Locative Prepositions “at, in, on” and Translation to Vietnamese Through Frameworks

Based on the role of the frame of reference under the influence of point-of-view culture in the British and Vietnamese ethnic groups used as a cognitive premise in the translation, the article presents the justification of the contracting process about the reasons, similarities and differences as well as the semantic differences of the locating preposition “at, in, on” in English with the corresponding linguistic units in Vietnamese through specific communication contexts. Research results show that if the reference object (DTQC) in the positioning reference system of the English preposition is assimilated with the speaker in Vietnamese [similar to the reference frame in the reference system] then, the translation semantics of the preposition “at, in, on” will be similar to the expression semantics of the corresponding units in Vietnamese. In contrast, the different structural semantics are manifested because there is no similarity in the frame of reference.

Comparative Analysis of Cognive Strategies of Nomination in Russian and English

At this stage of the development of linguistics, proper nouns are considered to be linguistic units that are not adequately studied, and there is growing interest in proper nouns (or advertising names or commercial nominations), their structural semantics, functional semantics, linguistic culture, and psycholinguistic features, this paper for the first time conducts a comparative study of the material of confectionery product names that sell their Description of the main theoretical provisions on the concept of "ergonym", determine the on-name status of this language unit, consider and describe the names of confectionery products in terms of structure-grammar, lexical semantics and linguistic culture; conduct directional associative experiments to determine the validity of the mind actions of potential consumers on the names of confectionery products and check their informational.

Methodological basis of cognitive-anthropological semantics. The case of the Axiological Lexicon of Slavs and their Neighbours (vols. 1-5, 2015-2019)

The article consists of two parts. The first, methodological part presents the goal of cognitive-anthropological research in opposition to structural semantics and describes successive steps that lead to that goal. The second part contains commentary on the Axiological Lexicon of Slavs and their Neighbours, especially volume 5, devoted to honour. The aim of semantic-structural research is to reconstruct the semantic-lexical system of a language (as code) serving interpersonal communication – in other words, it is to reconstruct the information that one may obtain through the use of the code. The aim of cognitive-anthropological semantics is to reconstruct the conceptualization of linguistically salient fragments of reality.

Structural Semantics in the Romance Languages

Structural semantics is a primarily European structural linguistic approach to the content level of language which basically derives from two historical sources. The main inspiration stems from Ferdinand de Saussure’s Cours de linguistique générale (1916), where the Genevan linguist also formulates the fundamental principles of semantic analysis: the twofold character of the linguistic sign, the inner determination of its content by the—allegedly autonomous—linguistic system, the consequent exclusion of the extralinguistic reality, the notion of opposition inside the system, and the concept of “associative relations” in the domain of semantics. This tradition was later refined by Hjelmslev and Coseriu, who introduced theoretical and methodological strength and rigor, suggesting systematic analyses in terms of semantic features linked by (binary) opposition. The second source of inspiration was the more holistic concept elaborated by Wilhelm von Humboldt, who saw language as a means of structuring the world. In the second half of the 20th century, structural semantics was mainstream semantics (to the extent that semantic analysis was accepted at all). A long series of authors deepened these historical traditions in theoretical and empirical studies, some of them suggesting secondary and/or partial models. Finally, prototype semantics and cognitive semantics strove to downgrade structural semantics by turning back to a more holistic conception of meaning including the speakers’ knowledge of the world, although not without introducing the alternative structural notion of “network.”

Insights into Lexico-Semantic Fields of Romanian Editorial-Polygraphic Terms

Due to the dynamic nature of the vocabulary, we can argue that any lexico-semantic field can be unlimited, has no rigid boundaries, which leads to difficulties in establishing semantic relationships between the constituent units of a semantic field, and the second problem arising from this phenomenon would be the establishment of the inventory of a semantic field. Thus, the system that is the objective of our research consists of the units of "inventory" (terms) and the relationships between its constituent elements, and the fluctuation of the boundaries of a semantic field that leads to difficulties in the limiting it and in the rigorous composition of the inventory semantically. Not all words in the vocabulary can be grouped into lexico-semantic fields, only those that are organized and stable. A semantic field also corresponds to a certain grammatical category - gender, number, time, aspect, mode, etc., and the oppositions between the members of a lexical-semantic field correspond to the oppositions of their grammatical categories. Therefore, in order to practically approach the structuring of a lexico-semantic field, a theoretical and methodological incursion in structural semantics is absolutely necessary. We consider that the reflections regarding the concept of lexical field are absolutely fundamental in order to be able to try to structure such linguistic fields in a certain field, in our case - in the editorial-polygraphic field.

