PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN ELECTRODERMAL LABILITY

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maribel H. Cruz ◽  
Randy J. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Cognitive Correlates ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Fluctuation Rate ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
The Subject

This study examined relationships between individual differences in the spontaneous fluctuation rate of electrodermal activity (EDA lability) and a battery of personality measures. In contrast to previous work, which emphasizes cognitive correlates of EDA lability, in this study a broad-band personality inventory and specific emotion-relevant personality dispositions were administered. A sample of 62 male and female undergraduates completed a battery of personality questionnaires and a laboratory session where spontaneous, nonspecific skin conductance responses were recorded while the subject was at rest in a sound attenuated and dimly lit room. The strongest personality correlate of resting EDA lability, consistent across sexes, was neuroticism (N), with a high N Ss exhibiting more spontaneous sympathetic nervous system activity than low N Ss. Beyond Neuroticism, other results reveal a different pattern of personality correlates of EDA lability in men and women. Discussion focuses on possible sources for this sex difference.

scholarly journals Electrodermal activity responses for quantitative assessment of felt pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dindar S. Bari ◽  
Haval Y. Yacoob Aldosky ◽  
Christian Tronstad ◽  
Håvard Kalvøy ◽  
Ørjan G. Martinsen
Keyword(s):  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Skin Potential ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Experienced Pain ◽  
Pain Detection ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Electrical Stimulator

Abstract Accurate assessment of experienced pain is a well-known problem in the clinical practices. Therefore, a proper method for pain detection is highly desirable. Electrodermal activity (EDA) is known as a measure of the sympathetic nervous system activity, which changes during various mental stresses. As pain causes mental stress, EDA measures may reflect the felt pain. This study aims to evaluate changes in skin conductance responses (SCRs), skin potential responses (SPRs), and skin susceptance responses (SSRs) simultaneously as a result of sequences of electrical (painful) stimuli with different intensities. EDA responses as results of painful stimuli were recorded from 40 healthy volunteers. The stimuli with three different intensities were produced by using an electrical stimulator. EDA responses significantly changed (increased) with respect to the intensity of the stimuli. Both SCRs and SSRs showed linear relationship with the painful stimuli. It was found that the EDA responses, particularly SCRs (p < 0.001) and SSRs (p = 0.001) were linearly affected by the intensity of the painful stimuli. EDA responses, in particular SCRs, may be used as a useful indicator for assessment of experienced pain in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Comprehension and Eye Movements in the Processing of Subject- and Object-Relative Clauses: Evidence from Dyslexia and Individual Differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Marianna Stella ◽  
Paul E. Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Sentence Type ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Difficulty ◽  
Object Relative

In this study, we examined eye movements and comprehension in sentences containing a relative clause. To date, few studies have focused on syntactic processing in dyslexia and so one goal of the study is to contribute to this gap in the experimental literature. A second goal is to contribute to theoretical psycholinguistic debate concerning the cause and the location of the processing difficulty associated with object-relative clauses. We compared dyslexic readers (n = 50) to a group of non-dyslexic controls (n = 50). We also assessed two key individual differences variables (working memory and verbal intelligence), which have been theorised to impact reading times and comprehension of subject- and object-relative clauses. The results showed that dyslexics and controls had similar comprehension accuracy. However, reading times showed participants with dyslexia spent significantly longer reading the sentences compared to controls (i.e., a main effect of dyslexia). In general, sentence type did not interact with dyslexia status. With respect to individual differences and the theoretical debate, we found that processing difficulty between the subject and object relatives was no longer significant when individual differences in working memory were controlled. Thus, our findings support theories, which assume that working memory demands are responsible for the processing difficulty incurred by (1) individuals with dyslexia and (2) object-relative clauses as compared to subject relative clauses.

scholarly journals Personality correlates of individual differences in the recruitment of cognitive mechanisms when rewards are at stake

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. e12987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan J. Heritage ◽  
Laura J. Long ◽  
Geoffrey F. Woodman ◽  
David H. Zald
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Personality Correlates

Cognitive correlates and components in the analysis of individual differences

Intelligence ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Pellegrino ◽  
Robert Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Correlates

scholarly journals Touch and social support influence interpersonal synchrony and pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1064-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne C Reddan ◽  
Hannah Young ◽  
Julia Falkner ◽  
Marina López-Solà ◽  
Tor D Wager
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Interpersonal Touch ◽  
Interpersonal Synchrony ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Pain Ratings ◽  
Lower Pain ◽  
Support Conditions

