTY AND NATIONHOOD This article focuses on the situation faced by indigenous peoples in Mexico with regard to processes of territorial dispossession and forced displacement of populations in response to private interests, as well as the impact these processes have on the survival of indigenous communities and the continuity of their biocultural heritage. This article aims to report on the advances and limitations of Mexican law in recognizing specific collective territorial rights following the international standards signed by the Mexican State. These rights are also contrasted with the approved neoliberal reforms, which are an attempt against indigenous territories and cultural forms. It describes the emergence of movements that struggle for the justiciability of their collective political rights and the resistance to generalized corruption among public officials and the privatization of land and natural resources.

scholarly journals Effects of food policy actions on Indigenous Peoples’ nutrition-related outcomes: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. e002442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Browne ◽  
Mark Lock ◽  
Troy Walker ◽  
Mikaela Egan ◽  
Kathryn Backholer
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Nutrition Policy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionIndigenous Peoples worldwide endure unacceptable health disparities with undernutrition and food insecurity often coexisting with obesity and chronic diseases. Policy-level actions are required to eliminate malnutrition in all its forms. However, there has been no systematic synthesis of the evidence of effectiveness of food and nutrition policies for Indigenous Peoples around the world. This review fills that gap.MethodsEight databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature, published between 2000 and 2019. Relevant websites were searched for grey literature. Articles were included if they were original studies, published in English and included data from Indigenous Peoples from Western colonised countries, evaluated a food or nutrition policy (or intervention), and provided quantitative impact/outcome data. Study screening, data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken independently by two authors, at least one of whom was Indigenous. A narrative synthesis was undertaken with studies grouped according to the NOURISHING food policy framework.ResultsWe identified 78 studies from Canada, Australia, Aotearoa/New Zealand and the USA. Most studies evaluated targeted interventions, focused on rural or remote Indigenous communities. The most effective interventions combined educational strategies with policies targeting food price, composition and/or availability, particularly in retail and school environments. Interventions to reduce exposure to unhealthy food advertising was the only area of the NOURISHING framework not represented in the literature. Few studies examined the impact of universal food policies on Indigenous Peoples’ diets, health or well-being.ConclusionBoth targeted and universal policy action can be effective for Indigenous Peoples. Actions that modify the structures and systems governing food supply through improved availability, access and affordability of healthy foods should be prioritised. More high-quality evidence on the impact of universal food and nutrition policy actions for Indigenous Peoples is required, particularly in urban areas and in the area of food marketing.

scholarly journals ONE SETTLER STUDENT’S STORY ON INCORPORATING INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGES IN ENGINEERING CURRICULA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Thomsen ◽  
Jill Seniuk Cicek ◽  
Afua Mante ◽  
Shawn Bailey ◽  
Farhoud Delijani
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Boundary Crossing ◽  
Active Listening ◽  
Indigenous Knowledges ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The University of Manitoba Price Faculty of Engineering is actively working on initiatives to increaseIndigenous representation and ideology in engineering education. The initiatives aim to create ethical and equitable space for Indigenous Peoples, so their knowledges and perspectives are visible and valued in the Price Faculty of Engineering community. An Elder-in- Resident presented to an engineering ethics class the realities Indigenous communities face and how to work with Indigenous Peoples at the intersection of engineering projects such as oil and gas, hydroelectricity, andcommunity infrastructure. This study uses the threedimensional space narrative methodology and boundarycrossing theory to realize the impact on students’ learning.  The student’s perspective negotiated and represented in this study acts as an artifact of boundary crossing and provides insight into the exchange of cross-cultural knowledge. Findings reveal a distinction between relationship and knowledge, where knowledge exchange is dependent on the relationship between people. Key factors contributing to a relationship include identifying each other’s historical backgrounds; situational contexts, and values, which require active listening; genuine curiosity; empathy; and time. The research presented in this paper is part of a more extensive case study exploring the impact onstudents’ learning when integrating Indigenous knowledges and perspectives into engineering education and is approved by the University of Manitoba’s Research Ethics Board.

