scholarly journals The Conjecturing Process: Perspectives in Theory and Implications in Practice

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María C. Cañadas ◽  
Jordi Deulofeu ◽  
Lourdes Figueiras ◽  
David Reid ◽  
Oleksiy Yevdokimov
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Research Studies

In this paper we analyze different types and stages of the conjecturing process. A classification of conjectures is discussed. A variety of problems that could lead to conjectures are considered from the didactical point of view. Results from a number of research studies are used to identify and investigate a number of questions related to the theoretical background of conjecturing as well as practical implications in the learning process.

A contextualistic approach to antisocial personality

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Carmelo Visdómine-Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personality Patterns ◽  
Therapeutic Settings ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce a contextualistic account of antisocial responding, with the addition of recent developments on the study of personality. Design/methodology/approach – A behavioural and contextualistic view point is developed to account for antisocial personality and related topics, inasmuch as traditional definitions of antisocial personality disorder as provided on formal diagnostic manuals derive on several and not always coherent classifications of antisocial behaviours. Some of these classifications centre on issues like guilt, impulsivity or aggressiveness for establishing different types of offending and antisocial patterns. This paper focuses on functional personal backgrounds. Findings – A total of five types of “potentiated contingencies” are described as being the main underpinnings involved in antisocial patterns. An analysis of the transformation of aversive functions of antisocial behaviours, leads to specify a distinctive rule-following behaviour that is concerned with that responding. Finally, the exposition of the four verbal clinical contexts that behaviour analysis highlights as taking place at therapeutic settings, serves to propose a fitter contextualistic intervention for antisocial personality patterns. Research limitations/implications – Novel investigations should contrast the functional classification of antisocial responding. Those studies should experimentally demonstrate the way in which the different instances of transformation of antisocial functions the author has described are prompted. Practical implications – The analysis also allows for the anticipation of the behaviour of individuals fitting to every category of antisocial avoidance. And as the functional analysis of “antisocial avoidance” uncovers specific relations between environmental stimuli as they are produced and established in the history of interactions of individuals, a more fitting intervention based upon those relations is feasible. Originality/value – An exhaustive functional taxonomy of antisocial personalities and delinquent behaviours has never been presented before elsewhere. Besides the author reinterprets from a contextualist position traditional empirical studies.

Boundary tourism and touristic boundaries in Marseille’s northern districts

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-369
Author(s):  
Yannick Hascoët
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Guided Tours ◽  
Close Investigation ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the touristic classification of the developing practices in the northern districts of Marseille (France). Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on participant observation and semi-structured interviews, sometimes conducted within a sightseeing tour situation and loosely inspired by the “guided tours” technique. Findings The paper shows there is currently no definition of tourism in itself, just tourism for itself. Hence, the touristic classification of the implementations in Marseille’s northern districts is relative, relational and transversal. Research limitations/implications The paper does not exhaust (far from it) the subject of the touristic classification of the implementations in Marseille or, a fortiori, the debate on what “makes” tourism. This paper is simply one link in the historical chain of Marseille’s northern districts, which are (or are not) currently being invented as a tourist destination. Practical implications This research has led to sustained and continuous exchanges since 2012 with the Hôtel du Nord cooperative, which discusses and integrates the academic point of view into its practice, most notably to advance in its relationship with the touristic classification of the practices it deploys. Originality/value The contribution made by this paper to the debate on the classification of contemporary tourism is based on a domain that is as yet relatively unexplored from this point of view and which has benefited from the close investigation of practices that the author’s embedded-researcher position has allowed.

scholarly journals Why and how motives (still) matter

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel R.G. Benito
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
International Business ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Internationalization Behavior

Purpose – The paper aims to provide a discussion of the relevance of motives for companies’ internationalization. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a conceptual discussion building on established classifications of motives of internationalization, which distinguish between market-seeking, efficiency-seeking, resource-seeking and strategic asset-seeking motives. Findings – The analysis demonstrates that important issues in companies’ internationalization differ systematically across different types of motives, which implicates that motives remain relevant when analyzing various aspects of the internationalization of the firm. Motives are also useful elements for theory building in international business. Research limitations/implications – The analysis is purely conceptual and is not further substantiated by empirical evidence. Practical implications – The classification of motives is a useful tool for companies to analyze their strategic alternatives and actions, especially with regard to performance measurement. Originality/value – The paper demonstrates the importance of retaining a clear classification of motives as a basis for further development of a theory of firms’ internationalization behavior.

