scholarly journals Determinants of Compliance with Standard Practices of Pesticide Use Among Cocoa Farmers in Southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-300
Author(s):  
Anthony Eghe Agbongiarhuoy ◽  
Ogbaraeno Pippy Fawole
Keyword(s):  
Information Access ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Standard Practices ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

Cocoa production in Nigeria is limited due to pests and diseases. In an attempt to control these, farmers apply pesticides which leave chemical residue in cocoa beans. There are established standard practices to address the abuse in use of pesticides. However, there is dearth of information on factors that predispose cocoa farmers to comply with approved standard practices. Therefore, determinants of compliance with standard practices of pesticide use by cocoa farmers in Southwestern Nigeria were investigated. A three-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents. Two cocoa producing States (Oyo and Ondo) were purposively selected. Two Local Government Areas (LGAs) known for cocoa production were selected from each state. Systematic random sampling was used to select 10% of registered farmers to give 354 respondents. Interview schedule was used to collect data on respondents’ variables. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression at  0.05. Most farmers were male (70.3%) and had secondary education (31.9%). Respondents’ age and farmingexperience were 58.0 and 27.0 years, respectively. Farmers’ yield and annual income were 0.449 tonnes obtained from an average of 6.25 ha cocoa farm size andN1,331,519.60 equivalent to $3,698.67, respectively. Determinants of compliance with standard practices of pesticides use for both dosage and procedure were determined by age ( = -0.20), income ( = 0.15), exposure to information (= 0.36), constraints ( = -0.27) and accessibility to approved pesticides ( = -0.11). Exposure of farmers to information and realising more money motivates them to purchase approved pesticides that will aid compliance with standard practices. As age of farmer increases, the ability to comply will be limited. A farmer who is constraint with poor access to recommended pesticides will go for unapproved types which are against compliance. Concerted efforts should be put in place by relevant bodies to ensure sustainable income, information access for respondents in order to adhere to recommended protocols and enhanced cocoa yield.

scholarly journals Adoption Levels of Cocoa Rehabilitation Programmes in South West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-189
Author(s):  
Oluwole Matthew Akinnagbe
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
South West ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Cocoa Farmers ◽  
Cocoa Seedlings

Cocoa is an important crop to the economies of countries such as Nigeria, Cote D’Ivoire, Ghana and Cameroon in West Africa. This study ascertained the adoption levels of farmers in cocoa rehabilitation programmes in South West, Nigeria. Data for the study were collected from 240 cocoa farmers through the use of interview schedule and focus group discussion. Multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting respondents. Data were analysed using percentage and mean statistics. Results revealed that, adoption index was high in planting young cocoa seedlings under old cocoa trees for the three groups of farmers - farmers that benefitted from government agency cocoa resuscitation programme (98.0%), farmers that benefitted from non-governmental agency cocoa resuscitation programme (94.0%) and farmers that benefitted from both governmental and non-governmental agencies cocoa resuscitation programmes (95.0%). Low adoption index (38.0%, 32.0% and 33.0%) were recorded in coppicing technique for the three groups of farmers, respectively. The most helpful agency in the adoption of cocoa resuscitation programmes was Agricultural Development Programme (M=2.80). To improve the level of adoption of cocoa resuscitation programmes, Federal Government of Nigeria through Ministry of Agriculture should provide more incentives geared towards encouraging increased participation of the organized private sector in cocoa production.

scholarly journals Determinants and Policy Ramifications of Cocoa Farmers’ Use of Agrochemicals in Cocoa-Based (Theobroma cacao) Agroforestry Systems in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Azembouh Roshinus Tsufac ◽  
Nyong Princely Awazi ◽  
Bernard Palmer Kfuban Yerima
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