The impact of international law on natural resource governance in Greenland

Polar Record ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Lorna Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
International Law ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Self ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper demonstrates how the evolution of international law on colonial and indigenous peoples, in particular evolving rights to sovereignty over natural resources, shaped the changing relationship between Greenland and the rest of the Danish Realm. Greenland today is in a unique position in international law, enjoying an extremely high degree of self-government. This paper explores the history, current status and future of Greenland through the lens of international law, to show how international obligations both colour its relationship with the Kingdom of Denmark and influence its approaches to resource development internally. It considers the invisibility of the Inuit population in the 1933 Eastern Greenland case that secured Danish sovereignty over the entire territory. It then turns to Denmark’s registration of Greenland as a non-self-governing territory (colony) in 1946 before Greenland’s-purported decolonisation in 1953 and the deficiencies of that process. In the second part of the 20th century, Denmark began to recognise the Greenland Inuit as an indigenous people before a gradual shift towards recognition of the Greenlanders as a people in international law, entitled to self-determination, including the right to permanent sovereignty over their natural resources. This peaked with the Self-Government Act of 2009. The paper will then go on to assess competing interpretations of the Self-Government Act of 2009 according to which the Greenland self-government is the relevant decision-making body for an increasing number of fields of competence including, since 1 January 2010, the governance of extractive industries. Some, including members of the Greenland self-government, argue that the Self-Government Act constitutes full implementation of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP 2007), but this view is not universally shared. The paper also considers the status and rights of two Greenland minorities: the North Greenlanders (Inughuit) and the East Greenlanders, each of whom has distinct histories, experiences of colonisation, dialects (or languages) and cultural traditions. While the Kingdom of Denmark accepts the existence of only one indigenous people, namely, the Inuit of Greenland, this view is increasingly being challenged in international fora, including the UN human rights treaty bodies, as the two minorities are in some cases considered distinct indigenous peoples. Their current position in Greenland as well as in a future fully independent Greenland is examined, and the rights that they hold against the Greenland self-government as well as the Kingdom of Denmark explored. Greenland’s domestic regime for governance of non-renewable natural resources (principally mining and hydrocarbons) is briefly analysed and compared with international standards, with a particular emphasis on public participation. The paper assesses the extent to which it complies with the standards in key international instruments.

Indigenous Rights and covid-19 – Indigenous Land and Health Under Serious Threat in Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-49
Author(s):  
Margret Carstens
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Supreme Court Decision ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
International Labour Organisation ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article analyses the impact of covid-19 on the rights of indigenous peoples, particularly in Brazil. It deals with the current situation of the Brazilian indigenous peoples, the impacts of the pandemic, the rights created on the adoption of protective sanitary measures for indigenous people and land rights in Brazil. Does the Brazilian government comply with international law, with constitutional rights of indigenous peoples in the current covid-19 crisis, particularly with the Brazilian Supreme Court decision on the adoption of protective sanitary measures for indigenous people? With a focus on the 2020 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, this paper will identify and examine the gaps in protection of the indigenous peoples rights by reason of the impact of the covid-19 crisis. This paper argues that the crisis is misused as an occasion for land invasions, deforestation, forest fires and the denial of basic indigenous rights. Especially in Brazil, a transformative change, an emergency support for indigenous peoples, and a still stand agreement on logging and extractive industries operating next to indigenous communities are needed. Brazilian ngo statements give guidelines as to how to manage the threats of the present pandemic on indigenous peoples of Brazil. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, the United Nations and the International Labour Organisation all offer further relevant suggestions as to how to address the serious impacts in the response to and the aftermath of this crisis.

Ruta Mixteca

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Stavenhagen
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The North ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Indigenous Organizations ◽  
Constitutional Changes

