scholarly journals IMMUNE RESPONSE TO INFLUENZA VACCINATION IN HIV PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
R. G. Yapparov ◽  
E. Yu. Karnaukhova ◽  
T. V. Antonova ◽  
D. A. Lioznov
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Virus Antigens ◽  
Antigen A

The Aim: to characterize the immune response to the influenza vaccine in patients with HIV infection with different degrees of immunosuppression.Materials and methods. 171 HIV-infected adult patients with the different degrees of immunodeficiency and 50 HIV-uninfected persons (control group) were vaccinated against influenza. A single dose of trivalent polymer-subunit vaccine containing adjuvant was administered intramuscularly. The blood titer of antibodies to influenza virus antigens A/H1N1/California/, A/H3N2/Hong Kong/, B/Brisbane/ in the hemagglutination inhibition reaction was determined before vaccination and 21 and 180 days after. The average geometric titers of antibodies were compared between groups of HIV-infected patients with the different degrees of immunosuppression and the control group.Results. Тhe mean geometric antibody titers increase among HIV-infected with different degrees of immunodeficiency was below 2,0 and the seroconversion rate was below 8,0% for all influenza virus antigens on 21 and 180 days after vaccination. At the same time, during follow-up period in patients with level less than 200 cells /μl of CD4+lymphocytes in blood, the seroconversion index was equal to 0%. The rate of seroprotection to all antigens before vaccination in HIVinfected patients with the different degrees of immunosuppression was above 90%. Naturally, during follow-up period, more than 95,0% of vaccinated patients determined the protective level of antibodies to antigen A /H1N1 and 100,0% of patients to antigen A/H3N2 and B, without reducing this index to the day-180 of observation. Persons from control group showed a sufficient level of seroconversion and seroprotection, corresponding to the criteria of immunogenicity for all antigens of the influenza virus. Conclusion: a single immunization of influenza vaccine does not cause a sufficient degree of serological response in patients with HIV infection, regardless of the severity of immunodeficiency. Seroprotection in case of its developing persists up to 180 day after vaccination. 

Association of interleukin-10 promoter polymorphisms with serofast state after syphilis treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Pastuszczak ◽  
Bogdan Jakiela ◽  
Anna Wojas-Pelc
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Promoter Polymorphisms ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Early Syphilis ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

ObjectivesRecent studies suggested that upregulation of anti-inflammatory immune response during early syphilis may be associated with persistence of Treponema pallidum infection despite adequate treatment, resulting in a serofast state. The objective of this study was to determine whether enhanced interleukin (IL)-10-related response during early T. pallidum infection increased the risk of serofast syphilis.MethodsTwo IL10 gene promoter polymorphisms affecting IL-10 production (−1082A>G [rs1800896], −592C>A [rs1800872]) and serum levels of IL-10 were measured in 80 patients with early syphilis before and 6 months after penicillin treatment and in 24 healthy volunteers (control group).ResultsAfter 6 months, patients were stratified based on serological response into two groups: (1) serofast state (n = 28) and (2) serologically cured (n = 52). Pretreatment and post-treatment serum IL-10 levels were significantly higher in patients who remained serofast compared with those who had a serological cure (p<0.001). The GG genotype of the −1082A>G (rs1800896) polymorphism and the CC genotype of the −592C>A (rs1800872) polymorphism were significantly correlated with higher serum IL-10 levels. Moreover, the OR for remaining serofast for carriers of these genotypes was 16.2 (95% CI: 4.1 to 65.0, p<0.0001) and 2.9 (95% CI: 1.4 to 5.9, p=0.002), respectively.ConclusionsWe showed that a pronounced anti-inflammatory immune response may be an important predictor for the serofast state. Additionally, host-related factors such as polymorphisms of immune regulatory genes may influence the risk of remaining serofast after syphilis therapy.

scholarly journals A phase IIb study to determine the safety and efficacy of candidate INfluenza Vaccine MVA-NP+M1 in combination with licensed InaCTivated inflUenza vaccine in adultS aged 65 years and above (INVICTUS): a study protocol

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Swayze ◽  
Julie Allen ◽  
Pedro Folegatti ◽  
Ly-Mee Yu ◽  
Sarah Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Diaries ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Core Proteins ◽  
Efficacious Vaccine

