scholarly journals Precision Agriculture using IOT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Mr. V. Seetha Rama
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
The Status ◽  
Automated Irrigation System

Automation of farm activities can transform agricultural domain from being manual and static to intelligent and dynamic leading to higher production with lesser human supervision. This paper proposes an automated irrigation system which monitors and maintains the desired soil moisture content via automatic watering. Microcontroller ATMEGA328P on Arduino Uno platform is used to implement the control unit. The setup uses soil moisture sensors which measure the exact moisture level in soil. This value enables the system to use appropriate quantity of water which avoids over/under irrigation. IOT is used to keep the farmers updated about the status of sprinklers. Information from the sensors is regularly updated on a webpage using GSM-GPRS SIM900A modem through which a farmer can check whether the water sprinklers are ON/OFF at any given time. Also, the sensor readings are transmitted to a Thing speak channel to generate graphs for analysis.

Evaluation of Various Soil Moisture Sensors in Four Different Soil Types

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonny José Araújo da Silva ◽  
Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva ◽  
Adriano Bicioni Pacheco ◽  
Thiago Franco Duarte ◽  
Helon Hébano de Freitas Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
Calibration Equations

Abstract.Accurate measurements of soil moisture content can contribute to resource conservation in irrigated systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate various soil moisture sensors (a porous cup tensiometer, Diviner 2000, PR2, XH300, PM100, and ML3; the mention of model names does not constitute an implied endorsement) used in four different soil types. The experiment was conducted inside a greenhouse using a specially constructed box that contained the soil samples. The soil samples were first saturated and subsequently drained before starting the measurements. The soil moisture content was determined by the oven-drying method. Using the standard deviation of the sensor readings, regression analyses were performed, resulting in calibration equations and coefficient of determination (R2) values for each sensor and soil type combination. The porous cup tensiometer, Diviner 2000, PR2, and ML3 measurements resulted in excellent R2 values that exceeded 0.95 for the four soils. However, measurements with the XH300 and PM100 sensors resulted in R2 values of 0.37 to 0.86 and 0.61 to 0.94, respectively, limiting their scientific applicability for the studied soils. Therefore, the porous cup tensiometer, Diviner 2000, PR2, and ML3 estimated the soil moisture content with greater confidence than did the other sensors and with an error of less than 5%. Keywords: Calibration, Tensiometer, Volumetric water content.

scholarly journals Development and integration of soil moisture sensor with drip system for precise irrigation scheduling through mobile phone

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1959-1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Kumar ◽  
Neelam Patel ◽  
T. B. S. Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Level Sensor

Soil moisture sensor is an instrument for quick measurements of soil moisture content in the crop root zone on real time basis. The main objective of this research was development and evaluation of an indigenous sensor for precise irrigation scheduling. The various parts of sensor developed were ceramic cup, acrylic pipe, level sensor, tee, reducer, gland, cork, and end cap. The designed system was successfully tested on okra crop and calibrated with frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) by three methods of irrigation, i.e. check basin, furrow and drip, respectively. The average depth of water depletion in modified tensiometer by these methods was 27 to 35 cm at 50% management allowable depletion (MAD) of field capacity. This depth was useful for the level sensor to be installed inside modified tensiometer for real time irrigation scheduling. The correlation coefficient (R2) between soil moisture content obtained from the developed sensor and FDR was 0.963. Sensor network was integrated with global system for mobile communication (GSM), short message service (SMS) and drip head work to develop an automated irrigation system. This would enable farmers to effectively monitor and control water application in the field by sending command through SMS and receiving pumping status through the mobile phone.