“Ruta Mixteca” is the name given to the circular migrations of indigenous farm workers between the Mexican state of Oaxaca and California long studied by Michael Kearney and his collaborators. Indigenous migrations to the United States have expanded in recent years as a result of the North American Free Trade Agreement and changes in Mexico’s agrarian legislation that led to increased privatization of land and natural resources, dispossession of the traditional peasantry, and numerous local land- and resource-related conflicts. The Zapatista uprising stimulated the growth of a host of militant indigenous organizations, now also emboldened by constitutional changes that recognize the human rights of indigenous peoples according to international standards. Indigenous transnational migrations need to adapt to these changing conditions. “Ruta Mixteca” es el nombre dado a las migraciones circulares de campesinos indígenas entre el estado mexicano de Oaxaca y California que han sido estudiadas durante mucho tiempo por Michael Kearney y sus colaboradores. En años recientes aumentaron las migraciones de indígenas a Estados Unidos como resultado del Tratado de Libre Comercio de Norteamérica y los cambios en la legislación agraria en México, que han conducido a la creciente privatización de la tierra y los recursos naturales, al despojo del campesinado tradicional y a numerosos conflictos locales sobre tierras y recursos. El levantamiento zapatista generó el surgimiento de gran cantidad de organizaciones indígenas militantes, ahora también estimuladas por los cambios constitucionales que reconocen los derechos humanos de los pueblos indígenas de acuerdo con las normas internacionales. Las migraciones indígenas transnacionales necesitan adaptarse a estas condiciones cambiantes.

scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW OF THE LAND DEVELOPMENT ISSUES RELATED TO INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Kelvin Celesistinus ◽  
Siti Radiaton Adawiyah Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Given that the way of life of indigenous peoples is usually associated with low living standards, the government has an important role to play in ensuring that the gap between indigenous and non-indigenous communities is narrowed. Unfortunately, as the program to improve the quality of life of indigenous communities has been widely implemented across the country, tension has begun to escalate among the indigenous community on the real motive of the program. Government policy objectives to assimilate indigenous communities into mainstream society leave little scope for indigenous groups to pursue their own life projects. Several studies have reported that the development of the government within traditional indigenous lands has caused conflict between the developer and the indigenous community. This situation has caused the indigenous people to bear the consequences of losing their traditional land, which is very important to reflect their identity. The aim of this paper is therefore to examine the current issues related to the land development initiative on the way of life of indigenous peoples in Malaysia. Documents search from published and unpublished material is used for this paper and a guide with a set of settings five years prior. The findings of this paper show that the development of the government in indigenous traditional lands has disrupted the traditional way of life, leading to multiple adverse effects on the community and the environment. In other words, the core of the indigenous people's struggle to this date is therefore concentrated in their involvement in making decisions in any development proposed to enhance their quality of life. Apart from that, the perspective of land development between the government and the indigenous peoples is quite different from one another. In conclusion, it is important to elicit knowledge and opinion from both indigenous peoples and government agencies to ensure the impact of land development activities can be minimized and implemented appropriately.

scholarly journals Concrete Lessons: Policies and Practices Affecting the Impact of COVID-19 for Urban Indigenous Communities in the United States and Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Howard-Bobiwash ◽  
Jennie R. Joe ◽  
Susan Lobo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Policies And Practices

Throughout the Americas, most Indigenous people move through urban areas and make their homes in cities. Yet, the specific issues and concerns facing Indigenous people in cities, and the positive protective factors their vibrant urban communities generate are often overlooked and poorly understood. This has been particularly so under COVID-19 pandemic conditions. In the spring of 2020, the United Nations High Commissioner Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples called for information on the impacts of COVID-19 for Indigenous peoples. We took that opportunity to provide a response focused on urban Indigenous communities in the United States and Canada. Here, we expand on that response and Indigenous and human rights lens to review policies and practices impacting the experience of COVID-19 for urban Indigenous communities. Our analysis integrates a discussion of historical and ongoing settler colonialism, and the strengths of Indigenous community-building, as these shape the urban Indigenous experience with COVID-19. Mindful of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, we highlight the perspectives of Indigenous organizations which are the lifeline of urban Indigenous communities, focusing on challenges that miscounting poses to data collection and information sharing, and the exacerbation of intersectional discrimination and human rights infringements specific to the urban context. We include Indigenous critiques of the implications of structural oppressions exposed by COVID-19, and the resulting recommendations which have emerged from Indigenous urban adaptations to lockdown isolation, the provision of safety, and delivery of services grounded in Indigenous initiatives and traditional practices.

