Making Sense of Public Policy on Refugee Integration

2020 ◽  
Vol 690 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-224
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ferris
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Refugee Integration ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
Level I

While immigrant integration is increasingly important for policy-makers, governments of countries approach the challenge of integration differently. In this article, I frame the issue of migrant/refugee integration in the larger context of political debates and policies about the entry of refugees and migrants. I then go on to analytic comparison of refugee integration policies in eleven developed countries, focusing on the interrelated domains of citizenship, language acquisition, and employment. These three domains are interrelated: acquiring language skills facilitates employment and (for most countries) is required for citizenship. I find considerable variation across these countries, which reflects their different historical contexts, but also the different policy choices that have been made in the countries. Even within the European Union, there is considerable variation between Member States in the emphasis they place, for example, on employment of refugees. While the study focuses primarily on policies developed at the national level, I conclude by stressing the importance of local initiatives to support refugee integration.

Does environmental quality reflect on national competitiveness? The evidence from EU-15

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saša Obradović ◽  
Nemanja Lojanica
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Two Parameters

The European Union has set the target that by 2020 harmful emissions and energy consumption should be reduced by 20% compared to the 1990s. This paper examines the impacts of environmental quality on two parameters of national competitiveness (exports and GDP per capita). The study focuses on the EU-15 countries and covers the period from 1960 to 2013. Even though the analyzed economies are developed countries which are the leaders in environment protection, they are still also the leading emitters of greenhouse gases. The paper uses traditional econometric techniques to test the relations between energy use, CO2 emissions, exports and GDP. The results show that the variables are co-integrated. In addition, energy-led growth hypothesis is valid in most of the analyzed economies. The results have also shown that increased CO2 emissions reduce economic activity and export performance. Finally, we will conclude that there are two tasks for future policy makers: first, to strengthen renewable-energy goals, and second, to adjust the economic structure towards less harmful emissions. In such circumstances, we could expect the economies to further develop clean technologies and to obtain their benefits for national competitiveness.

scholarly journals Costs, Benefits, and Motivations for ISO 14001 Adoption in China and Around

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Susan Summers Raines ◽  
Tan Rong ◽  
Xu Fei
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
Iso 14001 ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Voluntary Standards ◽  
Iso 14001 Certification

In an attempt to overcome barriers to trade posed by numerous and often contradictory national-level enveironmental requirements, the International Orgnaization for Standardization (ISO) has created a voluntry set of uniform environmental management system guidelines for firms, formally known as ISO 14001. Firms may decide to implement an ISO 14001 environmental management system (EMS) and become third-party certified in order to improve their environmental management and to increase their marketability. This study examines the relative costs, benefits, and motivations for ISO 14001 certification for China compared to other economically developing and developed countries. These comparisons allow us to better understand the ways in which the unique economic and political conditions within China affect the incentives for Chinese firms to join in voluntary self-regulatory measures. Survey results indicate that ISO 14001 certified firms in China and experiencing benefits equal to or greater than their peers in other countries. Benefits to environmental management appear to be significant and they generally outweigh the costs of implementation and certification. However, as with most voluntary standards, the potential for abuse remains. Therefore regulators and policy makers are advised not to grant regulatroy relief or reduced inspections except on a case-by-case basis.

scholarly journals A framework for prioritising present and potentially invasive mammal species for a national list

NeoBiota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 31-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Bertolino ◽  
Leonardo Ancillotto ◽  
Paola Bartolommei ◽  
Giulia Benassi ◽  
Dario Capizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Scanning Procedure ◽  
Horizon Scanning ◽  
Species Management ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) has recently adopted a regulation on invasive alien species that foresees the possibility of developing lists of species of National Concern. We developed a prioritisation process for alien mammals already established in Italy, but not yet included in the EU list (n = 6 species) and a systematic horizon-scanning procedure to obtain ranked lists for those species that are already introduced worldwide or traded in Italy (n = 213). Experts were asked to score these species, by evaluating their likelihood of establishment and spread and the magnitude of their potential impacts on biodiversity, economy, human-health and society. The manageability of each species was also evaluated, both for the proritisation and the horizon-scanning processes. We produced five lists that ranked species according to their potential spread and impacts and their manageability. These will allow policy-makers to select outputs according to a balance between risk assessment and risk management, establishing priorities for alien species management at the national level.

