scholarly journals UK Migration Policy before and after Brexit

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-516
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Okhoshin
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The article discusses political course of the conservative governments of the UK regarding migration legislation reforms in the context of such challenges of globalization as the European migration crisis of 2015 and Brexit. The analysis of evolution of the conceptual foundations of British migration policy allows us to conclude that the conservatives, since they came to power in 2010, continue to follow the tradition of tightening the rules for entry and residence of foreign citizens, which emerged under the government of G. Macmillan in the 1960s. The key difference in the 21st century is the change in the vector of the restrictive measures used by the conservatives against uncontrolled migration from the EU and third world countries, with particular focus on strengthening administrative supervision of foreigners arriving in the UK for employment or reunification with relatives. The British approach to migration control remained stricter than in many EU countries and was especially tightened due to Brexit, because the government was afraid of a massive influx of low-skilled migrants who would overwhelm the labor market and leave British citizens jobless. At the same time, it was necessary to remove the high burden on the state budget and social services that could not cope with the increase in the level of net migration. There was a sharp transition from the ideology of multiculturalism to the practical application of the concept of hostile environment proposed by T. May, which forced immigrants to leave the country.

Migration governance in Slovakia during the COVID-19 crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
Andrej Privara ◽  
Eva Rievajová
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Domestic Labour ◽  
The Government ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Near Future

Foreign-born population in Slovakia has been growing steadily over recent years. Since 2018, foreigners from the so-called third countries have become dominant within the immigrant population. The migration crisis due to the Pandemic seems not affected the patterns of migration to Slovakia. We would argue that the need in Slovakia‘s domestic labour market affected immigration flows more than anything else. Before the outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic, due to emigration flows, there was a shortage of labour in the country. However, as a result of the restrictive measures taken by the government in response to the Pandemic, changes are taking place, which also has an impact on the employment of foreigners. During the Pandemic, several laws regulating the legal status of foreigners in the Slovak Republic have been amended. This article focuses on the legislative developments in shaping the Slovak migration policy in the near future.

Resisting Closures and Winning Wages in the 1960s and 1970s

2019 ◽  
pp. 197-228
Author(s):  
Jim Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Unsuccessful Attempt ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mining Communities ◽  
Scottish Parliament ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk

The 1984-85 miners’ strike in defence of collieries, jobs and communities was an unsuccessful attempt to reverse the change in economic direction driven in the UK by Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative governments. The government was committed to removing workforce voice from the industry. Its struggle against the miners was a war against the working class more generally. Mining communities were grievously affected in economic terms by the strike and its aftermath, but in the longer run emerged with renewed solidarity. Gender relations, evolving from the 1960s as employment opportunities for women increased, changed in further progressive ways. This strengthened the longer-term cohesion of mining communities. The strike had a more general and lasting political impact in Scotland. The narrative of a distinct Scottish national commitment to social justice, attacked by a UK government without democratic mandate, drew decisive moral force from the anti-Thatcherite resistance of men and women in the coalfields. This renewed the campaign for a Scottish Parliament, which came to successful fruition in 1999.

scholarly journals Reform of psychiatric services in Germany: hospital staffing directive and commissioning of community care

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 218-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinrich Kunze ◽  
Thomas Becker ◽  
Stefan Priebe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Free Access ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk

The German mental health care system differs significantly from the system in the UK. There is no central organisation with overall responsibility as in the National Health Service (NHS), and the government is not entitled to prescribe details of policy or set specific targets. It can only determine the legal framework, define general goals and, with difficulties, influence the spending level. Responsibilities for mental health care, as for other fields of health care, are shared between federal authorities, the 16 states (Lander), local authorities, and semi-statutory organisations, which govern out-patient health care provided by psychiatrists in office-based practices. Virtually every citizen is health-insured and there is free access to health care for those who have no insurance coverage, in which case social services usually cover the costs. Social services also directly fund various services in the community. The fragmented system can be difficult to comprehend. However, many of the challenges are similar to those in other countries, and policy makers and practitioners elsewhere might be interested to know some of the lessons learnt in the German system.

