scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling and Experimental Investigation of Abrasive Jet Machining for Various Abrasive Particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 979-991
Author(s):  
Manthan N. Varia
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Abrasive Water Jet ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Abrasive Particles ◽  
Awj Cutting

Abstract: Abrasive water-jet machining operates by the impingements of a high velocity abrasive laden water-jet against the work piece. The jet is formed by mixing abrasive particles with high-velocity water in the mixing region and is forced through the orifice. The accelerated jet exiting the nozzle travels at a very high velocity and cuts as it passes through the work piece. It is a difficult task of predicting the values of major cutting performance measures in Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ) cutting. AWJ cutting process involves a large number of process and material parameters, which are related to the water-jet, the abrasive particles, and work-piece material. Those parameters are expected to affect the material removal rates and depth of penetration. In this paper, various models of wear by particle erosion and the most accepted models for predicting the depth of penetration in AWJ cutting are reviewed. However, there has been very little reported study on AWJ machining using various abrasive particles. In this paper, an attempt has been made for the development of the predictive mathematical model for AWJ cutting with various abrasive particles having different geometrical shapes and physical properties. Also, their effect on the target material has also been studied. Afterward, this model is verified with the experimental investigation. Keywords: AWJM, Abrasive, Mathematical-Modelling, Manufacturing, Water-Jet

Miniaturization of injection abrasive water jet machining process

2006 ◽  
Vol 220 (11) ◽  
pp. 1697-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Orbanic ◽  
B Jurisevic ◽  
D Kramar ◽  
M Grah ◽  
M Junkar
Keyword(s):  
Water Jet ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Abrasive Water Jet ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Abrasive Particles ◽  
Cutting Head ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Awj Cutting

This contribution presents the possibilities of applying abrasive water jet (AWJ) technology for multi-material micromanufacture. The working principles of injection and suspension AWJ systems are presented. Characteristics of this technology, such as the ability to machine virtually any kind of material and the absence of a relevant heat-affected zone, are given, especially those from which the production of microcomponents can benefit. A few attempts to miniaturize the AWJ machining process are described in the state-of-the-art preview. In order to develop and improve the AWJ as a microtool, a numerical simulation based on the finite element analysis is introduced to evaluate the effect of the size abrasive particles and the process efficiency of microsized AWJ. An ongoing project in which an improved mini AWJ cutting head is being developed, is presented. Finally, the possible fields of application are given, including a case study on the machining of miniaturized heat sinks.

scholarly journals Research into the Disintegration of Abrasive Materials in the Abrasive Water Jet Machining Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Perec
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Abrasive Water Jet ◽  
Abrasive Particles ◽  
Cutting Head ◽  
Grain Distribution ◽  
Awj Cutting ◽  
Ward Method

The size and distribution of abrasive particles have a significant influence on the effectiveness of the cutting process by the high-speed abrasive water jet (AWJ). The paper deal with the abrasive materials disintegration intensity in AWJ cutting during the creation of the abrasive jet. An evaluation of the abrasive materials grabbed after forming in the cutting head was carried out and its grain distribution was evaluated. Used here the arithmetic, geometric and logarithmic method of moments and Folk and Ward method. The influence of abrasive concentration of abrasive materials as alluvial garnet, recycled garnet, corundum, and olivine on grain distribution was studied. A recovery analysis was also carried out and the recycling coefficient for each tested abrasive material was determined.

scholarly journals Research into the Disintegration of Abrasive Materials in the Abrasive Water Jet Machining Process

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3940
Author(s):  
Andrzej Perec
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Abrasive Water Jet ◽  
Abrasive Material ◽  
Abrasive Particles ◽  
Cutting Head ◽  
Grain Distribution ◽  
Awj Cutting ◽  
Ward Method

The size and distribution of abrasive particles have a significant influence on the effectiveness of the cutting process by the high-speed abrasive water jet (AWJ). This paper deals with the disintegration intensity of abrasive materials in AWJ cutting during the creation of the abrasive jet. An evaluation of the abrasive materials was performed after forming in the cutting head was carried out and grain distribution was evaluated using the geometric and logarithmic Folk and Ward method. The influence of the abrasive concentration of abrasive materials such as alluvial garnet, recycled garnet, corundum, and olivine on grain distribution was studied. A recovery analysis was also carried out and the recycling coefficient was determined for each abrasive material tested.

scholarly journals Avoiding CFRP Delamination During Abrasive Water Jet Piercing: A New Piercing Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Alexandru Popan ◽  
Nicolae Bâlc ◽  
Alina Ioana Popan
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Abrasive Water Jet ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Abrasive Particles ◽  
Awj Cutting ◽  
Cutting System

Abstract Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) is used in top industries like aerospace, automotive or medicine. Abrasive water jet (AWJ) technology has demonstrated its capacity in machining CFRP parts with a high dimensional accuracy due to its low mechanical loading, reduced machining temperature, high productivity, reduced tooling, and environmental friendliness. An important challenge when machining composite materials with AWJ is material delamination, determined by the high-speed water jet hitting the material during the piercing process. It is the ideal tool for cutting complex CFRP parts, in cases where the piercing point is outside of the workpiece. The challenge lies in machining features where material piercing is required, like holes, slots or internal contours. This paper presents a method of piercing the composite materials with abrasive water jet, that can avoid delamination. The method requires adding the abrasive particles in the water jet at the very beginning of jet formation, thus obtaining a mixed abrasive water jet during the first impact with the composite workpiece. A new cutting system was designed and set up based on the proposed piercing method and was compared with a conventional AWJ cutting system. The insertion of the abrasive particles into the water jet was monitored by using acoustic emission (AE). An analysis of the influence of piercing parameters (water pressure, standoff distance, abrasive inlet angle and abrasive delay time) on the delamination was conducted. The process outcomes such as hole surface integrity, delamination, particles embedment, uncut fibers and dimensional characteristics, were evaluated. The results show that the method is promising in reducing delamination.

