scholarly journals Detection rate of fetal CNS anomalies by first and second trimester ultrasound screening

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Cns Anomalies

Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect CNS abnormalities in the first and second trimester by ultrasound. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on pregnant women who referred to the radiology department of Imam Reza and Valiasr hospitals in Tehran-Iran during 2019-2020. After obtaining informed consent, pregnant women were screened in the first trimester at week 13-13 and then in the second trimester at week 18-20 by a 5-8 MHz Ultrasound Transducer. Each ultrasound included examination of the fetal brain and vertebrae at the axial coronal and sagittal planes in the most important anatomical areas, including the trans-thalamic (TT) or the trans-ventricular (TV) plane, transverse cerebellar, and vertebral canal plan. Ultrasound of the first and second trimesters of all mothers was performed. Information of all pregnant mothers was collected and recorded. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25. Results: In this study, 2234 pregnant women were included in the study. The total rate of detected anomalies was found to be 1.3%. The rate of abnormalities detected in the first trimester was far less than in the second trimester. The prevalence of CNS anomalies in the population under 30 years of age was also found 0.9%, while it was 1.6% in the population over 30 years of age. Conclusion: Second-trimester ultrasound is the method of choice in diagnosing central nervous system abnormalities. However, first-trimester ultrasound is the diagnostic method for structural abnormalities of the skull.

scholarly journals Anxiety and depression in pregnant women amid COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Pravin Shrestha ◽  
Vibha Mahato ◽  
Anil Subedi ◽  
Shipra Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Hospital Patients

Background: COVID-19 has become a global pandemic. It has affected the psychological condition of pregnant women. Aims and Objective: This study aims to assess prevalence of depression and anxiety in pregnancy during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The current study was an observational, cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Manipal Teaching Hospital. Patients were assessed using Nepali version of Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for anxiety and depression respectively. Result: There were total of 115 patients in this study. The prevalence of anxiety according to BAI was 39.1%. The prevalence of depression according to BDI was 19%. There was a statistically significant difference in rate of anxiety according to maternal age (p value 0.028). Anxiety was higher in women less than 20 years of age. Anxiety symptoms were more prevalent i.e., 44.6% in third trimester followed by 31.4% in second trimester and 29.4% in first trimester. Symptoms of depression was higher in women more than 35 years of age (27.2%) and in second trimester of pregnancy (27.2%). Conclusion: Antenatal anxiety and depression are important issues because it impacts both maternal wellbeing and fetal health. Prevalence of anxiety and depression among pregnant women during COVID 19 pandemic was studied. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 39.1% and 19% respectively.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Prescriptions among China Ambulatory Care Visits of Pregnant Women: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Houyu Zhao ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Jiaming Bian ◽  
Siyan Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
National Level ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fetal Safety ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Background: Antibiotic use in pregnant women at the national level has rarely been reported in China. Objectives: We aimed to investigate antibiotic prescriptions during pregnancy in ambulatory care settings in China. Methods: Data of 4,574,961 ambulatory care visits of pregnant women from October 2014 to April 2018 were analyzed. Percentages of Antibiotic prescriptions by different subgroups and various diagnosis categories and proportions of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions for different subgroups were estimated. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pregnancy categories were used to describe the antibiotic prescription patterns. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the Clopper––Pearson method or Goodman method. Results: Among the 4,574,961 outpatient visits during pregnancy, 2.0% (92,514 visits; 95% CI, 2.0–2.0%) were prescribed at least one antibiotic. The percentage of antibiotic prescriptions for pregnant women aged >40 years was 4.9% (95% CI, 4.7–5.0%), whereas that for pregnant women aged 26–30 years was 1.5% (95% CI, 1.4–1.5%). In addition, percentages of antibiotic prescriptions varied among different trimesters of pregnancy, which were 5.4% (95% CI, 5.3–5.4%) for the visits in the first trimester of pregnancy and 0.5% (95% CI, 0.4–0.5%) in the third trimester of pregnancy. Furthermore, the percentages of antibiotic prescriptions substantially varied among different diagnosis categories and nearly three-quarters of antibiotic prescriptions had no clear indications and thus might be inappropriate. In total, 130,308 individual antibiotics were prescribed; among these, 60.4% (95% CI, 60.0–60.8%) belonged to FDA category B, 2.7% (95% CI, 2.1–3.5%) were classified as FDA category D and 16.8% (95% CI, 16.2–17.4%) were not assigned any FDA pregnancy category. Conclusions: Antibiotic prescriptions in ambulatory care during pregnancy were not highly prevalent in mainland China. However, a substantial proportion of antibiotics might have been prescribed without adequate indications. Antibiotics whose fetal safety has not been sufficiently illustrated were widely used in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study to assess etiology and associated factors for anaemia during first trimester of pregnancy in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka: a protocol