scholarly journals Language as a Value in a Pragmatic World: Global and National Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Ina Druviete ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
National Identities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
A Value ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
National Approach

The article deals with the perception of language and languages in the economy-oriented contemporary world and its specific features in such language-centered countries as Latvia. Two main levels could be discussed concerning the ‘intellectual’, ‘symbolic’ and practical treatment of language: a global (supra-national) and a national one. In majority of countries special laws have been adopted or national level programs have been enacted in order to protect the most significant elements of respective national identities – folklore, traditional ways of life, beliefs and languages in particular. At the beginning of the 21st century, economic and political goals of the European Union have been associated with the ideas of European culture and European identity. At the same time, the popularization of the languages, histories, and traditions of the member states have also been emphasized. The Republic of Latvia belongs to the countries where the diversity of thoughts and viewpoints on language are ever present and intense in both the political debates and even in many informal conversations. The paper gives an insight in Latvian language policy against the background of global and European sociolinguistic processes and wide usage of so-called international languages, English in particular.

scholarly journals Evaluation Methods of the Impact of Structural and Cohesion Funds on Economic and Social Development at Regional and National Level

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Cristina Bătușaru ◽  
Amelia Bucur
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Social Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Analysis of the role and implications of the funds coming from the European Union have on the national economy is very complex and complicated at the same time, because of the multitude of issues and indicators that this process shapes and drives, depending on the source of funding, the modality of funding and on the destination for which it has been allocated. Using mathematical models to assess the impact of European funding on the national economy is paramount valuable as it brings important information that can be used by policy makers in decision making sewage inputs and financial resources, in view of adopting optimal economic policy

scholarly journals Revitalisation of agriculture of the Republic of Serbia as a factor of economic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Mihailo Ćurčić ◽  
Stefan Slovak ◽  
Stevan Mitrović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Historical Comparative

Today, in the era of industrial expansion of developing countries, the Republic of Serbia strives to maintain the required level of progress and join the European Union. On this path of transition, it is necessary to use the comparative advantages in relation to the countries of the region, but also the EU member states. Analysing the available data, it can be established that an important comparative advantage of Serbia lies in the agricultural sector. The aim of this paper is to point out the mentioned comparative advantages, primarily by using the historical-comparative method, and to provide a basis for further decision-making to economic policy makers at the regional and national level. The concept of agricultural and economic policy should be based on the complete revival of agriculture, its revitalization, financial consolidation, innovation and affirmation of the intensification of the production framework.

scholarly journals Towards a method for data protection impact assessment: Making sense of GDPR requirements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kloza ◽  
Niels van Dijk ◽  
Simone Casiraghi ◽  
Sergi Vazquez Maymir ◽  
Sara Roda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Making Sense

This policy brief offers a method for conducting the process of data protection impact assessment (DPIA) for the European Union (EU). First, as a prerequisite, it offers a generic method for impact assessment, meant to be used – upon tailoring down – in any domain of practice, such as environment, technology development or regulation (Section 2). Next, building on the said generic method and interpreting the requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), this policy brief offers a specific method for the process of DPIA in the EU (Section 3). In particular, the policy brief aims to clarify two crucial aspects of the second method, proven thus far the most contentious. These aspects are: the appraisal techniques, i.e. the necessity and proportionality assessment, and risk appraisal, as well as the stakeholder involvement (public participation) in decision-making. Section 4 summarizes the findings and calls for further guidance, clarifications and tailoring down. This policy brief is addressed predominantly to policy-makers developing assessment methods as well as to assessors conducting the assessment process in accordance therewith.