Grounding Indigenous Teacher Education Through Red Praxis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Garcia ◽  
Valerie Shirley ◽  
Sandy Grande
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Education ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ways Of Being ◽  
Theory And Model ◽  
Indigenous Teachers

Red Praxis centers Indigenous sovereignty rooted in epistemological and ontological orientations to place—to land. Applying Red Praxis requires teachers to understand, in greater detail, the ways in which settler and Indigenous ontologies represent not only different but also competing ways of being in the world. Red Praxis asks teachers to reconceptualize an intellectual space that reaffirms, reclaims, and (re)stories our relations to land as a decolonial practice and pedagogy of refusal. Red Praxis calls for Indigenous teachers and community educators to ground teaching in decolonial practices and aims to regenerate a sense of hope in rebuilding Indigenous communities. The exigencies of Red Praxis can be found within Indigenous teachers’ application of critical Indigenous theories and ongoing acknowledgement and protection of our relationship to land—the origin for our claim to exist as Indigenous peoples. In doing so, Red Praxis is about creating curriculum and enacting pedagogy that makes evident and mitigates the impact of settler colonialism on Indigenous communities’ knowledge systems and ways of being. Red Praxis is an extension of Sandy Grande’s theory and model of Red pedagogy. Grande proposed the pedagogical framework of Red pedagogy to rethink the ways in which teaching can confront the challenges Indigenous communities face in the 21st century. Red pedagogy is about critically analyzing the material realities resulting from the settler colonial project and creating decolonial spaces of resistance, hope, self-determination, and transformative possibility in Indigenous education. In addition to addressing structural issues, it is important for Indigenous teachers to address what is taught in schools—the curriculum—as well as how it is taught—pedagogy—as key factors in revitalizing and transforming Indigenous education.

Introduction: Impact of and Response to the Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Randall Akee ◽  
Stephanie R. Carroll ◽  
Chandra Ford
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Special Edition ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
The Impact

In a two-volume, special edition, AICRJ volume 44, issues 2 and 3, we examine COVID-19’s unique implications for Indigenous Peoples, nations, and communities. Within the United States, African Americans, Hispanics, and American Indians have experienced substantially higher levels of COVID-19 infection and death. The impact of COVID-19 on Indigenous Peoples residing in other countries differs according to the overall national strategy for dealing with the pandemic. The structural racism of colonialism is the driver of myriad negative outcomes for Indigenous Peoples, and the effects of COVID-19 are no exception. The articles in this first special issue take a granular and intersectional look at the impact of the pandemic, the resilience of Indigenous communities, and the relevance of self-determination in public responses. These articles document specific programs and methods to combat and cope with COVID-19 effects in Indigenous communities and nations.

INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC (PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS)

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study ­ identification of factors that ensure the vital activity of indigenous small­numbered peoples of the North in the Arctic, as well as the analysis of their impact on the preservation and development of the ethnic group. Identifying problems and assessing the prospects for the development of indigenous people consists of 3 stages: analysis of foreign and domestic sources, the results of scientific research teams; systematization of statistical data, including information on the dynamics of the development of indigenous people (number, employment in traditional activities); the impact assessing of legal, economic and social factors on the preservation and development of indigenous people. A comprehensive analysis of a wide range of legal, economic and social problems of ensuring the traditional life of indigenous people within the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) has shown the need to improve legislative, financial and managerial actions to preserve them as a specific community, adapted to the extremely severe conditions of permanent residence beyond the Arctic Circle and as a unique phenogenotype, whose activity is closely conjugated with the environmental state of the macroregion and in fact is entirely dependent on it. The exclusive role of indigenous peoples in preserving the natural complexes of the Arctic in the 21st century for future generations was emphasized. Under the conditions of proliferation of technogenic and anthropogenic burden on the natural complexes of the macroregion, associated with the intensive development of fuel and power resources, deposits of rare and precious metals, development of coastal transport infrastructure and a multiple increase in the population in the Russian Arctic with a creation of “stronghold areas” the threat of the indigenous peoples’ disappearance appeared (Enets ­ about 200 people remain and less than 100 people – the Votes). Under the conditions of a large­scale, integral impact of man­made, anthropogenic and climatic factors on indigenous communities in the Arctic, their life environment and traditional management the need for urgent adoption of a complex of specific and targeted legal, economic and social measures aimed at ensuring and preserving their livelihoods is obvious.

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