Dialogue in management education and development: a conceptual framework

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Elembilassery ◽  
Shreyashi Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Management Education ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Conceptual Integration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Experience Based Learning ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dialogic Approach ◽  
Education And Development ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe experience of individuals has a huge potential for management education and development. Specific approaches are required to transform experience into learning. The purpose of this paper is to create a framework of dialogic approach, as a method of experience-based learning, which can be used for transforming the experience into learning.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses analytical abstraction and conceptual integration to develop the framework of dialogic approach. Evidence from prior research studies is used as the theoretical background to support the framework.FindingsDialogue is important for unravelling the experience and creating learning. Dialogic approach as a tool for experience-based learning is developed by combining reflective, appreciative and generative dialogues in a theoretically consistent sequence.Practical implicationsThe proposed framework is operationalised as a three-phase process for delivering the dialogic approach and can be used by educators.Originality/valueThe framework of dialogic approach is unique as it combines different types of dialogues. The framework is independent of context and can be applied globally for management education and development, which is a novel contribution.

Sustainable strategic planning in Italian higher education institutions: a content analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Fantauzzi ◽  
Nathalie Colasanti ◽  
Gloria Fiorani ◽  
Rocco Frondizi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Mission Statements ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims, first of all, to analyze the extent to which Italian higher education institutions declare their mission statements in their official documents; then, to examine their content; and finally, to investigate whether mission statements include considerations on sustainability dimensions. Design/methodology/approach After a theoretical background on the new strategic approach adopted by higher education institutions and the related disclosure of their mission statements, the study deepens their sustainable perspective presenting the concepts of social engagement and knowledge transfer from a literary point of view. Then, a documentary analysis on the content of Italian universities’ official mission declarations will be conducted, to understand the role they play in society, by individuating their actual interest in sustainable dimensions. Findings Findings suggest that 36% of the 98 Italian universities state their engagement in societal issues, but only 3 of them mention sustainability targets in their mission declarations. Research limitations/implications The study is limited, exclusively based on what higher education institutions share and, in terms of future perspective, the aim can be to investigate further official documents, especially for what concerns sustainability reports. Practical implications Practical implications regard the denounce of weak attention paid by Italian universities to sustainability, with the aim to foster them to increase connections with the external world, aware of the centrality of their role within society. Originality/value In a context that is not yet completely investigated, the originality of the paper regards the intent to study the sustainable propensity that characterizes the Italian higher education system.

scholarly journals The essence of legal components of economic risks

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
S. V. Yevdokimenko
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Theoretical Synthesis ◽  
Legal Risks ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Economic Risks

This research is one of the first attempts in the Ukrainian legal science in determining the essence and features of legal components of economic risks taking into account the latest achievements of science. It has been emphasized that theoretical basis for determining the concept of “risk” is widely researched in the scientific literature, but the problem of legal components of the economic risks has been insufficiently highlighted. The concept of “legal components of economic risks” has been defined; factors that actualized the problem of risks in Ukraine have been considered; and the features of the classification of economic risks according to legal components have been established. It has been noted that the negative consequences of economic risks are unforeseen losses. From the point of view of legal risks, such consequences should be defined as losses (according to the Civil Code of Ukraine) or as the amount of caused damages (according to the Criminal Code of Ukraine). Administrative liability is also established depending on the amount of caused damage for different types of activities. According to the author, the essence of legal components of economic risks is to determine the criteria for the delimitation of lawful and unlawful economic risk, the possibility of using the levers of legal influence in this regard, namely the establishment of the basis for a person’s liability for damage caused by a risky act. Legal components contain possible options of overcoming the consequences of risk situations, establish the threshold for criminal liability and punishment for economic crimes, depending on the caused damage. On the basis of the analysis of the current legislation of Ukraine and generalization of the main provisions of the works of scholars, the author has made theoretical synthesis and has found a new solution to the scientific problem – the definition of the essence and features of legal components of economic risks related to liability in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine in order to overcome the consequences of risk situations for different types of activities depending on the amount of caused damage.

