scholarly journals Study of Rainwater Harvesting in University of Petroleum and Energy Studies in Support of the Eco-Campus Initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1993-2004
Author(s):  
Yash Soni
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
General Public ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Community Planning ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Wise Use ◽  
Total Runoff

Abstract: Rainwater harvesting is a technique for collecting rainwater that would otherwise be wasted, mainly in metropolitan settings. There is essentially no infiltration and percolation due to the completely different land use compared to the metropolitan region. As a result, groundwater levels have been steadily depleted. Rainwater harvesting is nearly completely unknown among the general public. There is a lack of community planning that may result in widespread participation and so replenish the groundwater table. The current research looks at several rainwater gathering techniques and how they may be implemented at the chosen location. The research is being conducted on the Dehradun campus of UPES. The focus is mostly on the water collected on the rooftop, which will be filtered and used for cleaning and gardening. Because it is a hilly location, the region receives a lot of rain, which provides excellent opportunities for rainwater gathering. The total runoff from the entire rooftop is calculated using a rational formula and then distributed to various uses. The paper's main goal is to advocate the wise use of this valuable resource while keeping in mind the economics of the method used. Keywords: Rainwater harvesting, rational formula, groundwater.

Integrative hydrogeo-ecological assessment of the quantitative and qualitative response of groundwater to hydrological extremes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Birk ◽  
Johannes Haas ◽  
Alice Retter ◽  
Raoul Collenteur ◽  
Heike Brielmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
Hydrological Extremes ◽  
Observation Wells

<p>An integrative interdisciplinary approach is currently developed to investigate groundwater systems in alpine and prealpine environments and how they respond to hydrological extremes such as droughts, heavy rain and floods in terms of water quantity, hydrochemical quality, and ecological status. The new approach is aimed at improving the understanding of the interaction between physical, chemical, and biological processes in groundwater responses to extreme events as well as developing indicators suitable for an integrative monitoring and management of the aquifers. For this purpose, observation wells of the existing state hydrographic monitoring net have been selected within the Austrian part of the Mur river basin, stretching from the alpine origin to the national border in the foreland. The investigation area thus comprises diverse hydrogeological settings and land-use types. The selected observation wells have long-term records of groundwater levels and are used for sampling campaigns under different hydrological conditions. Groundwater level fluctuations are evaluated using drought indices and statistical approaches, such as auto-correlation and cross-correlation with precipitation and stream stages. Our hydrochemical analyses of groundwater and surface waters also consider compounds indicative of agricultural sources (e.g., nitrate), wastewater-borne micro-pollutants, and stable isotopes of water. These indicators are used to identify different drivers controlling water origin and quality. The ecological status is characterized using microbiological measures, such as total number of bacteria and microbial activity, groundwater fauna, and the qualitative composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM). First results demonstrate a deterioration of water quality from groundwater to surface water and from the alpine region towards the foreland, corresponding to the more intense agricultural and urban land use in the foreland. Linkages between water quality and hydrological conditions are currently being evaluated and will be further examined using UV-Vis spectrometry for high-resolution in-situ monitoring of water quality changes (DOM and nitrate) at selected observation wells.</p>

Community Planning and Land Use Planning in Scotland

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Peel ◽  
Greg Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Community Planning

scholarly journals Hydrogeological and Hydro Chemical Evaluation of Groundwater in Karbala Region Using Geographic Information System (GIS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4A) ◽  
pp. 515-522
Author(s):  
Marwa S. Hussein ◽  
Imzahim A. Alwan ◽  
Tariq A. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Chemical Evaluation ◽  
Unsteady Flow Condition ◽  
High Production

