scholarly journals A Cognitive Linguistic Study of Comparative Set Phrases in Russian and Swedish

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Alexey S. Alyoshin ◽  
Elena I. Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Russian Language

This paper examines the linguistic-cognitive potential of comparative set phrases based on the material of two languages. The originality of the study lies in the consideration of two groups of phraseological units (fixed comparisons and paremias that explicitly or implicitly verbalize comparisons) and the identification of similarities and differences both between these groups in each language and individually between Russian and Swedish. The object of study was Russian and Swedish fixed comparisons characterizing a smart and stupid person, as well as comparative paremia, expressing the opposition ‘intelligencestupidity’. The aim of the study was to identify common and culturally conditioned mental attitudes and standards of comparison. The sources of material for study included dictionaries of Russian fixed comparisons, Vladimir Dal’s collection of proverbs, a phraseological dictionary of the Swedish language and dictionaries of Swedish proverbs. A thematic classification is offered of the standards of fixed comparisons with the bases ‘stupid’ and ‘smart’ in both languages. Structural models of the paremias of the thematic group ‘intelligence-stupidity’, expressing a comparison in both languages, are highlighted; mental attitudes verbalized by these units are described. The study found that the Russian language has a closer relationship between units within set comparisons and comparative paremias than in Swedish. In both languages, zoonyms are the predominant thematic group of standards. The differences include the presence in the Russian units of standards related to the household sphere and mythologems. Swedish comparative paremias are structurally different from Russian ones. While Russian paremias express the ideas that an excessively direct and simple person is stupid; a stupid person is like a child; and it is useless to teach a person stupid by nature, Swedish units offer a logical and philosophical comparison of intelligence and stupidity. The culture-specific components of Russian paremias include a large body of household vocabulary while words denoting old measures of weight serve the same function in Swedish.

scholarly journals Vom historischen Erbe zur selbstbestimmten Sprach(en)politik? Literarische Mehrsprachigkeit in Litauen und Lettland

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Natalia Blum-Barth
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Historical Legacy ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Russian Language

From Historical Legacy to Self-Determined Language(s) Policy? Literary Multilingualism in Lithuania and Latvia. The first part of this article looks at Soviet language(s) policy. Two further parts discuss language(s) policy and literary multilingualism in Lithuania and Latvia. The aim is not to provide a differentiated investigation, but to show similarities and differences as well as tendencies in the language(s) politics of the two states from the 19th century to the present in the mirror of literature and to explain them using case studies. In the fourth, concluding part, literary translation is highlighted as one of the formats for implementing multilingualism outside the text with particular focus on the consultative function of the Russian language.

scholarly journals On Opportunities of Dictionary “Response Remarks in Russian Dialogic Speech” by V. T. Bondarenko

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-324
Author(s):  
Elena Zakirovna Kireeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Children's Speech ◽  
The Russian Language

Review on «Dictionary of response remarks in Russian dialogical speech» by V. T. Bondarenko. The dictionary is based on a concept that is developed from the idea of dialogism of human consciousness. The object of study is response remarks, i.e. words and phraseological units whose illocutionary purpose is to respond to a word or phrase of another participant of the dialogue. They are characterized by stability in language and reproducibility in speech. Responses are defined as performative signs: they are used to express the psychological state (reaction) of the speaker, caused by an initiative phrase or ”hook”-word. The paper describes macro- and microstructure of the dictionary, characterizes the semantic and syntactic aspects of the response remarks, and enumerates their functions. The author of the review shows a number of ways to use the dictionary. Responses are linked to typical situations and everyday situations of communication (meeting, acquaintance, addressing, attracting attention, etc.), to conversation topics, and therefore, are of interest to researchers dealing with genres of oral speech. Since the responses are connected with the stereotypes of thinking, behavior and mental reactions of Russians, their research is important for ethnolinguists. The dictionary data can enrich linguistic and cultural studies of cultural concepts. Due to the playful (humorous) function inherent to responses, they may be of interest when studying the essence of the comic. The dictionary materials give a systematic idea of the expression of the comic in the Russian language. The open evaluability of response remarks makes them a unique research material for studying the categories of axiology, evaluability, and textual modality. The analysis of the context of responses, the system of marks and illustrations is valuable for researchers of speech culture and speech etiquette. It will be fruitful for psycholinguists developing a theory of reactivity. The dictionary has a wide range of response variations, so it is of great importance for phraseologists who study the variation of set phrases. Studying the response remarks will be useful to researchers of children’s speech as vocabulary, syntax, rhythm of response replicas, and images in them are organical for the child’s perception and can be easily reproduced. For gender studies of language, the research of these units is important because they allow you to get information about gender characteristics, and marks and illustrations – to compare the tactics of speech behavior of men and women. The dictionary has a great educational value for any person, because thanks to the non-standard and unusual material of the dictionary, everyone can enrich their speech.