scholarly journals Activity, Plan, and Goal Recognition: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz A. Van-Horenbeke ◽  
Angelika Peer
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Plan Recognition ◽  
General View ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Goal Recognition ◽  
Machine Interaction ◽  
Goal Intention

Recognizing the actions, plans, and goals of a person in an unconstrained environment is a key feature that future robotic systems will need in order to achieve a natural human-machine interaction. Indeed, we humans are constantly understanding and predicting the actions and goals of others, which allows us to interact in intuitive and safe ways. While action and plan recognition are tasks that humans perform naturally and with little effort, they are still an unresolved problem from the point of view of artificial intelligence. The immense variety of possible actions and plans that may be encountered in an unconstrained environment makes current approaches be far from human-like performance. In addition, while very different types of algorithms have been proposed to tackle the problem of activity, plan, and goal (intention) recognition, these tend to focus in only one part of the problem (e.g., action recognition), and techniques that address the problem as a whole have been not so thoroughly explored. This review is meant to provide a general view of the problem of activity, plan, and goal recognition as a whole. It presents a description of the problem, both from the human perspective and from the computational perspective, and proposes a classification of the main types of approaches that have been proposed to address it (logic-based, classical machine learning, deep learning, and brain-inspired), together with a description and comparison of the classes. This general view of the problem can help on the identification of research gaps, and may also provide inspiration for the development of new approaches that address the problem in a unified way.

Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Dale N. Holdren ◽  
Kenneth L. Cohen ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

Explanatory Power for Medical Expert Systems: Studies in the Representation of Causal Relationships for Clinical Consultations

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wallis ◽  
E. H. Shortliffe
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Inference Rules ◽  
Medical Expert ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Medical Expert Systems ◽  
Explanation System ◽  
Systems Studies

This paper reports on experiments designed to identify and implement mechanisms for enhancing the explanation capabilities of reasoning programs for medical consultation. The goals of an explanation system are discussed, as is the additional knowledge needed to meet these goals in a medical domain. We have focussed on the generation of explanations that are appropriate for different types of system users. This task requires a knowledge of what is complex and what is important; it is further strengthened by a classification of the associations or causal mechanisms inherent in the inference rules. A causal representation can also be used to aid in refining a comprehensive knowledge base so that the reasoning and explanations are more adequate. We describe a prototype system which reasons from causal inference rules and generates explanations that are appropriate for the user.

RHYNCHOLITES AND THE PROBLEM OF NARROW AND BROAD CONCEPTION OF TAXONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Khuzina ◽  
V. N. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Broad Understanding

The paper considers a point of view, based on the conception of the broad understanding of taxons. According to this point of view, rhyncholites of the subgenus Dentatobeccus and Microbeccus are accepted to be synonymous with the genus Rhynchoteuthis, and subgenus Romanovichella is considered to be synonymous with the genus Palaeoteuthis. The criteria, exercising influence on the different approaches to the classification of rhyncholites, have been analyzed (such as age and individual variability, sexual dimorphism, pathological and teratological features, degree of disintegration of material), underestimation of which can lead to inaccuracy. Divestment of the subgenuses Dentatobeccus, Microbeccus and Romanovichella, possessing very bright morphological characteristics, to have an independent status and denomination to their synonyms, has been noted to be unjustified. An artificial system (any suggested variant) with all its minuses is a single probable system for rhyncholites. The main criteria, minimizing its negative sides and proving the separation of the new taxon, is an available mass-scale material. The narrow understanding of the genus, used in sensible limits, has been underlined to simplify the problem of the passing the view about the genus to the other investigators and recognition of rhyncholites for the practical tasks.

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