The study area is located in the holy governorate of Karbala, Iraq; the research studied a predictive mathematical model of groundwater within Dibdiba Formation and by fifty (50) wells distributed randomly within the boundaries of the study area, all of them fall within the unconfined aquifer. Likewise, there is no component to direct the activity of these wells, where a mathematical model for the study area has been developed using the groundwater system modeling program (GMS v.10). The area was divided into a grid where the dimensions of a single cell ranged from 250m×250m. The model of the steady flow state was adjusted utilizing pressure driven conductivity extending from 9 to 15 m/day with a 0.15 storage coefficient to match the groundwater levels measured with the calculated groundwater table. The model was run for unsteady flow condition in the first scenario with fifty (50) wells and five (5) years. The drawdown in the groundwater tables ranged between (0.05-1.05) m. In the second scenario, the model was run after adding thirty-six (36) wells for five (5) years, groundwater limits 0.15-1.15 meters. The drawdown values are concentrated near wells sites, and the drawdown decline as we move away from the sites of these wells and this reflects the nature of the water reservoir located in the study area, which is characterized by high production where compensation resulting from the operation of the wells decline rapidly by the reservoir. Therefore, the values of the drawdown in elevations appeared very low. The study also showed the possibility of drilling additional wells in this area, depending on this model to benefit from them in the future for different uses.

Population Levels of Well-Being In a Peri-Urban Area of a Metropolitan Region, A Case Study of Selangor Northern Corridor, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Y. Saleh Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Socioeconomic Environment ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Study Results

This article seeks to identify the levels of well-being of residents of Selangor Northern Corridor, Lembah Klang-Langat Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR). The study involved 400 respondents consisting of the heads of household in peri-urban areas of Selangor Northern Corridor of Lembah Klang-Langat EMR. Respondents were selected via a simple random sampling method. A 1-5 Likert scale questionnaire was used as a research instrument. Based on the well-being index, a variety of variables involving well-being were listed, although the author of this study used four variables, namely housing, transportation, socioeconomic environment and land use. The housing variable consisted of three sub-variables, comprising area selection, safety and facilities. The transport variable included two sub-variables: public transportation and transportation network. The socioeconomic variables society and economy, while the sub-variables for land use were types of activities and property ownership. The study results indicate that the questionnaire’s reliability level was acceptable as the Cronbach’s alpha value of each variable exceeded 0.8. Transportation and socioeconomic environment stood at high levels, while housing and land use were at moderate levels. These findings demonstrate that the level of some of the community’s well-being was high or moderate due to urban sprawl. This means that humans will adapt to the environment in various ways so that it can accord with human needs.

The Potential of Geodesign for the Optimization of Land Use in the Perspective of Sustainability: Case Study of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas

2021 ◽  
pp. 476-490
Author(s):  
Andréia Medinilha Pancher ◽  
Ana Isabel de Sá ◽  
Marcelo Costa ◽  
Tiago Oyan Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Metropolitan Region

The Ecology and Management of Wood in World Rivers

2003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Wood Structures ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
World Rivers ◽  
Beaver Dams ◽  
Stream Systems

<em>Abstract.</em>—Beaver dams alter the hydrology and geomorphology of stream systems and affect habitat for fishes. Beaver dams measurably affect the rates of groundwater recharge and stream discharge, retain enough sediment to cause measurable changes in valley floor morphology, and generally enhance stream habitat quality for many fishes. Historically, beaver dams were numerous in small streams throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere. The cumulative loss of millions of beaver dams has dramatically affected the hydrology and sediment dynamics of stream systems. Assessing the cumulative hydrologic and geomorphic effects of depleting these millions of wood structures from small and medium-sized streams is urgently needed. This is particularly important in semiarid climates, where the widespread removal of beaver dams may have exacerbated effects of other land use changes, such as livestock grazing, to accelerate incision and the subsequent lowering of groundwater levels and drying of streams.

scholarly journals Land Use/Land Cover Data of the Urban Atlas and the Cadastre of Real Estate: An Evaluation Study in the Prague Metropolitan Region

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondrej Micek ◽  
Jan Feranec ◽  
Premysl Stych
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Data ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
The Difference

