scholarly journals Language as a Value in a Pragmatic World: Global and National Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Ina Druviete ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
National Identities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
A Value ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
National Approach

The article deals with the perception of language and languages in the economy-oriented contemporary world and its specific features in such language-centered countries as Latvia. Two main levels could be discussed concerning the ‘intellectual’, ‘symbolic’ and practical treatment of language: a global (supra-national) and a national one. In majority of countries special laws have been adopted or national level programs have been enacted in order to protect the most significant elements of respective national identities – folklore, traditional ways of life, beliefs and languages in particular. At the beginning of the 21st century, economic and political goals of the European Union have been associated with the ideas of European culture and European identity. At the same time, the popularization of the languages, histories, and traditions of the member states have also been emphasized. The Republic of Latvia belongs to the countries where the diversity of thoughts and viewpoints on language are ever present and intense in both the political debates and even in many informal conversations. The paper gives an insight in Latvian language policy against the background of global and European sociolinguistic processes and wide usage of so-called international languages, English in particular.

Making Sense of Public Policy on Refugee Integration

2020 ◽  
Vol 690 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-224
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ferris
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Refugee Integration ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
Level I

While immigrant integration is increasingly important for policy-makers, governments of countries approach the challenge of integration differently. In this article, I frame the issue of migrant/refugee integration in the larger context of political debates and policies about the entry of refugees and migrants. I then go on to analytic comparison of refugee integration policies in eleven developed countries, focusing on the interrelated domains of citizenship, language acquisition, and employment. These three domains are interrelated: acquiring language skills facilitates employment and (for most countries) is required for citizenship. I find considerable variation across these countries, which reflects their different historical contexts, but also the different policy choices that have been made in the countries. Even within the European Union, there is considerable variation between Member States in the emphasis they place, for example, on employment of refugees. While the study focuses primarily on policies developed at the national level, I conclude by stressing the importance of local initiatives to support refugee integration.

Sejm i Senat wobec wyzwań Unii Europejskiej

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Ilona Grądzka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
International Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

The article’s goal is to present the consequences of Polish membership in the European Union (EU) for the functioning of the Polish Sejm and Senate at the national and international level. Polish accession to the European Union resulted in changes to the scope of competences of certain organs of the Republic of Poland. This was related to the transfer of specific state competences to an international organization and it applied, in particular, to the Polish Parliament (the Sejm and Senate) which has lost its primary role as legislator of laws applicable in Poland. In order to avoid the marginalization of national parliaments in the EU decision-making process, appropriate legal measures have been introduced at the national and international level. Additionally, after the Treaty of Lisbon entered into force, national parliaments have received new competences which allowed them to exist on the forum of the European Union. The article puts forward the thesis that the Polish Sejm and Senate have lost their position as main legislative bodies at the national level but, at the same time, they have acquired a new European function which can neither be qualified as traditionally understood legislative nor controlling functions.

scholarly journals Free legal aid in the context of the right of access to court

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (89) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Dušica Palačković ◽  
Jelena Čanović
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
National Level ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Of Access

The Constitution of the Republic of Serbia explicitly regulates that free legal aid shall be stipulated by the law. In a series of reports on the progress of the Republic of Serbia in the process of joining the EU, there are warnings about the unacceptably low quality level and efficiency of the judiciary, and indications that there is a need to regulate the legal aid system. Finally, this matter was regulated by enacting the Legal Aid Act of the Republic of Serbia, which came into force on 1st October 2019. In addition to the conceptual definition of legal aid, the paper analyzes the right of access to court as a constituent element of the right to a fair trial prescribed in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which entails the right to legal aid. The regulation of legal aid at the national level has to meet the standards formulated at the European Union level as well as the standards formulated through the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. In that context, the paper analyzes the regulations and decisions, i.e. the widely recognized and accepted standards. The Legal Aid Act of the Republic of Serbia has been analyzed in the context of meeting these standards, especially in relation to the conditions for granting the right to legal aid and the circle of beneficiaries and providers of certain types of legal aid.

scholarly journals Who is Entitled to the Right to Respect for Family Life Under the European Union Law?

