scholarly journals Problems, Challenges, and Removing Methods of Micro Plastics from Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 941-946
Author(s):  
Dr. V. Venkata Lakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
The Past ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Process

Abstract: Over the past few years, several studies have reported the presence of micro plastics in treated tap and bottled water, raising questions and concerns about the impact that micro plastics in drinking-water might have on human health. Microplastics are ubiquitous within the environment and are detected in marine water, wastewater, water, food, air and drinking-water, both bottled and water. Microplastics enter freshwater environments in a number of ways: primarily from surface run-off and both treated and untreated wastewater effluent, but also from combined sewer overflows, industrial effluent degraded plastic waste and atmospheric deposition. Further, the limited evidence indicates that some microplastics found in drinking-water may come from treatment and distribution systems for water and/or bottling of drinking water. Keywords: Fresh water, health, process.

scholarly journals A review of combined sewer overflows as a source of wastewater-derived emerging contaminants in the environment and their management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Petrie
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEmerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs and personal care products can be released to the environment in untreated wastewater/stormwater mixtures following storm events. The frequency and intensity of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) has increased in some areas due to increasing urbanisation and climate change. Therefore, this review provides an up-to-date overview on CSOs as an environmental source of emerging contaminants. Other than compounds with high removal, those chiral species subject to enantioselective changes (i.e. degradation or inversion) during wastewater treatment can be effective markers of CSO discharge in the environment. A proposed framework for the selection of emerging contaminants as markers of CSOs is outlined. Studies have demonstrated that CSOs can be the main source of emerging contaminants with high removal efficiency during wastewater treatment (e.g. > 90%). However, the impact of CSOs on the environment is location specific and requires decision-making on their appropriate management at catchment level. This process would be aided by further studies on CSOs which incorporate the monitoring of emerging contaminants and their effects in the environment with those more routinely monitored pollutants (e.g. pathogens and priority substances). Mitigation and treatment strategies for emerging contaminants in CSOs are also discussed.

Considering the impact of intermittent discharges when modelling overflows

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Sarah Jubb ◽  
Philip Hulme ◽  
Ian Guymer ◽  
John Martin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
River Hydraulics ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Curve Equation

This paper describes a preliminary investigation that identified factors important in the prediction of river water quality, especially regarding dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. Intermittent discharges from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) within the sewerage, and overflows at water reclamation works (WRW) cause dynamic conditions with respect to both river hydraulics and water quality. The impact of such discharges has been investigated under both wet and dry weather flow conditions. Data collected from the River Maun, UK, has shown that an immediate, transient oxygen demand exists downstream of an outfall during storm conditions. The presence of a delayed oxygen demand has also been identified. With regard to modelling, initial investigations used a simplified channel and the Streeter-Phelps (1925) dissolved oxygen sag curve equation. Later, a model taking into account hydrodynamic, transport and dispersion processes was used. This suggested that processes other than water phase degradation of organic matter significantly affect the dissolved oxygen concentration downstream of the location of an intermittent discharge. It is proposed that the dynamic rate of reaeration and the sediment oxygen demand should be the focus of further investigation.

scholarly journals Intensive monitoring of conventional and surrogate quality parameters in a highly urbanized river affected by multiple combined sewer overflows

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 953-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Copetti ◽  
L. Marziali ◽  
G. Viviano ◽  
L. Valsecchi ◽  
L. Guzzella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Continuous Measurements ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Early Peak ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper reports results of four intensive campaigns carried out on the Seveso River (Milan metropolitan area, Italy) between 2014 and 2016, during intense precipitation events. Laboratory analyses were coupled with on-site, continuous measurements to assess the impact of pollutants on water quality based on both conventional and surrogate parameters. Laboratory data included total suspended solids, caffeine, total phosphorus and nitrogen, and their dissolved forms. Screening of trace metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd) and PBDEs (polybromodiphenylethers) was carried out. Continuous measurements included water level, physico-chemical variables and turbidity. Nutrient concentrations were generally high (e.g. average total phosphorus > 1,000 μg/L) indicating strong sewage contributions. Among monitored pollutants Cr, Cu, Pb, and Cd concentrations were well correlated to TSS, turbidity and discharge, being bound mostly to suspended particulate matter. A different behavior was found for Ni, that showed an early peak occurring before the flow peak, as a result of first flush events. PBDEs correlated well to nutrient concentrations, showing the highest peaks soon after activation of the combined sewer overflows, likely because of its accumulation in sewers. In addition to showing the existing correlations between quality parameters, the paper highlights the importance of surrogate parameters as indicators of anthropic pollution inputs.

