Undergraduates' day-to-day lying behaviors: Implications, targets, and psychological characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1329-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Lin Chiu ◽  
Fu-Yuan Hong ◽  
Shao-I Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Significant Gender Difference ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

We analyzed undergraduates' (N = 232) day-to-day lying behavior in order to explore the frequency of occurrence, kinds of lying behavior, and gender differences, and to analyze the relationship between lying behaviors and individual undergraduates' psychological characteristics. We developed a questionnaire and analyzed the results using descriptive statistics, t tests, and Pearson product-moment correlation analysis. Results showed that the undergraduates' day-to-day behavior could be divided into the following 5 types of lying: excuse, absenteeism, cheating, negative, and spending. More than 80% of the undergraduates said they had told a lie in a day-to-day situation within the 1-year period covered in this study. There was no significant gender difference in any aspect of the undergraduates' day-to-day lying behavior, although there was a significant correlation between day-to-day lying behavior and negative psychological characteristics.

scholarly journals ANALISIS GENDER DAN INTELLECTUAL INTELLIGENCE TERHADAP KREATIVITAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Mardhiah Masril ◽  
Oskah Dakhi ◽  
Torkis Nasution ◽  
Ambiyar Ambiyar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
School Students ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Multiple Correlation Analysis ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="StyleAuthorBold"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perbedaan gender dan <em>intellectual intelligence</em> terhadap kreativitas siswa sekolah dasar. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 60 siswa yang dipilih secara <em>simple</em> <em>random sampling. </em>Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu <em>Coloured Progressive Matrices</em> dan <em>Figural Creativity Test</em> untuk menentukan tingkat <em>intellectual intelligence</em> dan kreativitas siswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis korelasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: kemampuan <em>intellectual intelligence</em> berkaitan dengan kemampuan untuk berkreativitas; tidak ditemukan perbedaan gender terhadap kemampuan berkreativitas; dan analisis korelasi berganda terhadap kemampuan <em>intellectual intelligence</em> dan perbedaan gender menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan dengan kemampuan kreativitas siswa.</p><p> </p><p class="StyleAuthorBold"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The research aimed to determine the relationship between gender differences and intellectual intelligence on the creativity of elementary school students. The research sample consisted of 60 students who were selected by simple random sampling. The instruments used were Colored Progressive Matrices and Figural Creativity Test to determine the level of intellectual intelligence and creativity of students. The data analysis technique used correlation analysis. The results of the analysis showed that: intellectual intelligence ability was related to the ability to be creative; no gender differences were found on creativity skills, and multiple correlation analysis on intellectual intelligence abilities and gender differences showed no relationship with students' creative abilities.</em></p>

Sex and Gender

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turk Rhen ◽  
David Crews
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Evolution Of Sex ◽  
Central Process ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
The Relationship

In this chapter, sex will refer to the central process of meiosis and syngamy in eukaryotic organisms. Although some form of sexuality characterizes the life cycle of many eukaryotic organisms (i.e., virtually all fungi, plants, and animals), not all eukaryotes are sexual (e.g., many protists) (Margulis 1970, 1996; Bell 1982). Certain asexual protists, for example, only undergo mitosis and never alternate between haploid and diploid stages by way of meiosis and syngamy. Consequently, one of the most fundamental questions in biology is: Why do certain organisms go through meiosis and syngamy while others do not? Despite the apparent simplicity of this query, evolutionary biologists have not provided an entirely satisfactory explanation for the evolution of sex. Much of the difficulty arises because there appears to be no single answer. Moreover, sex is often confused with other associated phenomenon. For instance, one completely subordinate, but intimately related, occurrence is the evolution of gender in organisms that go through meiosis and syngamy. In his essay on the evolution of sex, Ghiselin (1988) aptly wrote, “Gender means the differentiation into males, females, and such alternatives as hermaphrodites. It also includes the differences between sperm and eggs. Such differences are important because they create the circumstances that make sex a puzzle” (p. 9). Yet he dismisses this subject in the next sentence: “Otherwise we are not much concerned about gender either.” Here we clarify the relationship between the evolution of sex and the evolution of gender. This is a critical concept to comprehend because gender differences are nearly universal in sexual organisms. We also discuss some of the major hypotheses proposed to explain why sex exists and recent empirical work that sheds light on the factors that may favor meiosis and syngamy, regardless of gender differences. In the remainder of the chapter, we present a more thorough analysis of the evolution of gender, including a discussion of what the fundamental gender difference is and why there are so many different mechanisms that produce more derived gender differences.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Spirituality and Marital Adjustment Among Single and Dual Earner Couples in Indian Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 625-630
Author(s):  
Raksha Singh ◽  
Anshubhi Bahadur
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Working Couples ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

The present study aimed to examine the gender differences in spirituality and marital adjustment among single and dual earner couples between 25 to 45 years of age range ( working couples= 100; male =50 and female=50, Single earner couples=100; working males=50, non-working females=50) . The total sample consisted of 200 participants. The Spirituality Scale developed by S S Haidari and Marital Adjustment Questionnaire ( MAQ ) developed by Kanchana Rohatgi and Pramod Kumar were used for collection of data.. Exploratory analyses and two way ANOVA was applied across gender and variables. Correlation analysis was conducted out in order to have a better understanding about the relationship between variables. Results indicate that women are better in spirituality than men, and dual earner female couples have higher mean scores in spirituality than other groups. Findings also reveal that there is no significant gender difference in marital adjustment among single and dual earner couples .And there is positive correlation between Spirituality and marital adjustment.