Abstract Interpersonal touch and social support can influence physical health, mental well-being and pain. However, the mechanisms by which supportive touch promotes analgesia are not well understood. In Study 1, we tested how three kinds of social support from a romantic partner (passive presence, gentle stroking and handholding) affect pain ratings and skin conductance responses (SCRs). Overall, support reduced pain ratings in women, but not men, relative to baseline. Support decreased pain-related SCRs in both women and men. Though there were no significant differences across the three support conditions, effects were largest during handholding. Handholding also reduced SCRs in the supportive partner. Additionally, synchronicity in couples’ SCR was correlated with reductions in self-reported pain, and individual differences in synchrony were correlated with the partner’s trait empathy. In Study 2, we re-analyzed an existing dataset to explore fMRI activity related to individual differences in handholding analgesia effects in women. Increased activity in a distributed set of brain regions, including valuation-encoding frontostriatal areas, was correlated with lower pain ratings. These results may suggest that social support can reduce pain by changing the value of nociceptive signals. This reduction may be moderated by interpersonal synchrony and relationship dynamics.

scholarly journals The neural representation of facial-emotion categories reflects conceptual structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (32) ◽  
pp. 15861-15870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Brooks ◽  
Junichi Chikazoe ◽  
Norihiro Sadato ◽  
Jonathan B. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Concept Knowledge ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
The Right

Humans reliably categorize configurations of facial actions into specific emotion categories, leading some to argue that this process is invariant between individuals and cultures. However, growing behavioral evidence suggests that factors such as emotion-concept knowledge may shape the way emotions are visually perceived, leading to variability—rather than universality—in facial-emotion perception. Understanding variability in emotion perception is only emerging, and the neural basis of any impact from the structure of emotion-concept knowledge remains unknown. In a neuroimaging study, we used a representational similarity analysis (RSA) approach to measure the correspondence between the conceptual, perceptual, and neural representational structures of the six emotion categories Anger, Disgust, Fear, Happiness, Sadness, and Surprise. We found that subjects exhibited individual differences in their conceptual structure of emotions, which predicted their own unique perceptual structure. When viewing faces, the representational structure of multivoxel patterns in the right fusiform gyrus was significantly predicted by a subject’s unique conceptual structure, even when controlling for potential physical similarity in the faces themselves. Finally, cross-cultural differences in emotion perception were also observed, which could be explained by individual differences in conceptual structure. Our results suggest that the representational structure of emotion expressions in visual face-processing regions may be shaped by idiosyncratic conceptual understanding of emotion categories.

scholarly journals Physiological synchrony predicts observational threat learning in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1927) ◽  
pp. 20192779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Pärnamets ◽  
Lisa Espinosa ◽  
Andreas Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Activity ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Interpersonal Synchrony ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Physiological Synchrony ◽  
Conditioned Responses

Understanding how information about threats in the environment is shared and transmitted between individuals is crucial for explaining adaptive, survival-related behaviour in humans and other animals, and for developing treatments for phobias and other anxiety disorders. Research across species has shown that observing a conspecific’s, a ‘demonstrator’s,’ threat responses causes strong and persistent threat memories in the ‘observer’. Here, we examined if physiological synchrony between demonstrator and observer can serve to predict the strength of observationally acquired conditioned responses. We measured synchrony between demonstrators’ and observers’ phasic electrodermal signals during learning, which directly reflects autonomic nervous system activity. Prior interpersonal synchrony predicted the strength of the observer’s later skin conductance responses to threat predicting stimuli, in the absence of the demonstrator. Dynamic coupling between an observer’s and a demonstrator’s autonomic nervous system activity may reflect experience sharing processes facilitating the formation of observational threat associations.

A Measure of Individual Differences in Sex Stereotyping and Sex Discrimination: The “Macho” Scale

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne J. Villemez ◽  
John C. Touhey
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Stereotyping ◽  
Personality Correlates

A personality measure of individual differences in sex-role stereotyping and sex discrimination was developed. The “Macho” scale fulfills satisfactory psychometric criteria of internal consistency and reliability, and the 28 items are controlled for social desirability. Personality correlates of macho include sex-role orientation among males, and authoritarianism, and the scale discriminates between criterion groups selected from different ethnic and educational subcultures. Research applications of the scale to experimental and correlational studies in personality, social psychology, and sociology are proposed.

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