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Gayani Amarasinghe ◽  
Vasana Mendis ◽  
Thilini Agampodi
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy, which can lead to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, is a significant global health problem. Despite Sri Lanka’s strong public health system and commitment towards prevention, maternal anaemia remains a major problem in the country. While prevention is focused on iron deficiency, detailed etiological studies on this topic are scarce. Moreover, estimates of socio demographic and economic factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy, which can provide important clues for anaemia control, are also lacking. This study aims to evaluate the hemoglobin distribution, spatial distribution, etiology and associated factors for anaemia in pregnant women in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. Methods: This is a cross sectional study of pregnant women in their first trimester registered for antenatal care from July to September 2019 in the Anuradhapura district. The minimal sample size was calculated to be 1866. Initial data collection has already been carried out in special field clinics for pregnant women between June to October 2019. An interviewer-administered questionnaire, a self-completed dietary questionnaire and an examination checklist were used for data collection. In addition, all participants underwent complete blood count testing. Further investigations are being conducted for predicting the etiology of anaemia based on a developed algorithm (such as high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] and peripheral blood film analysis). Discussion: Being the largest study on anaemia during pregnancy in a single geographical area in Sri Lanka, this study will provide important clues about geographical clustering of anaemia cases with similar etiology, associated factors and etiologies which would help to develop interventions to improve the health of pregnant women in the area. The possibility of selection bias is a potential limitation associated with the study design.

scholarly journals Visual Acuity Changes during Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khashayar Mehdizadehkashi ◽  
Shahla Chaichian ◽  
Abolfazl Mehdizadehkashi ◽  
Ebrahim Jafarzadepour ◽  
Zeinab Tamannaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Myopic Shift

In this research, we represent the changes in visual acuity during pregnancy and after delivery. Changes as myopic shift start during second trimester and will be stopped after delivery; however it is obtained that women will have the same refractive error as what they had in the first trimester, after postpartum. So, any change in their spectacle prescription during this period is forbidden. As a result, not only changing in hormones can cause myopic shift in vision, but also overweight has its retributive role. What we are trying to do is to notify gynecologists and optometrists to be aware of these changes, so as to leave spectacle prescription writing to the session after postpartum period.

Intimate partner violence against pregnant women: sociodemographic profile and characteristics of the aggressions

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiane Beatriz da Silva ◽  
Rosely Erlach Goldman ◽  
Hugo Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Disease Notification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the sociodemographic profile and the main characteristics of violence by intimate partners in pregnant women in São Paulo, Brazil. Method: Cross-sectional study based on notifications for suspected or confirmed cases of inter-police violence from the National Disease Notification System (SINAN) carried out in the 2016-2019 period. Collection was performed between March and June 2020. Chi-squared test or Fisher’s Exact test were used in statistical analysis. Results: A total of 4,269 notifications were obtained and the prevalent profile was women between 20 and 34 years old (62.5%), brown or black (51.3%), who have completed high school (22.5%) in the first trimester of pregnancy (44.2%). Physical violence was more frequent (48.3%), occurred at home (59.1%), motivated by sexism (22.29%). Sexual violence or rape was more frequent (85.4%) with abortion in cases provided for by law (39%). Conclusion: Adult brown or black women in the first gestational trimester experienced physical violence more frequently.

scholarly journals Prenatal Detection of Fetal Anomalies at the 11- to 13-Week Scan—Part I: Brain, Face and Neck

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Illescas ◽  
Waldo Sepulveda ◽  
Begona Adiego ◽  
Pilar Martinez-Ten
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Brain ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nuchal Translucency ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Fetal Anomalies ◽  
Prenatal Detection ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Structural Anomalies

ABSTRACT In the last 20 years, the role of first-trimester ultrasound screening has expanded from individual calculation of the risk of aneuploidy through measurement of the nuchal translucency to a powerful technique to evaluate important aspects of the fetal anatomy. Traditionally, the full anatomy scan for detection of structural anomalies has been performed in the second trimester of pregnancy. However, with the implementation of the first-trimester scan at 11 to 13 weeks of gestation many of the structural anomalies traditionally detected in the second trimester can now be identified earlier in pregnancy. In the first part of this review we discuss the main ultrasound findings that may facilitate the prenatal detection of fetal brain, face and neck abnormalities in the first trimester of pregnancy. How to cite this article Sepulveda W, Illescas T, Adiego B, Martinez-Ten P. Prenatal Detection of Fetal Anomalies at the 11- to 13-Week Scan—Part I: Brain, Face and Neck. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(4):359-368.

scholarly journals Sexual Function Alteration in First Trimester of Pregnancy Among *** Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Dao Nhat Linh ◽  
Le Sy Phuc An ◽  
Le Minh Tam ◽  
Nguyen Vu Quoc Huy
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Sexual Function Index ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Female Sexual Function ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Function Index