Teisė ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 24-45
Author(s):  
Ingrida Danėlienė
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Family Life ◽  
National Level ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] The article investigates the right to respect for family life, established by Article 7 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, as applied and interpreted in conjunction with the right to marry and the right to found a family, laid down in Article 9 of the Charter. The standard of protection set by European Union law regarding these rights is identified by taking into account the standard of protection of the relevant rights established by the European Convention on Human Rights and the established case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Topical issues relating to the consolidation of these individual rights at the national level in the Republic of Lithuania are also addressed in the article. In doing so, an emphasis is laid on the content of the concepts of “family” and “family life” under supranational and national law.

scholarly journals Dlaczego potrzebujemy nowej ustawy o humanitarnej ochronie zwierząt?

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
Michał Rudy
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
European Regulations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cruelty To Animals

WHY A NEW ACT ON THE HUMANITARIAN PROTECTION OF ANIMALS IS NEEDED?Legal regulations concerning animals protection clearly state that man owes to respect the animal and each animal requires humane treatment that must be understood by taking into account the needs and protection of animals, as far as care providing. Systematic law amendments, which are concerned to protect the animals from suffering, including unjustified or inhumane killing or cruelty to animals, should be considered as the duty of state authorities. In particular it should be done due to taking into account that animals are recognized as the “subjects of law”, for which there is a special legal regime determined by the provisions devoted to the humanitarian animals protection.The main objective of this article is to identify the aspects, which — according to the author — affect the need to make amendments to the existing provisions concerning humanitarian protection of animals. This includes lack of law transparency, containing its precision and often contradictory regulations. Also, adapting to European regulations should be considered as important issue. Failure in application of European rules to national law means that the Republic of Poland violates its obligation as the Member State of the European Union. The author also notes that the current range of the requested changes proposed by law doctrine, state authorities, as well as by social organizations whose statutory purpose is humanitarian protection of animals is so broad, concerns so conflicting values and interests, as well as some of them are so “revolutionary”, that it requires a comprehensive and systemic look at the humanitarian issue of animal protection at the national level. Hence, instead of performing complicated amendments creation of avery new act on the humanitarian protection of animals should be considered.

scholarly journals Revitalisation of agriculture of the Republic of Serbia as a factor of economic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Mihailo Ćurčić ◽  
Stefan Slovak ◽  
Stevan Mitrović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Historical Comparative

Today, in the era of industrial expansion of developing countries, the Republic of Serbia strives to maintain the required level of progress and join the European Union. On this path of transition, it is necessary to use the comparative advantages in relation to the countries of the region, but also the EU member states. Analysing the available data, it can be established that an important comparative advantage of Serbia lies in the agricultural sector. The aim of this paper is to point out the mentioned comparative advantages, primarily by using the historical-comparative method, and to provide a basis for further decision-making to economic policy makers at the regional and national level. The concept of agricultural and economic policy should be based on the complete revival of agriculture, its revitalization, financial consolidation, innovation and affirmation of the intensification of the production framework.

scholarly journals Are the EU Member States Ready for the New Union Customs Code: Emerging Legal Issues On the National Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
Gediminas Valantiejus
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Trade ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

AbstractIn 2016, the European Union has launched a new and ambitious project for the future regulation of international trade in the European Union and the rules of its taxation: since the 1 May 2016, the new Union Customs Code (UCC) has entered into force. It revokes the old Community Customs Code (CCC), which was applied since 1992, and passed in the form of EU regulation sets brand-new rules for the application of Common Customs Tariff and calculation of customs duties (tariffs) in all the EU Member States. It is oriented to the creation of the paperless environment for the formalisation of international trade operations (full electronic declaration of customs procedures) and ensuring of a more uniform administration of customs duties in the tax and customs authorities of the Member States in the European Union. Therefore, the article raises and seeks to answer the problematic question whether the Member States of the European Union themselves are ready to implement these ambitious goals and does the actual practice of the Member States support that (considering the practice of the Republic of Lithuania). The research, which is based on the analysis of case law in the Republic of Lithuania (case study of recent tax disputes between the taxpayers and customs authorities that arose immediately before and after the entry into force of the UCC), leads to the conclusion that many problematic areas that may negatively impact the functioning of the new Customs Code remain and must be improved, including an adoption of new legislative solutions.