Landscape research involves a large number of scientific disciplines. Different disciplinary and scale approaches have led to the creation of numerous land use/land cover databases with different classification nomenclature. It is very important for end-users of databases to know the capabilities and limits of land use/land cover data to avoid potential mistakes resulting from inappropriate combinations and interpretations. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the thematic content of the Urban Atlas database and data from the Czech cadastre of real estate in the Prague metropolitan region between the years 2006 and 2012 with a focus on the meaning of the nomenclature used by both datasets. The data were processed using approaches with different levels of thematic harmonisation and statistical tools to quantify the similarities and differences among the researched data. The methods of comparison used for land use/land cover data with different nomenclature were based on an aggregation approach or modified difference indices (the overall difference index and the sub-index of the difference). The areas with high degrees of dissimilarity and similarity were found and further examined and interpreted. These intentions were documented precisely on the Czech cadastre of real estate and the Urban Atlas databases at two scale levels: 1) an analysis of the whole area of the Prague metropolitan region and 2) a detailed analysis of the selected cadastral units. It was proven that the differences between both datasets are significant and they share certain characteristics. Most of the differences are distributed in the classes of the built-up areas, gardens, and other areas. Smaller differences are characteristic for waterways, agricultural lands, and forests. This study provides relevant information on the evaluated databases with the intention of raising awareness of their limits, strengths, and weaknesses. The results enhance the scientific knowledge about the Urban Atlas and Czech cadastre of real estate databases, thereby facilitating decision-making about the options of their use.

scholarly journals São Paulo drought: trends in streamflow and their relationship to climate and human-induced change in Cantareira watershed, Southeast Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 750-767
Author(s):  
Gabriela Nicoleti de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Step Change ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
Regional Water

Abstract The 2013–2015 drought in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo exposed the lack of resilience of the regional water supply system, highly dependent on the Cantareira reservoirs. In this paper, inflows to each of the four main Cantareira reservoirs are tested for systematic change. Persistent trends in streamflow, rainfall, temperature and evapotranspiration are first evaluated. Streamflow was also tested for step change. Double-mass curves were employed to assess modification in the precipitation–runoff relationship. Subsequently, we used the climate elasticity method and the ABCD model to quantify the relative contribution of climate and human activities into the detected trends. Only Cachoeira and Atibainha sub-basins showed a significant downward trend in streamflow. The results for step change were also significant, and the year of occurrence coincided with breakpoints in precipitation–runoff relationship. For both Cachoeira and Atibainha, human activities had a more significant impact on streamflow reduction than climate variability. Land use and cover maps suggest that the reduction of pasture/abandoned land parallel to an increase in reforestation/silviculture is behind streamflow reduction. The results highlight the importance of coordinating land-use patterns and water management, as an important contributor beyond any considerations of a changing climate. Implications for better managing regional water resources are discussed.

scholarly journals Application of HEC-RAS model for estimating changes in watercourse geometry during floods

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Markowska ◽  
Jacek Markowski ◽  
Andrzej Drabiński
Keyword(s):  
River Channel ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Flood Wave ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Wave Impact ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Groundwater Level Fluctuations ◽  
Flood Waves

Abstract Groundwater table levels in a river valley depend, among other factors, on meteorological and hydrogeological conditions, land use and water levels in watercourses. The primary role of a watercourse is to collect surface and groundwater, and it becomes an infiltrating watercourse at high water levels. Changes in groundwater levels and the range of these changes depend chiefly on the shape, height and duration of the flood wave in the river channel. The assessment of flood wave impact on groundwater was based on long-term measurements of groundwater levels in the Odra valley and observations of water levels in the river channel. Simulations were performed with the use of in-house software FIZ (Filtracja i Zanieczyszczenia; Filtration and Contamination), designed for modelling unsteady water flows within a fully saturated zone. A two-dimensional model with two spatial variables was employed. The process of groundwater flow through a porous medium, non-homogeneous in terms of water permeability, was described with Boussinesq equation. The equation was solved with the use of finite element method. The model was applied to assess groundwater level fluctuations in the Odra valley in the context of actual flood waves on the river. Variations in groundwater table in the valley were analysed in relation to selected actual flood water levels in the Odra in 2001-2003 and 2010. The period from 2001 to 2003 was used to verify the model. A satisfactory agreement between the calculated and the measured values was obtained. Based on simulation calculations, it was proved that flood waves observed in 2010 caused a rise in groundwater table levels in a belt of approximately 1000 metres from the watercourses. It was calculated that at the end of hydrological year 2009/2010, the highest growths, of up to 0.80 m, were observed on piezometers located close to the Odra river channel. The passage of several flood waves on the Odra caused an increase of subsurface retention by 3.0% compared to the initial state.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document