Events in Tweets: Graph Based Techniques

Introduction: Mining Twitter streaming posts (i.e. tweets) to find events or the topics of interest has become a hot research problem. In the last decade, researchers have come up with various techniques like bag-of-words techniques, statistical methods, graph-based techniques, topic modelling approaches, NLP and ontology-based approaches, machine learning and deep learning methods for detecting events from tweets. Among these techniques, the graph-based technique is efficient in capturing the latent structural semantics in the tweet content by modelling word co-occurrence relationships as a graph and able to capture the activity dynamics by modelling the user-tweet and user-user interactions. Discussion: This article presents an overview of different event detection techniques and their methodologies. Specifically, this paper focuses on graph-based event detection techniques in Twitter and presents a critical survey on these techniques, their evaluation methodologies and datasets used. Further, some challenges in the area of event detection in Twitter along with future directions of research are presented. Conclusion: A Microblogging services and online social networking sites like Twitter provides a massive amount of valuable information on real-world happenings. There is a need for mining this information, which will help in understanding the social interest and effective decision making on various emergencies. However, event detection techniques need to be efficient in terms of time and memory and accurate for processing such voluminous, noisy and fastarriving information from Twitter.

A Detection Method for Phishing Web Page Using DOM-Based Doc2Vec Model

Detecting phishing web pages is a challenging task. The existing detection method for phishing web page based on DOM (Document Object Model) is mainly aiming at obtaining structural characteristics but ignores the overall representation of web pages and the semantic information that HTML tags may have. This paper regards DOMs as a natural language with Doc2Vec model and learns the structural semantics automatically to detect phishing web pages. Firstly, the DOM structure of the obtained web page is parsed to construct the DOM tree, then the Doc2Vec model is used to vectorize the DOM tree, and to measure the semantic similarity in web pages by the distance between different DOM vectors. Finally, the hierarchical clustering method is used to implement clustering of web pages. Experiments show that the method proposed in the paper achieves higher recall and precision for phishing classification, compared to DOM-based structural clustering method and TF-IDF-based semantic clustering method. The result shows that using Paragraph Vector is effective on DOM in a linguistic approach.

Несогласованные Определения В Пьесах А.Н. Островского: Структурно-Семантический Аспект Analysis of the Inconsistent Structural-Semantic Aspects in the Plays of A.N. Ostrovsky

Статья посвящена анализу структурно-семантических особенностей несогласованных определений, функционирующих в пьесах знаменитого русского драматурга А.Н. Островского. Несогласованные определения достаточно часто используются с дополнительными субъектно-объектными и обстоятельственными оттенками значений, тем самым формируя особый класс второстепенных членов предложения с синкретичной семантикой. На наш взгляд, изучение несогласованных определений с позиций анализа синкретизма имеет широкие перспективы для дальнейшего исследования, направленного на детальное изучение контекста употребления определения как в семантическом, так и в грамматическом плане. Abstract The study aims at analyzing the inconsistent structural and semantic aspects found in the plays of N.A Ostrovsky. The analysis, that includes all the linguistics schools of thoughts in modern Russian language, is performed chronologically to clarify all the ambiguities that the Russian language learners may face. Such difficulties lie in the use of inconsistent aspects with complete declarative sentences and adverbial clauses. Hence, it constructs a new sentence category that consists of secondary clause and its syncretism semantic. The study illustrates the wide scope of both studying the sentence inconsistent features and analyzing its structural-semantics aspects, which, in turn, opens the door to further research and analysis of literary examples for many authors.

COTSAE: CO-Training of Structure and Attribute Embeddings for Entity Alignment

Entity alignment is a fundamental and vital task in Knowledge Graph (KG) construction and fusion. Previous works mainly focus on capturing the structural semantics of entities by learning the entity embeddings on the relational triples and pre-aligned "seed entities". Some works also seek to incorporate the attribute information to assist refining the entity embeddings. However, there are still many problems not considered, which dramatically limits the utilization of attribute information in the entity alignment. Different KGs may have lots of different attribute types, and even the same attribute may have diverse data structures and value granularities. Most importantly, attributes may have various "contributions" to the entity alignment. To solve these problems, we propose COTSAE that combines the structure and attribute information of entities by co-training two embedding learning components, respectively. We also propose a joint attention method in our model to learn the attentions of attribute types and values cooperatively. We verified our COTSAE on several datasets from real-world KGs, and the results showed that it is significantly better than the latest entity alignment methods. The structure and attribute information can complement each other and both contribute to performance improvement.