scholarly journals Harmonization of European legislation in the field of safety and health at work in the legal system of the Republic of North Macedonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Andon Majhoshev ◽  
Kristijan Jovanov
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

Occupational safety and health is one of the most important international labor standards of ILO. This means that ILO member states should ensure encouraging and maintenance at the highest level of safe working conditions in order to avoid accidents and occupational diseases. Achieving this goal means that employers must make a continuous risk assessment at the workplace, and at the same time decide whether appropriate measures and activities are necessary in order to create the highest level of safety and health at work, i.e. to avoid side effects. In order to achieve this goal, a systematic approach is necessary in preventive action and connection of all entities that are bearers of certain obligations and activities at the national level, but also beyond the international institutions in this area. By application for membership of the Republic of Macedonia in the European Union on 22 of March 2004, the process of harmonization of the domestic with the European labor legislation begins, and thus inevitably harmonization of the domestic legislation for safety and health at work with the European. Thereby, this process takes place pursuant to article 32 of the Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia, according to which the protection of workers is of primary importance, i.e. health and safety at work is a constitutional-legal category and every individual has the right to work, free choice of employment and work protection. In the harmonization process the basic concept is the Framework Directive 389/391/EES for safety and health at work, according to which the national legislation on safety and health at work should be harmonized exactly according to the principles of this directive.

scholarly journals ‘Miki-le-toss ou comment repérer un guech en quelques leçons’: l’identité ethnique ‘tos’ en France à travers les blogs de jeunes lusodescendants ('Miki-le-toss' or How to Spot a 'Guech' in a Few Lessons: 'Tos' Ethnic Identity in France in the Blogs of French-Portuguese Youth)

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
National Identities ◽  
European Identity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
European Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Movement

In this article, I analyze the ‘tos’ ethnic identity, as expressed in blogs written by French-Portuguese teenagers in France, also called ‘lusodescendants,’ who are the children of Portuguese residents. Starting in the eighties, the reclaiming of this ethnic identity has been reinforced by Portugal’s entry in the European Union in 1986, the institutionalization of links between the lusodescendants and Portugal, and France’s recent opening to its migrant populations. Influenced by the Chicano cultural movement, the ‘tos’ movement shares some of its foundational features: a myth of origin, a privileging of unity, and a conservative notion of family. Despite this movement’s nationalist tendencies, I argue that it does not threaten this youth’s integration to France or to Europe, especially since lusodescendants, who are often Portuguese and French nationals, feel ‘twice European.’ In their case, European identity, to which they never refer in the blogs, is a mere sum of national identities. If a common European identity were needed, it should not be in the form of assimilationist policies replacing national cultures by a ‘European culture.’ Indeed, most European countries share a history of dictatorships and nationalisms, i.e. of official cultures being forced onto people. This dictatorial and nationalist past is directly responsible for the Portuguese diaspora and the lusodescendants’ ethnic identity claims today.

scholarly journals Europeanization of Law in Poland from the point of view of Constitutional Law

1970 ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Andrzej Szmyt ◽  
Anna Rytel-Warzocha
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
National Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the challenges and problems concerning the accession of the Republic of Poland in the European Union. The authors analyze the constitutional bases of the accession to the EU as well as basic legal acts which have regulated the mutual relations between Poland and the EU. The Republic of Poland has acceded to the European Union by virtue of the Accession Treaty which was signed on 16 April 2003 in Athens and entered into force on 1 May 2004. From the point of view of constitutional law, there were several issues which concerned the preparation for EU accession at the national level. They were especially related to: 1) the establishment of legal basis allowing for the integration the law of the European Union with Polish constitutional law, 2) the harmonization of the Polish legal system with the legal order of the European Union, 3) the establishment of the ratification procedure of the Accession Treaty. All these issues required new legal regulations to be implemented to the Constitution. That was why the new Constitution of the Republic of Poland adopted on 2 April 1997 included two provisions relevant for the issues concerning the integration with the European Union - art. 90 and art. 91 para The main problems presented in the article concern the relation of Polish national law (in particular the Constitution) to the sources of primary and secondary European law, the harmonization of Polish law with EU law (constitutional amendments referring to “EU matters”, necessary amendments of statutory law and the provisions of the Standing Orders of the Sejm and the Senate), as well as institutional changes in Poland determined by the EU membership.

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