Cognitively Enhanced Products, Output Growth, and Labor Market Changes: Will Artificial Intelligence Replace Workers by Automating Their Jobs?

The article is concerned with the analysis of the labor market changes, requiring the personal income tax reform. Methods of comparative and statistical analysis are applied. Rating and analytical agencies data, statistics from the OECD, Eurofond and Eurostat used as the empirical base of the study. Three labor market trends requiring appropriate changes in taxation were identified. The first trend is the change in the demand for work skills, which requires a more flexible approach to educational tax deductions and tax incentives for training in high-demand digital professions. The second trend is digital platforms and the gig economy that enhance income differentiation, which inevitably raises the question of progressive income taxation. The third trend is an increase in non-standard employment. The article analyzes such forms of non-standard employment as work on the basis of vouchers, platform work, joint employment, casual labour which are associated with the ambiguous status of employment and require changes in tax policy to regulate them.

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Expansion of Private Tutoring Market for Adults according to Labor Market Changes and the Geographical Characteristics

Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea ◽

10.23841/egsk.2014.17.2.402 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 402-419

Author(s):

Park So Hyun ◽

Keumsook Lee

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Private Tutoring ◽

Geographical Characteristics ◽

Market Changes

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U.S. AI Workforce: Labor Market Dynamics

10.51593/20200086 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Diana Gehlhaus ◽

Ilya Rahkovsky

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Labor Market ◽

The State ◽

Potential Effectiveness ◽

Good Data ◽

Information Gap ◽

Labor Market Dynamics ◽

Ongoing Concern ◽

Insight Into ◽

The U.S

A lack of good data on the U.S. artificial intelligence workforce limits the potential effectiveness of policies meant to increase and cultivate this cadre of talent. In this issue brief, the authors bridge that information gap with new analysis on the state of the U.S. AI workforce, along with insight into the ongoing concern over AI talent shortages. Their findings suggest some segments of the AI workforce are more likely than others to be experiencing a supply-demand gap.

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The Rise of Artificial Intelligence

Natural Language Processing ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-0951-7.ch063 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1298-1313

Author(s):

Robert Niewiadomski ◽

Dennis Anderson

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Labor Market ◽

Exponential Growth ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Full Range ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Employment Opportunities ◽

Strong Ai ◽

Long Run ◽

The Impact

Our inventions defined the work we engaged in for centuries; created new industries and employment opportunities around them. They, however, had often unforeseen consequences that affected the way we lived, interacted with each other, and redefined our societal rules. The established narration portrays the impact of major technological leaps in civilization on employment as temporary disruptions: Many finds themselves without employment taken away from them by efficient, laborsaving inventions, but, in the long run, through gradual adaptations, improved education and gaining higher qualifications, everyone benefits. In this chapter, the authors explore the impact of the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) in relations to the labor market. The authors argue that this rather optimistic, even naïve scenario, collapses while confronted with the exponential growth of AI; in particular, with the potential arrival of syneoids – robotic forms of “strong AI” possessing, or even exceeding, the full range of human cognitive abilities.

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Conclusion

10.1093/oso/9780197507629.003.0011 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 161-164

Author(s):

Eric A. Posner

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Labor Market ◽

Labor Markets ◽

Human Beings ◽

Independent Contractors ◽

Gig Economy ◽

Long Run ◽

The Social ◽

Market Fragmentation ◽

Social Surplus

Many people are worried about the fragmentation of labor markets, as firms replace employees with independent contractors. Another common worry is that low-skill work, and ultimately nearly all forms of work, will be replaced by robots as artificial intelligence advances. Labor market fragmentation is not a new phenomenon and can be addressed with stronger classification laws supplemented by antitrust enforcement. In fact, the gig economy has many attractive elements, and there is no reason to fear it as long as existing laws are enforced. Over the long run, artificial intelligence may replace much of the work currently performed by human beings. If it does, the appropriate response is not antitrust or employment regulation but policy that ensures the social surplus is fairly divided.

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