scholarly journals Comparison of the effect of oral diphenhydramine and midazolam on sedation of children

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Information Sheet ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Effective Sedation

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of diphenhydramine and midazolam on sedation of children. Methods: This clinical trial was performed on children aged 1 to 7 years who referred to the emergency department for diagnostic radiology. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of midazolam and diphenhydramine. Then, 30 minutes before the start of the procedure, 0.5 mg /kg was given to the midazolam group and 0.5 cc /kg to the diphenhydramine group. If sedation occurred, the child was separated from the parents and transferred to a diagnostic procedure. After performing the intended diagnostic procedure, the information sheet was completed and the patient's vital signs were checked again. The data were then analyzed by SPSS version 19 software. Results: A total of 74 patients were included in the study. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and gender (P = 0.89; P = 0.32). The mean sedation in the midazolam and diphenhydramine groups was 1.02 and 1.59 years, respectively. A significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of sedation (P = 0.04), where a greater effect of diphenhydramine on sedation was observed. Conclusion: The findings showed that the use of diphenhydramine resulted in effective sedation for children. Due to the fact that the main problem with midazolam is its bitter taste, which makes children reluctant to eat it, the use of diphenhydramine can be recommended.

A study of manual toothbrushing skills in children aged 3 to 11 years

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mentes ◽  
Julide Atukeren
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

The aim of the study was to evaluate toothbrushing management and ability of children in relation to age and gender. The study population consisted of 75 children and were divided into three equal groups as 3-5, 6-8 and 9-11 years of age.The grip type during toothbrushing was recorded on videotape.The most preferred grip types were distal (73%) followed by power (43%) and oblique grips (29%). There were a statistically significant differences between age groups and the grip types (p<0.001) but no significant difference was seen between boys and girls in grip preferences (p>0.05).The mean duration of toothbrushing was shorter in 3-5 years of age group (28 seconds) than the 6-8 and 9-11 age groups (35 and 47 seconds respectively).

The analysis of maxillary sinus aeration according to aging process; volume assessment by 3-dimensional reconstruction by high-resolutional CT scanning

2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beom-Cho Jun ◽  
Sun-Wha Song ◽  
Chan-Soon Park ◽  
Dong-Hee Lee ◽  
Kwang-Jae Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Maxillary Sinus Volume ◽  
Nasal Floor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate change of the maxillary sinus volume according to patient age and gender by using a 3-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of computed tomography images. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: One hundred seventy-three people (totaling 238 maxillary sinuses) who had undergone paranasal sinus CT scan between December 2000 and November 2003 and had no evidence of inflammation or hypoplasia in the CT finding and had no specific history of paranasal sinus surgery or maxillofacial trauma were retrospectively analyzed. The 3-D reconstruction images were obtained by using a surface-rendering technique (Vworks; CybeMed, Seoul, Korea) on a personal computer. The mean volume of maxillary sinus was evaluated according to patient chronologic age and gender. The ratio of the maximum horizontal and half-horizontal extension for the estimation of the morphological change of maxillary sinus and the degree of descent of the sinus below the nasal floor were evaluated in the 3-D image. RESULTS: The development of the maxillary sinus continued until the 3rd decade in males and until the 2nd decade in females. The mean maxillary sinus volume in early adults was 24,043 mm 3 (males) and 15,859.5 mm 3 (females). There was a significance difference in the sinus volume ( P < 0.05) according to gender, and there was a significant difference in the maxillary sinus volume according to age before it reached maximum. After its maximum growth period, however, there was no significant difference in the volume change of maxillary sinus and the descent below the nasal floor between two adjacent groups. CONCLUSIONS: The growth of the maxillary sinus continues until the 3rd decade in males and the 2nd decade in females. Therefore, a maxillary sinus operation affecting the bony structures before these ages might affect the development of the sinus and needs to be performed carefully

scholarly journals Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Study: Comparative Study of 10% Lidocaine Hydrochloride Solution with Lidocaine Prilocaine Emulsion Prior to Local Anesthetic Injection

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Naser Sargolzaei ◽  
Omid Rajabi ◽  
Yasaman Aleyasin ◽  
Kamran Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Lidocaine Hydrochloride ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Topical Anesthetics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Lidocaine Prilocaine