Abstract Introduction: A healthy sexual life would contribute to a lasting intimate couple relationship; pregnant women were susceptible to physical, psychological and social changes leading to sexual alterations and dysfunction in pregnancy. In ***, despite not being a novel domain, sexuality has not been extensively evaluated due to the influence of Eastern tradition, which creating promotes unsecured feelings of insecurity when talking about sex.Aim: To investigate the female sexual function alteration during the 1st trimester of pregnancy and some related factors among *** women.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study comprising 383 women aged from 18 years old having routine antenatal visits at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, *** Hospital from April 2016 to March 2017. Data were collected by interviews using is Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire.Main outcome measures: Subjects’ sexual function alteration, using the validated *** version of Female Sexual Function Index.Results: The prevalence of women with female sexual function alteration before pregnancy was 53% and in 1st trimester was 88.8%. The frequency of intercourses during 1st trimester of pregnancy is lower than before pregnancy (p<0.05). The main reasons of no sexual activity during pregnancy were fear of harming the fetus (75.1%) and prefer not to be satisfied in the short-term rather than hurt the baby (73.5%). Factors affected female sexual function were age, time of living-together, age of 1st sexual intercourse, pregnancy planning, obstetrical history, sexual initiative, religion, academic level, and jobs (p<0.05).Conclusions: Sexual function alteration among first trimester pregnant women is a problem which should be considered, and medical staff should provide counseling to them to improve the quality of their sexual life and maintain normal course of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence rates of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus among first trimester pregnant women in Istanbul

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Aysegul Ozer ◽  
Mujde Canday ◽  
Aslihan Yurtkal ◽  
Ebru Alici Davutoglu ◽  
Yasam Kemal Akpak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Obstetric Clinic

Background: Toxoplasma Gondii, Rubella, and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) are the most common causes of congenital infections worldwide. There is not a consensus on these infectious agents should be screened during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of toxoplasma, rubella, and CMV infections in order to know the need for antenatal screening.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 1309 ambulatory pregnant patients who applied to the obstetric clinic of a university hospital between October 2016 and April 2018. Documents of patients in the first trimester were reviewed and serologic data of Toxoplasma gondii, CMV, Rubella infections were retrieved from the computer database.Results: Of 1309 pregnant women, positivity for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody was 352(26.9%), while 17(1.3%) of the subjects tested were positive for the anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody. These positivities of the pregnant women for anti-Rubella IgG and IgM were 1147(87.6%) and (0.1%), respectively. These positivities of the pregnant women for anti-CMV IgG and IgM were 1163(88.8%) and 17(1.3%), respectively.Conclusions: We detected high rates of immunity against Rubella and CMV but low rates of immunity against Toxoplasma in this retrospective cohort of pregnant women. Due to high rates of seropositivity against Rubella and CMV, routine nationwide screening may not be necessary.

scholarly journals Assessment of physical activity status among pregnant women in southwestern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Nan Yin ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Xing-Hui Liu ◽  
Bi-Ru Luo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exercise During Pregnancy

Abstract Objective To assess the patterns and intensities of physical activity among pregnant women in southwestern China, which help us create a fitness regimen based on the 2002 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines for exercise during pregnancy. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to recruit pregnant women at a prenatal checking visit clinic with the self-administered Chinese version of Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ). Results A total of 1179 Chinese pregnant women were enrolled, of whom 92.60% were classified as not meeting the ACOG guidelines. By intensity, 47.36% of the score was attributed to light-intensity activities (1.5 to <3.0 metabolic equivalent [MET]) in the first trimester; the other 2 trimesters were similar. By patterns, about 45.15% of the score was attributed to inactivity. More than 82.35% of enrolled pregnant women regarded slowly walking as the most common type of exercise during pregnancy. Conclusions This study represents a group of Chinese women who maintained an inactive lifestyle, including low-intensity activities and unitary type of exercises during their pregnancy. Health-care providers are advised to provide appropriate physical activity guidelines to pregnant women. Development of MET-hours/week recommendations is warranted to promote greater physical activity during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Malaria Detection using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Method in Pregnant Women’s Saliva on Several Hospitals in North Sulawesi Province

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewanto Khrisnamurti
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objective: To detect malaria by PCR examination of saliva in pregnant women and to obtain the incidence of malaria and the type of plasmodium causing malaria in pregnant women at various hospital in North Sulawesi. Method: A descriptive cross sectional study in pregnant women during antenatal care at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine University of Sam Ratulangi/Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou General Hospital in Manado, R.W. Monginsidi Hospital in Manado, Bethesda Hospital in Tomohon, and Datoe Binangkang Hospital in Kotamobagu, from 1 April until 31 May 2008. Result: There were 43 pregnant women clinically diagnosed with malaria, 23 (53.49%) by PCR examination of saliva and 20 (46.59%) by blood smears. From 23 cases of malaria in pregnancy detected by PCR, there were 18 diagnosed as tropical malaria, 3 tertian malaria, and 2 mixed malaria. Conclusions: The incidence of malaria in pregnancy at various hospital in North Sulawesi using PCR methods for saliva examination from April 1 - May 31 2008 is 53.49%. In this study malaria are mostly caused by Plasmodium falciparum with the largest incidence in primigravida, in the first trimester. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 36-1:14-9] Keywords: malaria, PCR, pregnancy, saliva

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