scholarly journals Microplastics (MPs) in Drinking Water: Uses, Sources & Transport

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmi Kant Bhardwaj ◽  
Archana Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Water Uses

Microplastics (MPs) are small pieces of plastics. They are ubiquitous in the environment and can enter the freshwater environment from surface run-off and wastewater effluent (treated and untreated), industrial effluent, degraded plastic waste, and atmospheric deposition. They are not usually destroyed but convert into one phase to another. They are a source of air pollution, occurring in dust and airborne fibrous particles. Mostly MPs are non-biodegradable while some MPs are biodegradable, which can be decomposed in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light or by the action of microorganisms. Popular methods: chemical, spectroscopic, and thermo-analytical are available for the determination of the chemical composition and size of plastic particles. This chapter discusses the uses, health hazards, sources, and transport of MPs particles.

Advances in Treatment Processes to Solve Off-Flavor Problems in Drinking Water

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Major Treatment ◽  
New Treatment

There have been significant advances in the development and application of treatment processes to control off-flavor problems in drinking water in the past few years. This paper updates two major treatment process summaries that appeared in 1988 and 1995. The paper also puts the efficiencies of the treatment processes in perspective by using the drinking water flavor wheel as a reference point. Removal or control of classes of off-flavor problems are described in relation to the categories on the wheel. Specifically, processes such as oxidation, adsorption, biological treatment and membranes are described. The recent literature is reviewed and advances in treatment are identified. A new treatment process for controlling nitrification in distribution systems is introduced which has the potential to dramatically reduce the problems of chlorinous odor complaints from customers.

scholarly journals The Role of Sewer Network Structure on the Occurrence and Magnitude of Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2675
Author(s):  
Julian Reyes-Silva ◽  
Emmanuel Bangura ◽  
Björn Helm ◽  
Jakob Benisch ◽  
Peter Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Intense Storm ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows

Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) prevent surges in sewer networks by releasing untreated wastewater into nearby water bodies during intense storm events. CSOs can have acute and detrimental impacts on the environment and thus need to be managed. Although several gray, green and hybrid CSO mitigation measures have been studied, the influence of network structure on CSO occurrence is not yet systematically evaluated. This study focuses on evaluating how the variation of urban drainage network structure affects the frequency and magnitude of CSO events. As a study case, a sewer subnetwork in Dresden, Germany, where 11 CSOs are present, was selected. Scenarios corresponding to the structures with the lowest and with the highest number of possible connected pipes, are developed and evaluated using long-term hydrodynamic simulation. Results indicate that more meshed structures are associated to a decrease on the occurrence and magnitude of CSO. Event frequency reductions vary between 0% and 68%, while reduction of annual mean volumes and annual mean loads ranged between 0% and 87% and 0% and 92%. These rates were mainly related to the additional sewer storage capacity provided in the more meshed scenarios, following a sigmoidal behavior. However, increasing network connections causes investment costs, therefore optimization strategies for selecting intervention areas are needed. Furthermore, the present approach of reducing CSO frequency may provide a new gray solution that can be integrated in the development of hybrid mitigation strategies for the CSO management.

scholarly journals Effect of increasing bromide concentration on toxicity in treated drinking water

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Sawade ◽  
Rolando Fabris ◽  
Andrew Humpage ◽  
Mary Drikas
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Toxic Species ◽  
Treated Drinking Water ◽  
The Impact

Research is increasingly indicating the potential chronic health effects of brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs). This is likely to increase with elevated bromide concentrations resulting from the impacts of climate change, projected to include extended periods of drought and the sudden onset of water quality changes. This will demand more rigorous monitoring throughout distribution systems and improved water quality management at water treatment plants (WTPs). In this work the impact of increased bromide concentration on formation of DBPs following conventional treatment and chlorination was assessed for two water sources. Bioanalytical tests were utilised to determine cytotoxicity of the water post disinfection. Coagulation was shown to significantly reduce the cytotoxicity of the water, indicating that removal of natural organic matter DBP precursors continues to be an important factor in drinking water treatment. Most toxic species appear to form within the first half hour following disinfectant addition. Increasing bromide concentration across the two waters was shown to increase the formation of trihalomethanes and shifted the haloacetic acid species distribution from chlorinated to those with greater bromine substitution. This correlated with increasing cytotoxicity. This work demonstrates the challenges faced by WTPs and the possible effects increasing levels of bromide in source waters could have on public health.

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