Seasonal influenza has a significant annual global impact. Current influenza vaccines work by inducing strain-specific antibodies against the highly polymorphic surface proteins of the influenza virus and need to be redesigned every year, increasing their cost and limiting availability. There is a demand for a more efficacious vaccine, particularly in older adults in which the current vaccines show poor efficacy. The aim is to investigate a novel vaccine, MVA-NP+M1, which targets T cell responses to the nucleoprotein and matrix 1 core proteins of the influenza virus A, which are highly conserved,  and therefore may provide long protection against a broad range of influenza strains. INVICTUS is a phase IIb study to determine the safety and efficacy of candidate INfluenza Vaccine MVA-NP+M1 in combination with licensed InaCTivated inflUenza vaccine in adultS aged 65 years and above is a randomised, participant-blinded, placebo-controlled, multi-centre phase IIb efficacy study planned for 2030 volunteers aged 65 and over, in primary care. The primary objective is to assess the efficacy of MVA-NP+M1 co-administered with licensed inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine in adults ≥65 years. Participants complete daily diaries to record solicited and unsolicited events in the first four weeks post vaccination, and influenza-like illness (ILI) symptoms and severity throughout the influenza season. We hypothesise an improvement in the primary outcome, a reduction in the average number of days spent with moderate or severe influenza-like illness during periods of influenza circulation, in the group administered with MVA-NP+M1, compared to those in the control group. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03300362. Protocol version: INVICTUS Protocol v3.0, 08 June06 2018.

scholarly journals Human Interferon Inducible Transmembrane Protein 3 (IFITM3) Inhibits Influenza Virus A Replication and Inflammation by Interacting with ABHD16A

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Limei Zhu ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Human Interferon ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Membrane Area

Studies have shown that human interferon inducible transmembrane protein (hIFITMs) family proteins have broad-spectrum antiviral capabilities. Preliminary studies in our laboratory have tentatively proved that hIFITMs have the effect of inhibiting influenza viruses. In order to further study its mechanism and role in the occurrence and development of influenza A, relevant studies have been carried out. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection technology was used to observe the effect of hIFITM3 on the replication of influenza A virus (IVA) and the interaction with hABHD16A. In HEK293 cells, overexpression of hIFITM3 protein significantly inhibited the replication of IVA at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h; yeast two-hybrid experiment proved that hIFITM3 interacts with hABHD16A; laser confocal microscopy observations showed that hIFITM3 and hABHD16A colocalized in the cell membrane area; the expression level of inflammation-related factors in cells overexpressing hIFITM3 or hABHD16A was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the results showed that the mRNA levels of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) were significantly increased. But when hIFITM3/hABHD16A was coexpressed, the mRNA expression levels of these cytokines were significantly reduced except COX2. When influenza virus infected cells coexpressing hIFITM3/hABHD16A, the expression level of inflammatory factors decreased compared with the control group, indicating that hIFITM3 can play an important role in regulating inflammation balance. This study confirmed that hIFITM3 has an effect of inhibiting IVA replication. Furthermore, it was found that hIFITM3 interacts with hABHD16A, following which it can better inhibit the replication of influenza virus and the inflammatory response caused by the disease process.

scholarly journals Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccines Elicits Higher Antibody Responses against the A(H3N2) Subtype than Non-Adjuvanted Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Laura Sánchez de Prada ◽  
Iván Sanz Muñoz ◽  
Javier Castrodeza Sanz ◽  
Raúl Ortiz de Lejarazu Leonardo ◽  
José María Eiros Bouza
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
H3n2 Subtype ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

Background: vaccination is the best approach to prevent influenza infections so far. Serological studies on the effect of different vaccine types are important to address vaccination campaigns and protect our population. In our study, we compared the serological response against influenza A subtypes using the non-adjuvanted influenza vaccine (NAIV) in adults and the elderly and the adjuvanted influenza vaccine (AIV) in the elderly. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis by hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI) of serum samples right before and 28 days after seasonal influenza vaccination during the 1996–2017 seasons. Conclusions: The AIV presents better performance against the A(H3N2) subtype in the elderly whereas the NAIV induces a better response against A(H1N1)pdm09 in the same group.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity, Boostability, and Sustainability of the Immune Response after Vaccination against Influenza A Virus (H1N1) 2009 in a Healthy Population