Background: The pain caused by the injection of local anesthetic has been reported as one of the main complaints of dental patients. Topical anesthetics are widely used drugs in dentistry, mainly to control pain associated with the needle penetration in the administration of local anesthesia. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate (5%,7.5% and 10%) concentrations of lidocaine/prilocaine agent, compared to the common 10% lidocaine hydrochloride spray in the oral cavity. Materials and Methods: This was a split-mouth double-blind, randomized clinical trial pilot study. We randomized 15 patients, ages 35 to 64 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II with severe chronic periodontitis who were referred to the dental clinic for surgery, to receive 4 topical anesthetics (5%, 7.5%, and 10%) lidocaine prilocaine emulsion and 10% lidocaine hydrochloride topical anesthetic agent before local infiltration. Primary outcomes were assessing drug safety and pain level that measured by assessment of visual analog scale (VAS) scores of pain during LA injection in the first premolar and second molar in each maxillary quadrant in 15 patients corresponding to the posterior superior alveolar nerve (PSA) and secondary outcome was the relationship between age and gender regarding pain perception, and a total of 60 regions were analyzed. Results: Results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between lidocaine hydrochloride and (5%,7.5% and 10%) lidocaine prilocaine in terms of pain reduction when the 4 different compounds were compared. According to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Friedman test, the age and gender of the patients had an insignificant correlation with the anesthetic effects of the four studied solutions. Conclusion: Based on these results, age and gender have insignificant effects on the pain scores and it can be said that the four solutions do not have significant differences regarding their anesthetic effects; also, we did not find any adverse reactions by using 7.5% and 10% lidocaine/prilocaine agent.

scholarly journals The interactive effect of preoperative consultation and operating room admission by a counselor on anxiety level and vital signs in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting surgery. A clinical trial study

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zandi Shirdel ◽  
Imani Behzad ◽  
Babak Manaf ◽  
Mehdi Saheb
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bypass Grafting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Objective. The purpose of this study was to provideappropriate preoperative supportive conditions to improveanxiety and vital signs for patients undergoing CoronaryArtery Bypass Grafting -CABG- surgery. Methods. This clinical trial study was performed on 90 patients undergoingCABG surgery in Farshchian Hospital of Hamadan, Iranin 2019. Sample was selected by convenience and wererandomly divided into three groups: control (n=30),intervention1 (n=30), and intervention2 (n=30). Thecontrol group received only the routine preoperativecounseling of ward and admitted to the operating roomas usual; the intervention1 and intervention2 groups inaddition received another two counseling sessions, thenthe intervention1 group was admitted in the operating room as usual, but the intervention2 group was admitted by the counselor in the operatingroom. Data were collected using a three-part questionnaire including demographiccharacteristics, vital signs chart, and the Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the meananxiety of the three groups after admission in the operating room (intervention2 waslower than intervention1 and control groups, p<0.001; and intervention 1 groupwas lower than control group, p<0.001) and also there was a significant differencebetween the mean systolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate of thethree groups (p<0.001) but the mean of the variables of temperature and diastolicblood pressure in the three groups were not significantly different (p=0.59 andp=0.225, respectively). Conclusion. Our results revealed preoperative consultationand admission in the operating room by the consultant can reduce the level ofanxiety and stability of vital signs of patients undergoing CABG.

scholarly journals A study of serum cortisol levels in patients with lichen planus

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Swaroopa Subhash ◽  
R. S. Bindu ◽  
Pradeep S. Nair ◽  
Anuja Elizabeth George
Keyword(s):  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Serum Cortisol Level ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
And Gender

Objectives: Primary objective was to compare between the serum cortisol levels in patients with lichen planus (LP) and normal subjects. The secondary objective was to compare between the serum cortisol levels of LP patients with and without oral lesions. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study comparing the serum cortisol levels in patients with LP with that of age- and gender-matched normal subjects who attended a tertiary referral centre. Results: There were a total of 52 patients with LP in this study. The mean age was 48.1 ± 12.6 years. Male/female ratio was 1:1.9. Fifteen (28.8%) patients gave a history of recent stress in the 1 month before the onset of illness. Classical LP (34, 65.4%) was the most common type. Oral cavity was involved in 24 patients (46.2%). The mean serum cortisol level of patients with LP was higher than the same noted in age- and gender-matched normal subjects and this was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Statistically significant difference (P = 0.02) was noted between the serum cortisol levels of patients with different types of LP. No significant difference in the cortisol levels was observed between LP patients with and without oral lesions. Limitations: The main limitation of the study was the small sample size. Conclusion: This study showed a significant increase in serum cortisol levels in patients with LP when compared to normal subjects, while no significant difference was noted in cortisol levels between LP patients with and without oral lesions.