Fifty years of the UK Misuse of Drugs Act 1971: the legislative contexts

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaine Stothard
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the history of relevant legislation before and after the 1971 Misuse of Drugs Act (MDA). Design/methodology/approach A chronological narrative of laws and reports with concluding discussion. Findings That UK legislators have not made use of the evidence base available to them and have favoured enforcement rather than treatment approaches. That current UK practice has exacerbated not contain the use of and harms caused by illegal drugs. Research limitations/implications The paper does not cover all relevant documents, especially those from non-governmental sources. Practical implications The practical implications centre on the failure of consecutive governments to reflect on and review the impact of current legislation, especially on people who use drugs. Social implications That the situations of people who use drugs are currently ignored by the government and those proven responses which save lives and reduce harm are rejected. Originality/value The paper attempts to show the historical contexts of control and dangerousness of which the MDA is one instrument.

scholarly journals Regional entrepreneurial ecosystems: Technological transformation, digitalisation and the longer term—The automotive and ICT sectors in the UK and Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
pp. 026909422110257
Author(s):  
Chiara N Focacci ◽  
Vassil Kirov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Regional Clusters ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Economic Paradigm ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Successful Innovation

We investigate how regional entrepreneurial ecosystems have adapted to the information revolution as a techno-economic paradigm since the 1960s. Particularly, we look at how the organisation of firms and labour has changed in the automotive and ICT sectors in, respectively, the UK and Bulgaria. Findings show that, in both countries, it was the degree of cooperation between the local enterprises, research institutions and the government that enabled successful innovation in the regional clusters of the West Midlands and Sofia. The resulting ecosystems allowed, on the one hand, the already mature automotive sector in the UK to survive and, on the other hand, the newly developed ICT sector to be installed successfully in Bulgaria.

scholarly journals Environmental and Institutional Impacts of Tidal River Management: A Case Study on Pakhimara Tidal Basin in Southwestern Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Md. Tareq Bin Salam ◽  
Atika Ibnat Amin ◽  
Tonami Afroz ◽  
Md. Mahedi Al Masud
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
River Management ◽  
Tidal River ◽  
Tidal Basin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The 1960S

<p>People in southwestern Bangladesh have been facing the waterlogging problem and protesting on the impacts for the nature for a long time. In the 1960s, the government introduced polders, embankments and cross dams to overcome the destructive scenario. Due to the failure of government initiatives, the local people of the coastal area cut into the polder so that the sediment deposited within the beel known as Tidal River Management (TRM). Then, TRM was applied several times in different catchments. The study was carried out from December 2018 to November 2019 to assess the positive and negative environmental and institutional impacts of TRM on Pakhimara beel in Tala Upazila (Sub-district), Satkhira District, by using the Sustainability Index of Tidal River Management (SITRM) framework. Sustainability Indices of TRM were designed to provide information on social, environmental and institutional gains. The environmental and institutional impacts were assessed by conducting household survey and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). Agricultural impacts on crop, poultry, fisheries and vegetation, were also analyzed by comparing GIS map and agricultural production data (before and after TRM). This study investigated that Pakhimara beel was freed from waterlogging during the with-TRM event by 3,200 ha and the reduction of waterlogging increased agricultural land by 1,500 ha in 2018, compared to 2014. This study argued that only 54% of marginal farmers received crop compensation whereas 85% of crop production decreased due to TRM. For promoting sustainable TRM in the studied area, compensation should be guaranteed for all impacted parties, especially marginal farmers and the creation of employment opportunities, and settlement should be ensured.</p>

scholarly journals Execution of the state budget of Ukraine in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (9) ◽  
pp. 52-69
Author(s):  
Yurii RADIONOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
The State ◽  
Defense Spending ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
Significant Deficit ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Expenditures ◽  
Budget Execution

