The Problem of Shaping the Capacity of Sovereign Powers of a State in the Digital Age

Data Transfer ◽

Global Network ◽

Global Networks ◽

Network Transport ◽

Cross Border ◽

Scope Of Application ◽

Digital Objects

The global architecture of computer networks poses a security dilemma: while modern information and communication technologies allow adversaries to challenge the exclusive power of states over “his own” cyberspace, following traditional notions of sovereignty, respectively, may limit the ability of states to actively counter challenges and threats in global networks. The aim of the study is to determine the possible scope of application of the traditional territorial concept of sovereignty to the activities of states in cyberspace. The article shows that regarding the activities of states and individuals in cyberspace, the scope of the principle of sovereignty is determined by the practical imperatives of states and depends on the sphere of interstate and cross-border interactions affected. Therefore, for example, for the purposes of warfare, there are three levels at which objects for destruction will be determined: physical network, logical network, network user. Other criteria are important for developers, operators and network analysts, and, according to a number of proposals, a global network can include up to seven levels (physical, data transfer, network, transport, session, data, applications). The article demonstrates that despite the exceptional nature of the powers and jurisdictions of the state in relation to the physical level of cyberspace, its logical and social levels are open to cross-border manifestations of the jurisdiction of other states on the basis of the proximity criterion. That is, for those cases when states can establish a real connection with digital objects or online personalities, and, accordingly, exercise authority.

STEGANOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR EMBEDDING INFORMATION IN DIGITAL OBJECTS TO PROVIDE INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE CONCEPT OF "INTERNET OF THINGS"

International Conference on Technics Technologies and Education ◽

10.15547/ictte.2019.02.070 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 110-116

Author(s):

Hristo Terziev

Keyword(s):

Information Security ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Virtual Space ◽

Least Significant Bit ◽

Computer Environment ◽

Digital Objects ◽

Effective Service

Internet of Things is a new world for connecting object space in the real world with virtual space in a computer environment. To build IoT as an effective service platform, end users need to trust the system. With the growing quantity of information and communication technologies, the need to ensure information security and improve data security is increasing. One of the potential solutions for this are steganographic methods. Steganography based on the least significant bit (LSB) is a popular and widely used method in the spatial domain.

Human Rights and Information Communication Technologies - Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology ◽

ICT Policies Favouring Human Rights

10.4018/978-1-4666-1918-0.ch002 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 21-35 ◽

Author(s):

Rolf H. Weber

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Civil Society ◽

Mass Media ◽

Freedom Of Expression ◽

Global Network ◽

Right To Development ◽

Ict Infrastructure

The tremendous developments in information and communication technologies (ICTs) over the last 20 years have substantially changed communication practices across the world. The Internet and mobile phones help to open new horizons for connections between people, leading to a global network for the sharing of information and ideas. In this new environment, human rights need to have a place, and traditional notions related to mass media need to be adapted to the needs of civil society. Freedom of expression has become much more individualistic, with information exchanges no longer relying on the traditional intermediaries (mass media) but on the exchange of ideas on social networking and other platforms. Civil society participation in the information world requires the necessary infrastructure however. And since states have an obligation to see to it that human rights are realized in practice, this may mean the facilitation of private investments to improve the ICT infrastructure. In this context, ICT policies favoring human rights must encompass a right to development.

An Empirical Investigation of Internet Users' Perceptions towards National and International e-Shops

International Journal of E-Adoption ◽

10.4018/ijea.2015070104 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 45-59 ◽

Author(s):

Vaggelis Saprikis

Keyword(s):

Shopping Behavior ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Cross Border ◽

Internet Users ◽

Costly Communication ◽

Online Stores ◽

Shed Light

Nowadays, the broad Internet utilization and the advancement of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have greatly changed the way goods and services are bought and sold. As a consequence, even more online users prefer not only to shop online, but also purchase abroad taking advantage of Internet's limitless feature. Thus, technology's success has stimulated the process of cross-border e-shopping, allowing fast, less costly communication, as well as access to a wider variety of goods and services. The purpose of this consumer-oriented approach paper is to examine the perceptions of Greek Internet users concerning e-shops. In specific, it aims to reveal if there are differences on users' perceptions regarding Greek versus international e-shops, as even more individuals visit non-domestic online stores for their e-purchases. Hence, it provides tangible results to an under-explored area of online shopping and shed light on the difficulty of understanding important aspects of e-shopping behavior; presenting vital implications to both academia and practitioners.