ARE AGE AND GENDER EFFECTIVE FACTORS ON THE MORPHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF MENTAL FORAMEN?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Güldane MAĞAT ◽  
Mine ÇETİN ◽  
Sevgi ÖZCAN
Keyword(s):  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Sensory Innervation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mental Nerve ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

Aim: Foramen mentale is the anatomical formation in which the vein and nerve package feeds and provides sensory innervation to the chin and lower anterior lip area. During implant surgery and osteotomy operations, it is important to know the anatomical morphometric characteristics because of mental nerve damage. This study aims to determine whether mental foramen differ depending on age and gender. Method: 100 patients (50 females-50 males) who applied to neu faculty of dentistry and received kıbt for various reasons between 2020-2021 were included in the study. spss program was used for statistical analysis. a p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean superoinferior diameter of the right and left mental foramen was 3.20 mm and 3.21 mm, respectively. The mean values were 3.12 mm and 3.18 mm for right and left mental foramen, respectively. It was found that the right and left mental foramen are located between the 1st and 2nd premolars. Anteroposterior and superoinferior diameters of the right and left foramen do not differ according to the localization of the mental foramen (p> 0.05). It was found that the parameters except the superoinferior diameter of the right mental foramen did not show a statistically significant difference according to gender (p> 0.05). It was found that the right mental foramen superoinferior diameter of males was statistically higher than females. (p <0.01). It was found that the anterosuperior and superoinferior diameters of the mental foramen did not vary according to age (p> 0.05). Conclusion: According to the result we obtained from this study, it was determined that the superoinferior diameter of the mental foramen was higher in men. This result will guide for those working in the field of anatomy, oral maxillofacial surgeons and oral maxillofacial radiologists.

Are Children Scheduled for Ventilation Tubes Insertion Overweight? A Cohort of Israeli Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-617
Author(s):  
Ayala Klein ◽  
Oded Kraus ◽  
Alisa Luria ◽  
Sharon Ovnat Tamir ◽  
Tal Marom
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Umbilical Hernia Repair ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ventilation Tubes ◽  
P 16 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Objective: To study the hypothesis that children scheduled for ventilation tube insertion (VTI), a surrogate procedure reflecting otitis media (OM) presence, are overweight or obese. Patients and Methods: Charts of Israeli children aged 0 to 9 years undergoing VTI with or without adenoidectomy between 9/1/17 and 3/31/19 in a secondary level hospital were retrospectively identified. We compared their mean body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) to the mean BMI of a control group comprised of children who underwent surgeries unrelated to OM (fracture fixation/reduction, inguinal/umbilical hernia repair, meatotomy, appendectomy). BMI measurements were plotted on gender- and age-matched curves to determine BMI percentile, and were also compared to the national pediatric overweight/obesity data. Normal weight was defined as BMI percentile <85%, overweight was BMI percentile between 85% and 97%, and obesity was BMI percentile >97%. Results: The VTI group included 83 children (mean age: 3.5 ± 1.8 years). The control group included 77 children (mean age: 6.3 ± 1.9 years). No statistically significant difference was found in the mean BMI values between both groups ( P = .22). When compared to age- and gender-adjusted 50th BMI percentile of the general pediatric population, the mean BMI of the VTI group was significantly higher: for boys, 16.9 versus 15.2 ( P < .01), and for girls, 16.6 versus 15.3 ( P = .03), but not in the control group: P = .16 (boys) and P = .11 (girls). Conclusion: Children undergoing VTI were overweight when compared to their age- and gender-matched peers. This observation was more noticeable in boys.

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of Pituitary Gland with Correlation of Age and Gender using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1476-1480
Author(s):  
Sunima Maskey ◽  
Dil Islam Mansur ◽  
Subindra Karki ◽  
Pragya Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Transverse Dimension ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: The pituitary gland is the master gland of the body. It’s size varies with age and gender. MRI is the safest and effective diagnostic tool for pituitary gland examination. Objectives: This study was aim to determine the anteroposterior, height and transverse dimensions of normal  pituitary gland in different age groups of both sex with MRI. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. It consisted of 567 images of individuals (242 males and 325 females) of various age from 20 to 70 years from the Department of Radio- diagnosis, Dhulikhel Hospital. Results: The mean anteroposterior, height and transverse dimension of pituitary gland is 9.74±1.18 mm, 5.95±1.11 mm and 11.65±2.15 mm respectively in which females have higher value. Independent sample t test showed highly significant differences (p< 0.05) between the mean anteroposterior dimension in males and females. The present study showed the mean value of anteroposterior dimension is maximum at age group 50-59.  The mean value of height, transverse dimension and volume of males and females is maximum at 20-29 age group and minimum at 70-79 age group. One way ANOVA shows that there is significant difference between in height, transverse dimension and volume at different age group (p< 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the height and volume of pituitary gland is maximum at second decade of life then it gradually decreases with age. The mean value of anteroposterior, height and transverse dimension showed greater value of females than males.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

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