The application of agrochemicals in agroforestry systems in general and cocoa-based agroforestry systems in particular is unprecedented as agroforestry systems are considered as environmentally benign, agro-ecological and sustainable agricultural systems. It was within this context that this study was undertaken to examine the determinants of cocoa farmers’ use of agrochemical in cocoa-based agroforestry systems. Through a mixed research approach, and data analysis using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical tools, it was found that the main types of herbicides used by cocoa farmers in cocoa-based agroforestry systems are Paraquat (50%) and Glyphosate (40%). For fungicides, the main types used were Mancozeb (70%), Maneb (65%), Ridomil (60%), Caocobre (50%), and Nordox (40%). For insecticides, the main types used were Methyl (65%), Imidacloprid (60%), Endosulfan (50%), Cypermethrin (50%), and Fenobucarp (40%). The most common pests and diseases affecting cocoa perceived by cocoa farmers in cocoa-based agroforestry systems were Black pod – Phytophtora spp (100%), Capsid/Mirids – Distantiella theobroma and Sahlbergella singularis (100%), Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus Disease – CSSVD (60%), Witches’ broom – Crinipellis perniciosa (50%) and Vascular streak dieback (40%). Most cocoa farmers perceived that the use of all three agrochemicals (herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides) in cocoa-based agroforestry systems have negative socio-economic and environmental impacts.  From Spearman rank correlation and logistic regression coefficients, it was noticed that the main explanatory variables having a statistically significant direct non-cause-effect and cause-effect relationship (p<0.05) with cocoa farmers’ use of agrochemicals in cocoa-based agroforestry systems were gender, income, availability of agrochemicals, access to information, membership in farming groups, and access to extension services. Meanwhile the main explanatory variables having a statistically significant indirect or inverse non-cause-effect and cause-effect relationship (p<0.05) with cocoa farmers’ use of agrochemicals in cocoa-based agroforestry systems were farm size and number of farms. It is recommended that policy makers take a critical look at the different agrochemicals used by cocoa farmers as well as the determinants of their use when formulating policies geared towards ensuring the sustainable use of these agrochemicals in cocoa-based agroforestry systems.

scholarly journals Determinants of access to credit by cocoa farmers in osun state, nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
JTO Oke ◽  
AD Kehinde ◽  
AJ Akindele
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
High Interest Rate ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Credit Association ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

This study investigated the determinants of access to credit among cocoa farmers in Osun state, Nigeria. Specifically, the study described the socio-economic characteristics of cocoa farmers in the study area, examined the factors affecting access to credit by cocoa farmers in the study area; and identified the constraints faced by cocoa farmers in credit acquisition. The study was conducted in Osun state, south-western Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used for selecting respondents for this study. A total number of 180 farmers were selected for the study. Data were analyzed using Descriptive statistics and logit Regression. The results for the entire respondents showed average values of 46 years for age, 25 years for year of experience, 8 persons for household size, and about 88% of the respondents have formal education. Farm size (p<0.05), income (p<0.05) and years of schooling (p<0.05) show significant and positive effects on access to credit. On the other hand, gender (p<0.05), distance to credit source (p<0.1) and interest rate (p<0.01) are significant but have negative effects on access to credit by cocoa farmers in the study area. Majority (85.6%) of the cocoa farmers acknowledged lack of collateral security as a constraint in credit acquisition, while about 71.1 % acknowledged that high interest rate was a factor hindering credit acquisition. Other factors are acknowledged in the following order: Bureaucratic procedures 60.6%, lack of information about available credit sources 45%, mode of repayment 40%, no credit association 31.1% and non- membership of farmers’-based organization had 23.3%. Following the findings of the study, government, non-governmental agencies and financial institutions should provide cocoa farmers with adequate access to credit facilities and soft loans with low interest and without collateral security. In addition, cocoa farmers should be educated on the acquisition of credit. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 9(2): 57-61, December 2019

scholarly journals Knowledge Sharing between Farmer Field School Graduate Farmers and Other Farmers on Improved Cocoa Cultivation Practices in Edo State, Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Solomon O. Ebewore
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

<p>This paper investigated the extent of knowledge sharing by cocoa FFS graduates farmers in Edo State with other cocoa farmers. The objectives of the study included to: ascertain the extent of knowledge sharing by FFS farmers, the nature of knowledge shared and the number of beneficiaries from the shared knowledge. A multistage sampling procedure was used to collect data from 68 respondents. A well structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Simple descriptive statistics (frequency counts and percentages) and logit regression were used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that there was no significant sharing of knowledge by the FFS farmers with other farmers as only 13(19.1%) FFS farmers were involved in knowledge sharing. The logit regression result showed that all the socio-economic variables except household size and farm size were insignificant in influencing the FFS farmers’ knowledge sharing abilities. From the findings of the study, it was therefore recommended that FFS graduate farmers should be encouraged to sign knowledge sharing contract, to organize field day and the need for FFS facilitators to monitor the graduates to ensure that the contractual agreement is adhered to should be stressed.</p>

scholarly journals Farmer satisfaction and cocoa cooperative performance: evidence from Tocache, Peru