Mindfulness and gender differences in ethical beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tavleen Kaur Dhandra ◽  
Hyun Jung Park
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Consumer Ethics ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Ethical Beliefs ◽  
Unethical Practices ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Consumer Ethics Scale ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to examine the ethical beliefs of consumers with regards to their levels of mindfulness. Furthermore, it aims to investigate if mindfulness is related to gender differences among respondents in their ethical beliefs about consumer unethical practices. Design/methodology/approach University students in India were surveyed with self-administered questionnaires comprising the consumer ethics scale and mindfulness attention awareness scale. Mediation analysis was conducted to test whether gender differences in ethical judgements are due to the different levels of mindfulness. Findings The results indicate that mindfulness is not only a predictor of ethical beliefs but also a mediator of the relationship between gender and ethical beliefs. Individuals with greater mindfulness reported greater acceptance towards the five dimensions of consumer ethics scale. Indian male participants were found to be more mindful and lenient in ethical judgements than female participants. Originality/value The present work is a novel attempt in examining the effect of mindfulness on the relationship between gender and ethical beliefs of consumers. The results of this study can have positive implications for organizations, managers, public policy makers and consumers.

scholarly journals Marketing Innovations in Industry 4.0 and Their Impacts on Current Enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otakar Ungerman ◽  
Jaroslava Dědková
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
The Relationship

This paper discussed the marketing innovations associated with Industry 4.0 and the effects that these innovative approaches cause. The main aim of the research was to discover the relationship between marketing innovations and their effects. Knowledge of this relationship can be used for the strategic planning of industrial companies in practice. The research methodology consisted of pilot research followed by primary research in industrial enterprises. The data were evaluated by descriptive statistics, statistical hypothesis, and correlation analysis. Through the research, the authors identified the importance of 17 innovative marketing tools and the strength of the use of 11 effects resulting from the implementation of these tools. The authors identified the relationships between tools and their implications in Industry 4.0 where a correlation was demonstrated. A list of 11 strategic objectives was created and, subsequently, a specific marketing mix proposal for each objective consisting of innovative marketing tools was as well. The results of this work enable enterprises involved in Industry 4.0 to better plan.

scholarly journals Examining Gender Differences, Personality Traits, Academic Performance, and Motivation in Ukrainian and Polish Students of Physical Education: A Cross-Cultural Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Kuśnierz ◽  
Aleksandra M. Rogowska ◽  
Iuliia Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Background: This study examined the relationship of academic performance with the Big Five traits of personality, academic motivation, and gender in a cross-cultural context. Methods: Participants in the study were 424 university students of physical education (PE) departments from Poland (53%) and Ukraine (47%). Undergraduates completed a brief version of the International Personality Item Pool (Mini-IPIP) to assess the Five-Factor model of personality, the Academic Motivations Scale (AMS), and grade point average (GPA). Results: Polish PE students scored higher in emotional stability and extroversion and had a higher GPA than Ukrainian PE undergraduates. Gender differences were found in both personality traits and academic motivation scales. Intrinsic motivation may predict academic performance. Conscientiousness and intellect emerged as mediators of the relationship between intrinsic motivation and academic performance and gender was found as a moderator in the relationship between conscientiousness and academic success. Conclusions: Women are more motivated regarding academic achievements than men. In addition to intrinsic motivation, the most important factors for academic grades are some personality traits, gender, and cultural differences. Openness and conscientiousness in men are mediators between intrinsic motivation and academic performance. The results of this study may be useful for PE academic teachers to improve the motivation of their students.

scholarly journals Relationship between Empathy, Forgiveness and Marital Adjustment in Couples

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Gaur ◽  
Dr Aradhana Balodi Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Marital adjustment is gaining increasing concern in the modern society. Marital adjustment is a process during which partners in a marriage change and adapt to their new roles accompanying each other acting as a team different to two separate units. Levels of empathy and levels of forgiveness could be factors in determining a relationship with marital adjustment. Marital adjustment is an important predictor and factors like empathy and forgiveness that enhance the marital quality and marital satisfaction in a marriage can be studied as mediators of marital adjustment. High levels of empathy will have a positive relationship with marital adjustment. High levels of forgiveness will have a positive relationship with marital adjustment. Focusing on forgiveness and empathy as having a positive relationship with marital adjustment, it can be said the ability to forgive a partner and the willingness to grant forgiveness is on of the most important contributors to marital adjustment. Empathy between couples means having the ability to feel and understand the thoughts and emotions of the other partner. Having the ability to listen to and relating to the partner’s feelings is very important and this has a great impact on how the relationship works thereby affecting the levels of adjustment. Methods: The current study aimed at studying the relationship between empathy, forgiveness and marital adjustment in couples. The study was conducted on 80 married individuals, i.e, 40 married males and40 married females. It was hypothesized that higher levels of forgiveness would have a positive relationship with marital adjustment; higher levels of empathy would have a positive relationship with marital adjustment. It was also hypothesized that there would be significant gender differences in regard of forgiveness and empathy between couples. Results & Implications: The study reported that higher levels of empathy have a positive relationship with marital adjustment. On the dimensions of forgiveness also the study reported a positive relationship between forgiveness and marital adjustment. There were significant gender differences between males and females on the domains of empathy and forgiveness in a marital relationship. The study provides an opportunity for further research across age and gender to uncover the possible differences or similarities that may be present. Also it adds to the already existing data pool with equivocal studies.

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