Improving the application of information and communication technologies in the activities of prevention of offenses

Общество и инновации ◽

10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss2/s-pp295-300 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2/S) ◽

pp. 295-300

Author(s):

Svetlana Selimanova ◽

Umid Tallibayev

Keyword(s):

International Relations ◽

Information Society ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Global Level ◽

Global Networks ◽

New Information ◽

New Type

The article analyzes the issues of improving the use of information and communication technologies in the prevention of offenses on the basis of studying the norms of national legislation, the opinions of domestic and foreign scientists. It is noted that today, cardinal changes in the information sphere at the global level are carried out through the rapid development and dissemination of new information and communication technologies. An increasing influence on the economy, politics, international relations and culture is exerted by the development and improvement of global networks, which open up endless possibilities of direct communication between people in real time. All these advances in the information field create the preconditions for moving towards a completely new type of society - the information society and information space. On the basis of the study, scientifically grounded proposals and recommendations were formulated aimed at improving this area.

Conjunction of Local and Global Processes Towards Qualitative Integrated Urban Development of Danube Region

Architecture and Urban Planning ◽

10.2478/aup-2019-0012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 89-95

Author(s):

Miodrag Ralevic ◽

Tatjana Mrdjenovic ◽

Esad Muminović

Keyword(s):

Urban Development ◽

Local Level ◽

Global Network ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

Spatial Level ◽

Danube Region ◽

Global And Local

AbstractWe are witnesses of continuous and turbulent complexity process of urban development at every spatial level. The presence of information and communication technologies in every aspect of our life leads to the fact that there is no more “delay” in between global and local changes. This conjunction changes the paradigm of urban development, which is now in networking, communication and integration. This paper discusses these relations described as hypothesis within Castells’ paradigm of network society and project identity that should be developed on local level in order to be a part of – a node of global network, and to survive and develop its potentialities and capacities. This paradigm is discussed in relation to C. Alexander’s, E. Howard’s, and P. Geeds’ approach in order to define principles and steps of integration of different spatial levels toward more coherent, harmonized urban development. The research applies theoretical approaches of networking towards integrated development of Danube region.

ICT Policies Favouring Human Rights

Human Rights and Ethics ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-6433-3.ch003 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 35-49

Author(s):

Rolf H. Weber

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Civil Society ◽

Mass Media ◽

Freedom Of Expression ◽

Global Network ◽

Right To Development ◽

Ict Infrastructure

PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

Actual Problems of Russian Law ◽

10.17803/1994-1471.2019.102.5.169-182 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 169-182

Author(s):

M. V. MAZHORINA ◽

L. V. TERENTYEVA ◽

B. A. SHAKHNAZAROV

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

General Principle ◽

Private Law ◽

Private International Law ◽

Cross Border ◽

Sovereign Equality ◽

International Private Law ◽

Information And Communication

The process of globalization, the development of information and communication technologies, networking are changing society dramatically and, as a result, its superstructure — law. International private law, by virtue of its own subject matter and special methodology, is at the forefront of the corresponding changes. The paper examines the problems of defining the concept of territorial sovereignty in the non-territorial information space that are of serious importance in relation to private international law. Its principles are the general principle of the sovereign equality of states, acting as a general principle for private international law, and a special principle of the sovereign equality of national law of states. The problem of the realization of the territorial nature of the conflict of attachment formulas and the grounds of international jurisdiction in relation to a certain segment of the extra-territorial information space is posed. The issue of conditionality of the adaptation of the principles and methodology of legal regulation of public relations in the conditions of digital technologies by the need to understand the conditions and boundaries of the implementation of sovereignty, the jurisdiction of the state in the information and communication space is investigated. The processes comprehended within the framework of the science of international private law are to some extent relevant for other branches of law. This paper analyzes such indicators of current changes in the legal paradigm as the impact of information and telecommunication technologies on the development of private international law, the place and increasing importance of non-state regulation in the process of streamlining cross-border private law relations, and the development of non-state systems for resolving cross-border disputes. The authors touch upon the problems of the use of blockchain technologies and the protection of intellectual property in cross-border private law relations; private adhocracy rulemaking, the formation of various social phenomena in the key lex mercatoria, the influence of international commercial arbitration, online platforms on the formation of current trends in the field of resolution of crossborder disputes, etc.