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-234
Author(s):  
Angie Higuchi ◽  
Daniel Coq-Huelva ◽  
Ruth Arias-Gutierrez ◽  
Rafaela Alfalla-Luque
Keyword(s):  
Current Model ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Social Emotions ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Cocoa Farmers ◽  
Marketing Cooperatives ◽  
Different Levels

Cocoa marketing cooperatives are essential in the current model of governance of cocoa production and distribution in Peru and other developing countries. Because farmer satisfaction is particularly important for the success and development of cooperatives, this article focuses on an analysis of the factors related to farmer satisfaction as well as the identification of demographic and socio-economic elements that can explain the different levels of satisfaction among different cooperative members. Data obtained through a survey of 150 cocoa farmers were analyzed through three main statistical methods: (1) an exploratory factor analysis with a principal component analysis method; (2) cluster analysis; and (3) an independent samples t-test. The results confirm that farmer satisfaction is explained by a complex set of cognitive and psycho-social elements and pro-social emotions. Finally, the results indicate that some socio-economic features such as farm size or household size are associated with the varying existing levels of farmer satisfaction.

scholarly journals Fulani Herdsmen and Grazing Activities in Southwestern Nigeria: Yoruba Farm Youths’ Perception Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.O. Torimiro
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Perception Analysis

ABSTRACT This paper analyses Yoruba farm youths’ perceptions of conflict arising from Fulani herdsmen’s grazing activities in three of the six southwestern Nigerian states. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 360 respondents using a pretested and validated structured interview schedule to elicit information. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts and percentages were used to summarise the data while inferential statistics were used to validate the hypotheses of the study. The study revealed a high (98.0%) occurrence of Fulani herdsmen’s grazing activities with grazing on crops (mean =4.74) ranked 1st among surveyed occurrences. Overall, the farm youth negatively perceived the grazing activities of Fulani herders. At p d” 0.01 and 0.05, age (r = 0.28), number of children (r = 0.303) and farm experience (r = 0.478) show positive and significant correlations with youth’s perceptions of Fulani herdsmen’s grazing activities, while at p d” 0.05, household size (r = -1.18), farm size (r = - 0.126) and income (r = -0.103) had a negative but significant correlation with the youths’ perceptions. In conclusion, the Yoruba farm youth had negative perceptions about Fulani herdsmen’s grazing activities. It is recommended that the government needs to enact relevant legislations to guide the grazing of cattle and establish functional grazing reserves to enhance meeting herders’ needs and alleviating conflict situations between farmers and the herders.

scholarly journals Study of pesticide use on bitter gourd production at Jashore district

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
P Hajong ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
GC Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Pests And Diseases

The study was designed to assess the extent of pesticide use and profitability of bitter gourd production at farm level in selected areas of Jashore district during January-May, 2019. Average farm size was 0.79 ha and average bitter gourd cultivated area per farmer was 0.07 ha. Most of the farmer cultivated local variety, which is called Gajkorola and some farmer cultivated hybrid korola such as Gonggajoli, Tia and BARI Korola-1 variety. About ninety-nine percent farmers sprayed insecticides and fungicides in their fields to protect crops from different insect pests and diseases. Thirty-nine percent farmers used pheromone trap for crop protection. A farmer averagely used 11.19 times spray in their fields and its range was 5-18 times in a season. The average yield of bitter gourd was 16.74 t ha-1 for non-IPM farmer and 16.16 t ha-1 for IPM farmer. The average total cost of production of bitter gourd was Tk. 203984 ha-1 for non-IPM farmer and Tk. 191246 ha-1 for IPM farmer. Gross return was Tk. 389705 ha-1 and net return was Tk. 185721 ha-1 for non-IPM farmer. While, gross return of IPM farmer was Tk. 360828 ha-1 and net return was Tk. 169582 ha-1. Benefit cost ratio was 1.91 and 1.89 for non-IPM and IPM farmer, respectively that means bitter gourd production was profitable. Cent percent farmer reported that IPM technology was time-consuming method and it was not only the measures to protect pests. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(2): 110-115, December 2020

scholarly journals Effect of Climate Change on Cocoa Production in Ondo State, Nigeria.

