Outcomes of Play-Based Home Support for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 65S-80S
Author(s):  
Oktay Taymaz Sari
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Early Education ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Family Education ◽  
Autism Symptoms ◽  
Home Support

Play-based home support is an important early education option that leads to positive changes in the development of children who are either at risk of, or have been diagnosed with, developmental disorders. In this case study I analyzed the second year of an education program, based on play-based home support and family education offered to a 4-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder. I found that: (a) the child demonstrated progress in skills covered by the individualized education, (b) there was a consequential decrease in intensity of autism symptoms, (c) there was evidence of development of the child's attention during playtime, and (d) the child's communication and speech skills showed improvement. The implications of this case study are further discussed in relation to natural learning settings, family cooperation, and early education for children at risk of developmental disorders.

Social Processes and Risk for Autism

2019 ◽  
pp. 349-370
Author(s):  
Cheryl Klaiman ◽  
Celine A. Saulnier ◽  
Emily Rubin ◽  
Katarzyna Chawarska ◽  
Ami Klin
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Social Disabilities

This chapter provides an overview of early milestones for social development and discusses the markers for social disabilities, such as autism spectrum disorder, that can be identified in children at risk. The principles and elements of a comprehensive clinical evaluation of infants and toddlers at risk for autism spectrum disorder will be discussed, including how to differentiate social disabilities from non–autism spectrum disorder developmental disorders. While some of these principles can build on proven experience in the assessment of older children (Klin, Carter, & Sparrow, 1997), there is an emphasis on unique challenges and opportunities associated with our attempt to intuit, measure, and explain social development at these tender ages (Chawarska, Klin, Paul, Macari, & Volkmar, 2009; Macari et al., 2012; Zwaigenbaum et al., 2009).

scholarly journals Parent-Mediated Interventions for Infants under 24 Months at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei L. Law ◽  
Jatinder Singh ◽  
Mathilde Mastroianni ◽  
Paramala Santosh
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Randomized Controlled

AbstractProdromal symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been detected within the first year of life. This review evaluated evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of parent-mediated interventions for infants under 24 months who are at risk for ASD. Electronic databases, including grey literature, were searched up till November 2019. Seven RCTs were identified. There was substantial heterogeneity in recruitment, outcome measures and effect size calculations. Interventions did not reduce the risk of later ASD diagnosis and post-intervention effects on infant outcomes were inconsistent, with five studies reporting significant improvements across both treatment and control groups. Moderate level of evidence of intervention effects on parental interaction skills and the small number of RCTs, and significant limitations restrict generalizability across studies.

scholarly journals Natural language processing (NLP) tools in extracting biomedical concepts from research articles: a case study on autism spectrum disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (S11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Peng ◽  
Mengge Zhao ◽  
James Havrilla ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
Chunhua Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Research Articles

Abstract Background Natural language processing (NLP) tools can facilitate the extraction of biomedical concepts from unstructured free texts, such as research articles or clinical notes. The NLP software tools CLAMP, cTAKES, and MetaMap are among the most widely used tools to extract biomedical concept entities. However, their performance in extracting disease-specific terminology from literature has not been compared extensively, especially for complex neuropsychiatric disorders with a diverse set of phenotypic and clinical manifestations. Methods We comparatively evaluated these NLP tools using autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a case study. We collected 827 ASD-related terms based on previous literature as the benchmark list for performance evaluation. Then, we applied CLAMP, cTAKES, and MetaMap on 544 full-text articles and 20,408 abstracts from PubMed to extract ASD-related terms. We evaluated the predictive performance using precision, recall, and F1 score. Results We found that CLAMP has the best performance in terms of F1 score followed by cTAKES and then MetaMap. Our results show that CLAMP has much higher precision than cTAKES and MetaMap, while cTAKES and MetaMap have higher recall than CLAMP. Conclusion The analysis protocols used in this study can be applied to other neuropsychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders that lack well-defined terminology sets to describe their phenotypic presentations.

Assessment and Treatment of Selective Mutism in a Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 153465012098345
Author(s):  
Mirela Cengher ◽  
Joy C. Clayborne ◽  
Adrianna E. Crouch ◽  
Julia T. O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Selective Mutism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

Over 60% of children diagnosed with selective mutism are also diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Previous research established that behavioral interventions are effective at increasing speech in children with both diagnoses. However, few studies conducted assessments to determine environmental variables that inhibit speech, and such assessments are necessary for the development of effective and efficient treatments. This case study describes an assessment that evaluated the function(s) of selective mutism. The results confirmed that the participant did not talk to avoid social interaction and that mutism occurred primarily in the presence of multiple, unfamiliar people. Our first treatment focused on increasing tolerance for social interaction, demonstrated by an increase in speech production in the presence of unfamiliar people. Our second treatment focused on increasing qualitative aspects of the participant’s speech (i.e., both responses and initiations). Finally, we taught the participant’s parents to implement the treatment in naturalistic settings, and the participant demonstrated generalization of treatment effects across people and settings. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.

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