scholarly journals Notes on the Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ) Machining

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7032
Author(s):  
Lucie Gembalová ◽  
Libor M. Hlaváč ◽  
Sławomir Spadło ◽  
Vladan Geryk ◽  
Luka Oros
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Abrasive Water Jet ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Interacting Particles ◽  
Abrasive Grains ◽  
Cutting Head ◽  
Metal Materials ◽  
The Individual

The aim of the research was to investigate changes of abrasive grains on metals observing the kerf walls produced by the Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ). The microscopy observations of the sidewalls of kerfs cut by the AWJ in several metal materials with an identical thickness of 10 mm are presented. The observed sizes of abrasive grains were compared with the results of research aimed at the disintegration of the abrasive grains during the mixing process in the cutting head during the injection AWJ creation. Some correlations were discovered and verified. The kerf walls observations show the size of material disintegration caused by the individual abrasive grains and also indicate the size of these grains. One part of this short communication is devoted to a critical look at some of the conclusions of the older published studies, namely regarding the correlation of the number of interacting particles with the acoustic emissions measured on cut materials. The discussion is aimed at the abrasive grain size after the mixing process and changes of this size in the interaction with the target material.

Assessment of the Applicability of the Abrasive Water Jet Technique for Dismantling the Reactor of Fugen: Studies for Reducing the Usage of Abrasive and for Surveying the Cutting Situation Under the Water

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Nakamura ◽  
Yoshitugu Morishita ◽  
Shinichiro Maruyama ◽  
Shinichi Tezuka ◽  
Daisuke Ogane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Jet ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Abrasive Water Jet ◽  
Supply Rate ◽  
Cutting Method ◽  
Conservation Of Momentum ◽  
Narrow Space ◽  
Mechanical Cutting ◽  
Awj Cutting

The reactor of FUGEN NPP consists of many number of double-tube arranging a pressure tube (P/T) and a calandria tube (C/T) coaxially. In the case of dismantling both a P/T and a C/T simultaneously, it is preferable to use the mechanical cutting method because it does not apply the heat to highly activated P/T and C/T, as a result, it would be suppressed to release activated particles into surrounding environment. The method is also required to use a smaller cutting device for permitting the remote control of it in a narrow space, and to have a relatively long standoff for cutting the double-tube simultaneously. The authors chose the abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting method as one of the mechanical cutting method for dismantling the reactor. The authors have also developed the smaller AWJ cutting device and confirmed that the device is applicable to the cutting of the double-tube. On the other hand, it is an issue to reduce an amount of abrasive because it becomes the secondary radioactive waste after the cutting work. It is also difficult to survey the cutting condition by any visual methods like a TV camera in the water becoming cloudy by both used abrasive and cut metal grit. For solving these issues, the following two studies were conducted. (1) The recycle of used abrasive was examined. And it was also confirmed to be able to predict an optimal supply rate of abrasive by considering the conservation of momentum between the water jet and the abrasive. (2) It was possible to judge whether the material could be cut or not by detecting the change in the frequency characteristics of vibration or sound caused during the cutting process.

Development of ice abrasive waterjet cutting technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (81) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
J. Valentinčič ◽  
A. Lebar ◽  
I. Sabotin ◽  
P. Drešar ◽  
M. Jerman
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Abrasive Water Jet ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Cutting Head ◽  
Ice Particles ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Awj Cutting

Purpose: Abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting uses mineral abrasive to cut practically all materials. In ice abrasive water jet (IAWJ) cutting, the ice particles are used as abrasive. IAWJ is under development with the aim to bridge the gap in productivity between the abrasive water jet (AWJ) and water jet (WJ) cutting. It is clean and environmentally friendlier in comparison with AWJ, while its cutting efficiency could be better than WJ. Design/methodology/approach: The main challenge is to provide very cold and thus hard ice particles in the cutting zone, thus cooling the water under high pressure is utilized. Further on, two approaches to obtain ice particles in the water are studied, namely generation of ice particles in the cutting head and generation of ice particles outside of the cutting head and adding them to the jet similar as in AWJ technology. In this process it is essential to monitor and control the temperature occurring in the system. Findings: To have ice particles with suitable mechanical properties in the cutting process, the water have to be precooled, ice particles generated outside the cutting head and later added to the jet. The results show that, contrary to the common believe, the water temperature is not significantly changed when passing through the water nozzle. Research limitations/implications: The presence of ice particles was only indirectly identified. In the future, a special high speed camera will be used to study the influence of process parameters on ice particle distribution. Practical implications: IAWJ technology produces much less sludge (waste abrasive and removed workpiece material mixed with water) than AWJ technology which is beneficial in e.g. disintegration of nuclear power plants. IAWJ technology has also great potential in the food and medical industries for applications, where bacteria growth is not desired. Originality/value: The paper presents the latest achievements of IAWJ technology.

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