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1401-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Huijskens ◽  
John Rossen ◽  
Paul Mulder ◽  
Ruud van Beek ◽  
Hennie van Vugt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Virus H1n1 ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Virus Vaccination ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACTThe emergence of a new influenza A virus (H1N1) variant in 2009 led to a worldwide vaccination program, which was prepared in a relatively short period of time. This study investigated the humoral immunity against this virus before and after vaccination with a 2009 influenza A virus (H1N1) monovalent MF59-adjuvanted vaccine, as well as the persistence of vaccine-induced antibodies. Our prospective longitudinal study included 498 health care workers (mean age, 43 years; median age, 44 years). Most (89%) had never or only occasionally received a seasonal influenza virus vaccine, and 11% were vaccinated annually (on average, for >10 years). Antibody titers were determined by a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay at baseline, 3 weeks after the first vaccination, and 5 weeks and 7 months after the second vaccination. Four hundred thirty-five persons received two doses of the 2009 vaccine. After the first dose, 79.5% developed a HI titer of ≥40. This percentage increased to 83.3% after the second dose. Persistent antibodies were found in 71.9% of the group that had not received annual vaccinations and in 43.8% of the group that had received annual vaccinations. The latter group tended to have lower HI titers (P=0.09). With increasing age, HI titers decreased significantly, by 2.4% per year. A single dose of the 2009 vaccine was immunogenic in almost 80% of the study population, whereas an additional dose resulted in significantly increased titers only in persons over 50. Finally, a reduced HI antibody response against the 2009 vaccine was found in adults who had previously received seasonal influenza virus vaccination. More studies on the effect of yearly seasonal influenza virus vaccination on the immune response are warranted.

Clinical and serological responses to an inactivated influenza vaccine in adults with HIV infection, diabetes, obstructive airways disease, elderly adults and healthy volunteers

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 776-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Dorrell ◽  
I Hassan ◽  
P Chakraverty ◽  
E Ong
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Elderly Adults

Summary: To investigate the clinical and serological responses to an inactivated influenza vaccine (split-virion A/Singapore/6/86-like strains H1N1 (15 ug HA), A/Beijing/353/89-like H3N2 (15 ug HA) and B/Yamagata/16/88-like strain (15 ug HA): MFV-JECT, Merieux, UK) in persons with HIV infection, diabetes, obstructive lung diseases, elderly adults and healthy volunteers. Forty-nine HIV-infected persons received 2 doses of the vaccine at one-month intervals; 34 healthy volunteers, 30 elderly persons, 29 with insulin and non-insulin diabetes and 14 with obstructive airways diseases were vaccinated with one single dose between October 1992 to January 1993. Serological testing of antibody responses was done using haemagglutination assay. beta2-microglobulin in HIVinfected persons was measured using radioimmunodiffusion between 1st and 2nd dose. Fructosamine levels in diabetic persons were assessed for diabetic control and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was self monitored in persons with lung diseases. All groups apart from the elderly filled in a symptom score chart for the first 5 days following vaccination. A 4-fold rise in titre equal to or more than 1:64 to all the 3 antigens occurred in 20 (58.8%) of healthy volunteers compared with 13 (44.8%) diabetics, 5 (35.7%) with lung diseases, 10 (33.3%) elderly and 13 (26.5%) with HIV infection. A significant correlation of serological response to number of CD4 count in persons with HIV infection was noted (H1N1 P =0.0013, H3N2 P =0.025, BYAM P =0.0018). Mean beta2- microglobulin levels did not change significantly post 1st and 2nd vaccination. Mean fructosamine level did not change significantly. There was no significant change in PEFR. The vaccine was well tolerated. Persons with HIV infection and low CD4 count do not serologically respond well to influenza vaccine even with 2 doses compared to the other 4 groups. The other 4 groups had adequate protective serologic responses. The vaccine was well tolerated in all groups.

scholarly journals Experience of Using an App in HIV Patients Older Than 60 Years: Pilot Program (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Olalla ◽  
Jose María García de Lomas ◽  
Efrén Márquez ◽  
Francisco Jesús González ◽  
Alfonso Del Arco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group

BACKGROUND New technologies can promote knowledge of HIV infection among patients suffering from this disease. Older patients with HIV infection represent an increasingly large group that could benefit from the use of specific apps. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to observe the acceptability and use of a mobile app on HIV infection in patients at least 60 years old and offer them the possibility of anonymously establishing contact with their peers. METHODS A series of clinical and psychosocial parameters were studied in 30 HIV-infected patients of over 60 years. The patients must be at least 60 years old, with a follow-up in the outpatient clinic for at least 1 year and without pathologies that limit his or her life expectancy to less than a year. They must know how to read and write. To be part of the group assigned to the app, they had to have their own smartphone and confirm that they were connected to the internet from that device. Overall, 15 of them were randomized to use an app and 15 were in the control group. All tests were repeated after 6 months. RESULTS The median age of patients was 66.5 years. Among them, 29 patients had an undetectable viral load at baseline. The median number of comorbid diseases was 2. Overall, 11 of them lived with their partners and 19 lived alone. They spent an average of 5 hours a day sitting down, and 56% (17/30) of them referred high physical activity. They scored 4 out of 5 for general quality of life perception. Moreover, 80% (24/30) presented high adherence to their treatment, and the average number of concomitant medications was 5. In the 6-min walking test, they covered a distance of 400 meters, and 3 of them desaturated during the test. The 15 patients made frequent use of the app, with 2407 sessions and an average of 7 min and 56 seconds time of use with a total of 13,143 screen views. During the 6 months of the trial, 3 non-AIDS events took place. There were no significant modifications to body mass index, blood pressure measurements, lipid profile, or immuno-virology information data. There were no differences in the questionnaire scores for perception of quality of life, confessed physical activity, or antiretroviral treatment (ART) and non-ART treatment adherence. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences between studied parameters were not objectified in these patients, possibly because this trial has significant limitations, such as a small sample size and only a brief follow-up period. However, patients did use the app frequently, making this a possible intervention to be proposed in future subsequent studies.