The critical relationship between soil moisture content in the region of wilting point and the mineralization of natural soil nitrogen

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
Wilting Point

1. Laboratory incubation studies with topsoil samples of the Kikuyu red loam coffee soil have shown that active nitrification of the natural soil nitrogen stops at a soil moisture level just below the permanent wilting percentage. Ammonification of natural nitrogen in this soil does not cease at this moisture level and ammonia nitrogen accumulates substantially, although the values found at the end of the 32-day incubation period, and the rate of ammonification are significantly lower as the moisture level is decreased from ⅚ to of the permanent wilting percentage.

scholarly journals DISSEMINATING AN AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING SOLAR ENERGY IN PERSPECTIVE OF BANGLADESH

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-25
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Op Amp ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Arduino Uno ◽  
System Project ◽  
Automated Irrigation System ◽  
Bangladeshi Families

Bangladesh is mainly an agricultural country. Agriculture is the most important occupation for the most of the Bangladeshi families. This study is conducted to develop an automated irrigation mechanism which turns the pumping motor ON and OFF by detecting the moisture content of the earth using the soil moisture sensor without the intervention of human. This Smart irrigation system project is using an Arduino Uno micro-controller, Solar Panel, Battery, Boost module, Relay Module, Soil Moisture Sensor, DC Motor etc. Arduino Uno that is programmed to collect the input signal according to moisture content of the soil and its output is given to the op-amp that will operate the pump. The benefit of employing this technique is to decrease human interference and it is quite feasible and affordable.

scholarly journals Automatic irrigation system on sensing soil moisture content

IJIREEICE ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 96-98
Author(s):  
NAGARAJAPANDIAN M ◽  
RAM PRASANTH U ◽  
SELVA KUMAR G ◽  
TAMIL SELVAN S
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Irrigation System

scholarly journals Using Soil Moisture Sensors for Automated Irrigation Scheduling in a Plum Crop

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Millán ◽  
Casadesús ◽  
Campillo ◽  
José Moñino ◽  
Henar Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
Automated Irrigation System

The growing scarcity and competition for water resources requires the urgent implementation of measures to ensure their rational use. Farmers need affordable irrigation tools that allow them to take advantage of scientific know-how to improve water use efficiency in their common irrigation practices. The aim of this study is to test under field conditions, and adjust where required, an automated irrigation system that allows the establishment of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies in a stone fruit orchard. For this, an automated device with an algorithm which combines water-balance-based irrigation scheduling with a feedback adjustment mechanism using 15 capacitive sensors for continuous soil moisture measurement was used. The tests were carried out in 2016 and 2017 in Vegas Bajas del Guadiana (Extremadura, Spain) on an experimental plot of ‘Red Beaut’, an early-maturing Japanese plum cultivar. Three irrigation treatments were established: control, RDI and automatic. The control treatment was scheduled to cover crop water needs, a postharvest deficit irrigation (40% crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) strategy was applied in the RDI treatment, while the Automatic treatment simulated the RDI but without human intervention. After two years of testing, the automated system was able to “simulate” the irrigation scheduling programmed by a human expert without the need for human intervention.

scholarly journals Evaluation of DualEM-II sensor for soil moisture content estimation in the potato fields of Atlantic Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 290-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitazaz Farooque ◽  
Mahnaz Zare ◽  
Qamar Zaman ◽  
Farhat Abbas ◽  
Melanie Bos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Non Destructive

The conventional gravimetric methods of estimating soil moisture content (θ) are laborious, time-consuming, and destructive to agricultural fields. We evaluated the performance of DualEM-II sensor in non-destructive way of θ prediction and for predicting θ variations within potato fields in Atlantic Canada. Values of θ were measured from four potato fields in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island using a pre-calibrated (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.98) time domain reflectometry (TDR) from root zone of potato tubers under grid sampling arrangements. Horizontal co-planar (HCP) and perpendicular co-planar (PRP) readings were taken using DualEM-II sensor from the same locations of θ measurements. There was a better correlation between PRP and θ (r: 0.64–0.83) was calculated than between HCP and θ<br /> (r: 0.41–0.79). There was no significant difference (R<sup>2</sup>: 0.60–0.69; RMSE (root mean square error): 2.32–4.02) between the θ values measured with TDR (θ<sub>M</sub>) and those predicted with DualEM-II (θ<sub>P</sub>) confirming that the use of electromagnetic induction technique, evaluated during this study, is labor saving, quick, non-destructive, and accurate and can be considered a precision agriculture tool for efficiently managing soil water in potato fields.

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