scholarly journals Chronotope of Russian Works about Robinson

2021 ◽  
pp. 287-302
Author(s):  
T. V. Shvetsova ◽  
V. E. Shakhova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Real ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Language Interpretation ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Russian Language

The results of the study of the chronotope in Russian-language compositions based on the novel about Robinson’s adventures are presented. The material for the work was A. E. Razin’s novel “The Real Robinson” (1860) and Lev Tolstoy’s story “Robinson” (1862). The issues of the specifics of the representation of the chronotopic in the works of Russian writers are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the appeal to the universal of the chronotope, which contains an exhaustive toolkit for the artistic embodiment of images of space and time; as well as the search for new methods of literary analysis of the text. It is shown that in the analyzed texts, a kind of fusion of Russianlanguage compositions with a foreigncultural text in the aspect of a chronotope is realized. The similarities and differences in the rethinking of the story of Robinson are shown on the example of the model of textual connexity, the national specifics of the representation of the image of Robinson are indicated. It is noted that the external and internal chronotopes are retransmitted from work to work and create the basis for the emergence of the author’s intentions. It is proved that chronotopic analysis allows one to form an idea of the peculiarities of the Russian-language interpretation of the story of Robinson.

scholarly journals Functional Category of Aspectuality in the Russian And English Languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Hripsime A. Derdzakyan
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Functional Category ◽  
Imperfective Aspect ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Verb Semantics ◽  
Russian Verb ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Russian Language

This article studies functional and semantic Tense/Aspect complexes in Russian and English, focusing on their similarities and differences. In Russian, Tense-Aspect meanings of the verb forms correlate with the semantic components of Aktionsart, while in English both Imperfective and Perfective aspects of the verb semantics are realized by the constituent category of Tense/Aspect. The inner asymmetry of the verb forms and meanings is acknowledged for each of the contrastive languages, especially for the two languages compared. The material of the study is retrieved from grammar books and manuals and from literary text samples, principally concerns the use of Tense/Aspect forms of the Russian verb and the forms of the English Perfect. The novelty impact of the study is determined by focusing on the irregularity of the aspectual meanings of English Perfect forms and Tense/Aspect forms of the Russian verb, whereas they are mostly due to lexical meanings of the verbs influenced by intralinguistic specificities of the semantics of lexical indicators as well as mechanisms of communication on the whole. Aspectual meanings both for the Perfective and Imperfective Aspect in languages under comparison used to make up lexical and grammatical aspectual categorical complexes. In terms of Aspect and Tense, peculiarities are found as functional and semantic ones, highly dependent on the situation and context of communication, thus involving extralinguistic factors which also concern the extralinguistic environment of Tense/Aspect verbal forms in use. The comparison of functions and the semantics of Aspect and Aktionsart in the Russian language with those of English Perfect asymmetry is proved to emerge, being caused by cross-linguistic structural and typological differences, particularly, the existence or not the similar forms, their varying semantic load, analytical or synthetic tendencies and others. The asymmetry is especially vividly seen translation and lexicographic field to compose varying kinds of bilingual dictionaries.

scholarly journals Pоль языковой экономии в образовании словенских фразеологизмов (в сравнении с русскими)

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-142
Author(s):  
Елена Коницкая
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Stable Expression ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Russian Language