The article analyzes the state of formation and efficiency of the State Budget of Ukraine. It has been established that budget expenditures exceed revenues and as a result, the budget has been formed over the last decade with a significant deficit, and the existence of a deficit leads to a movement in the "debt spiral". To implement the budget the Government is forced to borrow additional funds and attract them on acceptable terms, which has become increasingly difficult. Failure to receive the funds leads to late spending. The analysis of expenditures of the State Budget of Ukraine according to the functional classification is carried out, which testified to the main priorities of the state in modern conditions. Given Russia's aggression in the east of the country, it is logically justified to increase security and defense spending. However, it is advisable to review social expenditures, which are quite large in size and do not improve the quality of social services, on the contrary, restrain economic growth, the country's transition to an innovative model of development. In order to increase the efficiency of budget execution, the validity of macro indicators, it is advisable to introduce medium-term budget planning. Budget expenditures must be justified and balanced in order to achieve the most effective results of budget programs and the goals of the budget system of Ukraine. The study identified systemic shortcomings in the State Budget of Ukraine, which are repeated from year to year, as well as those that characterize the special year 2020 associated with the pandemic COVID-19. Emphasis is placed on the functioning of the domestic system of public financial control and its importance in reducing the volume of budget violations, the effectiveness of budget execution, promoting better functioning of the financial and budgetary system, ensuring sustainable dynamics of socio-economic development of the country.

Campaigning for Jobs and Communities in the 1980s

2019 ◽  
pp. 229-268
Author(s):  
Jim Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Unsuccessful Attempt ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mining Communities ◽  
Scottish Parliament ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk

The 1984-85 miners’ strike in defence of collieries, jobs and communities was an unsuccessful attempt to reverse the change in economic direction driven in the UK by Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative governments. The government was committed to removing workforce voice from the industry. Its struggle against the miners was a war against the working class more generally. Mining communities were grievously affected in economic terms by the strike and its aftermath, but in the longer run emerged with renewed solidarity. Gender relations, evolving from the 1960s as employment opportunities for women increased, changed in further progressive ways. This strengthened the longer-term cohesion of mining communities. The strike had a more general and lasting political impact in Scotland. The narrative of a distinct Scottish national commitment to social justice, attacked by a UK government without democratic mandate, drew decisive moral force from the anti-Thatcherite resistance of men and women in the coalfields. This renewed the campaign for a Scottish Parliament, which came to successful fruition in 1999.

scholarly journals Revisiting the 2001 Riots: New Labour and the Rise of ‘Colour Blind Racism’

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 80-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Labour ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government ◽  
Politics Of Race ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk

Following the Civil Rights legislation enacted in the 1960s in the United States, the notion of ‘colourblind’ racism has emerged within sociological literature. It has been used as a theoretical tool to explain the continuing presence of racism and racialised inequalities within a society where its significance in determining social location is increasingly disavowed. The use of the term has been restricted to those describing the politics of racism in America. However, this paper will consider the applicability of ‘colourblind racism’ to the UK context. The 2001 riots marked an important watershed in ‘race relations’ in Britain. They have been widely cited as marking the point at which New Labour retreated from the celebration of diversity in pursuit of a more monocultural, more ‘cohesive’ society. Through an analysis of the governmental response to the events of summer 2001 it will be suggested that notions of ‘colourblind’ racism can offer interesting insights into the development of the politics of ‘race’ in Britain. Drawing on Bonilla-Silva's (2006) elucidation of the key features of this dominant form of racism in the US, the extent to which these same factors guided New Labour's response will be considered. It will be argued that while it is important to recognize the different patterns of racial formation in the US and the UK, the government reaction to the 2001 riots demonstrates a broad adherence to the key tenets of colourblind racism. This is evident in Labour's failure to effectively engage with racism or the persistence of racial inequality.

Social Services

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Popple
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Social Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
American System ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Security Act ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S

Formal or institutional social services began in the United States in the late 19th century as a response to problems that were rapidly increasing as a result of modernization. These services were almost entirely private until the Great Depression in the 1930s when the government became involved via provisions of the Social Security Act. Services expanded greatly, beginning in the 1960s when the federal government developed a system wherein services were supported by public funds but provided through contracts with private agencies. This trend has continued and expanded, resulting in a uniquely American system wherein private agencies serve as vehicles for government social service policy.

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