scholarly journals Features of immune response against influenza infection in animals vaccinated with recombinant cross-protective vaccine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 485-494
Author(s):  
L. M. Tsybalova ◽  
L. A. Stepanova ◽  
A. V. Korotkov ◽  
M. A. Shuklina ◽  
M. V. Zaitseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Universal Vaccine ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 5

Generating cross-reactive vaccines aimed at targeting all human influenza A virus subtypes is among high priority tasks in contemporary vaccinology. Such vaccines will be primarily demanded during pre-pandemic period as well as used to prime some population cohorts prior to vaccination with standard vaccines containing area-relevant epidemic virus. Unlike routine approach universal vaccines do not induce a sterilizing immunity, but significantly ameliorate overt infection and probable complications. Our study was aimed at evaluating characteristics of immune response in experimental animals primed with a candidate universal vaccine challenged with sublethal influenza A virus infection. Mice were immunized intranasally with the recombinant protein FlgH2-2-4M2e containing conservative peptides derived from two influenza A virus proteins: M2 protein ectodomain and 76–130 amino acid sequence from the second hemagglutinin (HA2) subunit genetically linked to bacterial flagellin protein, which is a ligand for Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). Control mice received saline. Two weeks after immunization, mice from both groups were infected with a sublethal dose of A/Aichi/2/68 AN3N2 influenza virus strain. Level of immunoglobulins G and A in the blood sera and bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were determined two weeks after immunization and 1 month post infection. Percentage of lung CD4+ T and CD4+ Tem (CD44+CD62L–) cells secreting cytokines TNFα, IFNγ, IL-2 was determined. Immunized vs. control mice responded to sublethal infection with the influenza virus by insignificant weight loss and more pronounced production of vaccine peptide-specific (M2e and aa76–130 HA2) and pan-influenza A/Aichi/2/68 virus IgG and A in the blood sera and BAL. After challenge the number of CD4+ T cells secreting cytokines TNFα and/or IL-2 in immunized mice significantly exceeded counterpart T cells in unimmunized animals that was true for both CD4+T and CD4+ Tem cells. Memory CD4+ T cells were previously shown to play a key role in the prime-boost event and heterosubtypic immune response. Thus, we were able to demonstrate a priming effect for recombinant cross-protective vaccine used in our experiment.

scholarly journals A Complex Dance: Measuring the Multidimensional Worlds of Influenza Virus Evolution and Anti-Influenza Immune Responses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiong Wang ◽  
Alexander Wiltse ◽  
Martin S. Zand
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Universal Influenza Vaccine

The human antibody response to influenza virus infection or vaccination is as complicated as it is essential for protection against flu. The constant antigenic changes of the virus to escape human herd immunity hinder the yearly selection of vaccine strains since it is hard to predict which virus strains will circulate for the coming flu season. A "universal" influenza vaccine that could induce broad cross-influenza subtype protection would help to alleviate this burden. However, the human antibody response is intricate and often obscure, with factors like antigenic seniority or original antigenic sin "OAS", and back-boosting ensuring that each person mounts a unique immune response to infection or vaccination with any new influenza virus strain. Notably, the effects of existing antibodies on cross-protective immunity after repeated vaccinations are unclear. More research is needed to characterize the mechanisms at play, but traditional assays such as hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) and microneutralization (MN) are excessively limited in scope and too resource-intensive to effectively meet this challenge. In the past ten years, new multiple dimensional assays (MDAs) have been developed to help overcome these problems by simultaneously measuring antibodies against a large panel of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) proteins with a minimal amount of sample in a high throughput way. MDAs will likely be a powerful tool for accelerating the study of the humoral immune response to influenza vaccination and the development of a universal influenza vaccine.

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