Фразеологизмы служат действенным средством лаконизации речи и, следовательно, экономии языковых средств. Роль языковой экономии во фразеологии проявляется как на синхроническом уровне (возникновение модификаций фразеологизмов, не нарушающих цельности фразеологизма и норм его использования), так и на диахроническом уровне (закрепляясь в языке, модификации могут превращаться в новые устойчивые выражения, включающиеся во фразеологический фонд). Эти процессы, хорошо изученные в русском языке, недостаточно исследованы в словенском. В статье рассматривается роль языковой экономии в образовании словенских фразеологизмов на фоне русской фразеологии; сопоставляются результаты действия принципа языковой экономии, отмечаются как сходства, так и различия в двух славянских языках.Ключевые слова: словенская фразеология, русская фразеология, происхождение фразеологизмов, языковая экономия, эллипсис, имплицитность....Jelena KonitskayaRole of the economy principle in language in the Composition of Slovenian phraseologisms (compared with those in Russian) Phraseologisms serve as a telling resource of economy of language features. The role of the economy principle in language, in its phraseology, appears at the synchronic level (derivation of modifications of phraseological units) and at the diachronic level (derivation of new stable expressions incorporated into the stock of phraseology). The paper deals with the diachronic aspect of the problem. The results of compression (ellipsis, implication) caused by the economy principle in language (in phraseology) have been studied rather well in the Russian language (e.g., works of V. Mokiyenko and others), however, insufficiently in the Slovenian language. The paper comprises an analysis of the role of the economy principle in the composition of Slovenian phraseologisms against the background of the Russian phraseology; a comparison of the effect of the economy principle in language, both the similarities and differences in these two Slavic languages are pointed out. The similarities appear in the derivation of phraseologisms through elimination of the final part of expression(proverbs or phraseologisms of a broader component structure), e.g., Kovačeva kobila je vedno bosa > kovačeva kobila, in comparison with the Russian кто во что горазд, тот тем и промышляет (тот в то и играет)> кто во что горазд. Different constituents of a stable expression may turn elliptic in both languages, e.g., the collocation posipati si glavo s pepelom > posipati se s pepelom, speljati vodo na svoj mlin > voda na mlin, рус. дорого не по карману > не по карману, разбить в пух и прах > разбить в пух etc. In both languages, elimination (ellipsis) of a constituent may cause fogging of the inner form of phraseologisms; e.g., the collocation gledati kot čuk na palici > gledati kot čuk; ne priplаvati po prežgani juhi > ne priplаvati po juhi. Implication of additions in phraseologisms, leading to the derivation of structures with a broken syntactic relationship, is noted in both languages; e.g., Russian безо всяких, наша взяла, и никаких, прокатить на вороных, etc., the collocation ne reči ne bele ne črne, ne biti pri čisti, huda / tenka / slaba / tesna prede (komu), tristo kosmatih medvedov / hudičev etc. Forward pronominalisation may be consideredas a separate case of the manifestation of the economy principle in a language, noted in expressions such as ima ga pod kapo (‘быть пьяным’, literatim “иметь его под шапкой”), pobrisati jo (‘убежать’, literatim “почистить ее”), dobiti jih (‘быть избитым’, literatim “получить их”). The paper covers the sight of different possibilities of explaining of the derivation of Slavic expressions taking into account the role of the economy principle in language.

On the Comparative Semantics of Russian Adverbs with the Prefix po- and Their Culturally Significant Meanings

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
N. M. Devyatova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Structural Semantics ◽  
The Russian Language

This article describes the use of adverbs with the prefix po-  for the purposes of comparison in the Russian language. The comparative semantics and culturally significant meanings of the adverbs po-chelovecheski and po-lyudski are provided. An analysis of language material is carried out using the methods of structural semantics. Features of the adverbs are revealed in their comparison with the clauses «kak chelovek, kak lyudi». The synonymous relations of the language units, their similarities and differences are considered. This article shows that the field of synonymy is composed of sentences reflecting the human behavioural sphere, while the differences are related to ideas concerned with ethical standards.

scholarly journals On the Role of Loanwords in Modern Russian

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
Natalia F. Mikheeva ◽  
Marina G. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
National Languages ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Modern Russian

The topic of borrowing in the Russian language remains a favorite object of study for both domestic and foreign linguists. This article presents the ways of penetration of lexical borrowings into Russian from different languages; identifies the areas of Anglicism using in modern Russian; considers loan words from the border areas on the example of Yakutian. Studies have shown that not only Russian has had a considerable impact on the languages of the indigenous peoples of the national republics, enriching them with new words. Also, the lexics of the Russian language itself has been subjected to a particular influence of national languages.

scholarly journals How to achieve understanding in the process of Russian-Chinese intercultural communication?

2020 ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Yangping Li
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Chinese University ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Development Of Students

The development of students’ ability to carry out the intercultural communication is an important issue of the modern methodology of teaching the Russian language in the context of studying outside the language environment in a Chinese university. Using certain examples, we carried out the comparative analysis of facts of culture in the Russian-Chinese intercultural communication, and revealed similarities and differences. The results of the analysis will contribute to better understanding in the process of intercultural communication between representatives of two great powers – Russia and China.

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