scholarly journals Action against environmental pollution through a healthy, green and just recovery in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Stauffer
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Major Health ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
The Face ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Litmus Test ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Issue With the COVID-19 pandemic, the European Union (EU) is faced with an unprecedented crisis with huge effects on every aspect of our society. As European countries start easing lockdowns, discussions on recovery and investment plans pick up the pace, but it will be vital not to repeat mistakes of the past but focus on a healthy, green and just recovery to increase overall health preparedness and resilience in the face of future pandemics. Description of the problem The recovery from the COVID-19 crisis is the litmus test how serious policy-makers are about the EGD, if they take it as the blueprint for rebuilding or continue investing into yesterday's polluting industries and economies. While at EU level there is a strong commitment for the EGD to be the principle in economic recovery, decisions and bailouts at national level do not necessarily follow suit (yet). One of the actions that are needed is defining conditions for all recovery and investment money being spent. Results With EU Commission President's van der Leyen's proposal for a 750 billion EUR recovery fund was presented end of May (1). The European Green Deal (EGD) proposal (2) shows that European Commission has understood the importance of a healthy planet for healthy people. If successfully implemented, this deal has the potential to achieve major health improvements in the near term while reducing the growing health risks from climate change (3,4), air and chemical pollution. Lessons Shifting from a polluting to a green and healthy economy, with the European Green Deal at the core is possible. The EGD already foresees a zero pollution ambition for the EU: preventing all pollution in order to protect health is the much needed goal upon which European and national leaders must base all recovery actions. Key messages A green recovery can give the necessary financial support for upgrading and modernising our cities and sustainable urban planning. Through the imminent recovery decisions, policy-makers need to seize the historic opportunity to reduce the pressure on the planet’s and people’s health.

Designing Online Pedagogical Techniques for Student Learning Outcomes

2010 ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Kay MacKeogh ◽  
Seamus Fox ◽  
Francesca Lorenzi ◽  
Elaine Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
National Level ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Pedagogical Techniques ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Intended Learning Outcomes

The concept of identifying and measuring student learning outcomes has been embraced by a wide range of international policy makers and institutions across the globe, including the European Union through the Bologna Process, the USA, the OECD and other international organisations, while at national level many states have adopted, or are in the process of adopting a new national qualifications framework, based on student learning outcomes. The challenge for educators is to develop ways of enabling students to achieve, and to demonstrate their achievement, of these outcomes. The aim of this chapter is to explore ways in which online pedagogical techniques can be designed to provide solutions to the challenge of clearly demonstrating that students are achieving intended learning outcomes. While the techniques have been developed in the context of distance education programmes, the chapter includes an example of how these methods have been adapted for blended learning for on-campus students. A note of caution is sounded on the need to adopt effective techniques which do not impact unduly on lecturer workload.

Missing Uniform Costs Classification for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment and Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (14) ◽  
pp. 1297-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Maresova ◽  
Kamil Kuca
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
National Level ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Community Health Services ◽  
The European Union ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Developed Countries

Background: The importance of the issue of the economic burden of treatment and care for people with dementia is crucial in the developed countries. The European Union and other developed countries are trying to improve the course of aging population which leads to rising costs. Their uniform registration is also one of the objectives of the developed countries’ strategic plans to fight dementia. The individual steps of the plans in practical terms so far are mainly directed to the early diagnosis of diseases, records of the associated data are so far in the background. Aim: The aim of this paper is to specify a set of costs that should be constantly monitored at the national level within dementia. Methods: The main method is a literature review focused on Alzheimer's disease. The searched keywords were "Alzheimer's disease" and "costs" incurred after 2010. The studies will specify the monitored costs and determine their minimal penetration, which will then form the basis for recommendations for the monitored group of costs on a national level. Results: Results of the analysis indicate that the following main cost groups are monitored: medical direct costs (inpatient care, outpatient treatment, medication), non-medical direct costs (day care centres, community health services, respite care, accommodation costs for patients) and indirect costs (time that the carers dedicate to the patient). The issue of different naming and groups of costs calls for a common strategy in this area and defining the minimum items that should be monitored.

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