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 2014-2025
Author(s):  
Owoeye R.S. ◽  
A.B. Sekumade
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

carried out on effect of climate change on cocoa production in Ondo State, Nigeria. It specifically identified the socio-economic characteristics, examined the coping strategies adopted by the farmers in adjusting to these problems, determined the factors affecting the coping strategies adopted by the farmers in adapting to climate change, examined the rainfall and  temperature patterns of the study area within the period of 1992 – 2012 and analyzed the effects of some climatic variables on cocoa production within the period of 1992-2012. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed to obtain data from 180 cocoa farmers that were purposively selected from 3 Local Government Areas in Ondo State being the highest producers it the State, these are; Ondo East, Akure South and Idanre LGA. Descriptive Statistical Analysis, Trend Analysis, Multiple Regression Model and Tobit Regression Modelwere used to analyze the data. About 62% of the cocoa farmers interviewed observed noticeable changes in temperature while 70% and 51% of the farmers reported increased changes in rainfall and sunlight respectively. Among the most prevalent climate change problems reported among cocoa farmers in the study area were; high incidence of black pod disease (80%), death of cocoa trees (75%), increase malaria incidence (65%),reduction in cocoa yield (63%) and inability to dry cocoa pods (61%). The trend analysis of cocoa production in the study area revealed that there was a sharp decrease in the volume of cocoa produced from 1992-2000while fluctuatingoccurrenceswere witnessed in the volume of cocoa produced till 2012. Also, there was variability in the rainfall, relative humidity and temperature patterns examined within the period under the study. The major coping strategies employed by the cocoa farmers in the study area were; use of chemicals (75%), mulching and planting trees (69%) different planting date (63%), monitoring weather (61%) and crop diversification (58%)while factors influencing coping strategies adoption by the cocoa farmers in the study were; level of education, farm size, access to extension service and farming experience. Keywords:Cocoa Production,

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Farmers’ Adoption of CRIN TC Cocoa Hybrid Technology in Oyo State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
Jonathan Akinsola Akinwale ◽  
Oluwajoba Emmanuel Folarin
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Hybrid Technology ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

Cocoa production in Nigeria has been on a downward trend in recent years. Low productivity from ageing cocoa trees and low technology uptake among the farmers are some of the contributing factors. Efforts are therefore ongoing to introduce cocoa hybrid technology to enhance cocoa farmers’ productivity. This study therefore examines factors influencing adoption of CRIN TC (TC 1- 8) cocoa hybrid technology among cocoa farmers in Oyo state, Nigeria. Using multi-stage sampling procedure, 80 respondents were sampled for the study. A well-structured questionnaire was used to gather information from the farmers. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The results revealed that most (83.8%) of the farmers were male with the mean age of 55 years. It also showed that 43.8% of the farmers completed primary education while majority (51.3%) had a household size of 6-10 persons with a mean household size of 5 persons. The study also showed that 80% of the cocoa farmers got their information regarding cocoa hybrid through research institute. It was also found that most of the farmers had high level of adoption. Meanwhile, high cost of agrochemicals was identified as a major constraint toward adoption of CRIN TC (TC 1- 8) cocoa hybrid. Meanwhile, farmers age (β=-0.007) farming experience (β=-0.004) were identified as the factors influencing farmers’ adoption of the cocoa hybrid. Governments at various levels are encouraged to subsidise the price of agrochemicals which was discovered as major constraint to adoption of CRIN TC (TC1-TC8) cocoa hybrid technology.

Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies on Cocoa Production in Ibarapa Central of Oyo State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 20478-20483
Author(s):  
Adebiyi, S. ◽  
Uwagboe, E. O. ◽  
Agbongiarhuoyi, A. E. ◽  
Oluyole, K. A, ◽  
Abdulkarim, I. F ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

In spite of various efforts of improving cocoa yield and farm’s production embarked upon by cocoa farmers, the nation has recorded poor yield due to the unending activities of men which has led to global warming. In view of the relevance of cocoa in the country’s gross domestic product, there is need to sustain efforts for increase production and productivity of the sector.   This research work examined the climate change and adaptation strategies on cocoa production in Ibarapa central local government area of Oyo state with sample size of 120 respondents. Data were collected from selected cocoa farmers with the aid of structured interview schedule and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that some respondents (60.6%) were still in their active age range with abundant family labour. The findings also revealed that majority (78.9%) of the respondents are small-scale farmers with less than 5 hectares of farm size while 94.5% of the respondents plant cover crops as regular adaptation strategy. Finance was a serious constraint faced by the respondents in the use of adaptation strategies in the study area. However, a significant relationship exists between respondent age education and farm size at P<0.05. It is recommended that farmers should be properly educated on current practices that will reduce the negative impact of climate change in cocoa farming environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document