Not Ready for Convergence in Data Infrastructures

Data Intelligence ◽

10.1162/dint_a_00084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 116-135 ◽

Author(s):

Keith Jeffery ◽

Peter Wittenburg ◽

Larry Lannom ◽

George Strawn ◽

Claudia Biniossek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multidisciplinary Research ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Data Infrastructures ◽

Digital Objects ◽

Set Up ◽

The Cost ◽

Research Domains

Much research is dependent on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Researchers in different research domains have set up their own ICT systems (data labs) to support their research, from data collection (observation, experiment, simulation) through analysis (analytics, visualisation) to publication. However, too frequently the Digital Objects (DOs) upon which the research results are based are not curated and thus neither available for reproduction of the research nor utilization for other (e.g., multidisciplinary) research purposes. The key to curation is rich metadata recording not only a description of the DO and the conditions of its use but also the provenance – the trail of actions performed on the DO along the research workflow. There are increasing real-world requirements for multidisciplinary research. With DOs in domain-specific ICT systems (silos), commonly with inadequate metadata, such research is hindered. Despite wide agreement on principles for achieving FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) utilization of research data, current practices fall short. FAIR DOs offer a way forward. The paradoxes, barriers and possible solutions are examined. The key is persuading the researcher to adopt best practices which implies decreasing the cost (easy to use autonomic tools) and increasing the benefit (incentives such as acknowledgement and citation) while maintaining researcher independence and flexibility.

Approaches to Assessing the Level of Digitalization and Global E-commerce Policy Choices

Spatial Economics ◽

10.14530/se.2020.4.136-164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 136-164

Author(s):

Timur Aliev ◽

◽

Olga Ismagilova ◽

Veronika Popova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

Business Processes ◽

Human Society ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Cross Border ◽

Reducing Costs

Digital technologies and their role in global economic development have been increasing the past two decades. Digitalization has changed many aspects of human society. It had a significant impact on business processes in international trade, reducing costs, increasing the value and speed of cross-border transactions. E-commerce is becoming the most important engine for economic growth. The article examines new digitalization trends in the context of the international trade development. Among the key trends caused by digitalization and affecting international trade, it highlights the following: 1) expanding of globally e-commerce sales and the world marketplaces turnover; 2) increasing the value of international trade in ICT goods and services, and digitally-deliverable services; 3) growth of world exports in services by mode 1 of supply, i.e. cross border supply. The problem of assessing the level of digitalization of the economy and its impact on trade is becoming more and more urgent. Many leading international organizations including OECD, WTO, IMF, UNCTAD are working on developing universal approaches to the formation of terminology in the field of digitalization of trade, measuring digital trade and classifying economic sectors depending on the level of digitalization. The study draws particular attention to these issues. The authors have systematized an extensive list of international indices. The first cluster includes indices characterizing the level of e-commerce markets development. The second cluster contains indices that assess the development of information and communication technologies. Finally, the third cluster of indices assesses penetration of digital technology into economy and life. Indices that assess digital trade policy measures were also examined

Knowledge Codification and ICT Use in Business Networks

Encyclopedia of Knowledge Management, Second Edition ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-931-1.ch049 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 506-514 ◽

Author(s):

Ettore Bolisani ◽

Enrico Scarso

Keyword(s):

Virtual Enterprises ◽

Business Networks ◽

Global Networks ◽

Business Partners ◽

Diffusion Of Information ◽

Knowledge Codification ◽

The Individual

The notion of networks in business, i.e. structures of heterogeneous relationships between firms interacting for business purposes (Todeva, 2006), is not new in the economic literature. Today, however, this concept is becoming popular again since the diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and the globalization of competition have led to the emergence of new inter-organizational forms that the literature denotes with various terms (e.g. extended/virtual enterprises, global networks, knowledge networks, extended supply chains, etc.), and are characterized as follows: 1. companies interact with other companies, often on a regular base, because they are not able to manage all the knowledge needed to pursue their strategies in a global and turbulent environment; 2. there is a subdivision of tasks and activities among business partners, but also shared goals whose achievement affects the success of the individual company; 3. companies are scattered globally, and make intense use of ICT applications to communicate.