scholarly journals THE FORMATION OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND CHARAC-TERISTICS OF THE TRAJECTORIES OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRIES IN THE FORMER SOVIET UNION

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
L.V. Borovskaya ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Samunnatha ◽  
Choong Y. Lee ◽  
Gulzat Machinova

The purpose of this paper is to identify what youth development programs are needed for the socio-economic development of Kyrgyzstan, and how such programs can be built effectively for the sustainable development of Kyrgyzstan. Since their independence from the Former Soviet Union, virtually all Central Asian countries have faced complex socio-economic challenges in their transition from a command to a market economy. As a consequence, social instability has increased to the level of serious threat to political stability and national security. Particularly, Kyrgyzstan has had people’s revolutions trice since its independence. In those three Kyrgyz revolutions, even though all patriotic Kyrgyz people were parts of relatively peaceful demonstrations against dictators and their corrupt governments, young people who were teens and early twenties made the difference at the critical moments during those two revolutions. Now, Kyrgyz people seem overconfident in believing that they could change anything they don’t like. Especially after the second revolution, many people, especially young people, in Kyrgyzstan have a wrong and dangerous perception that they could have another revolution any time when they feel their demands are not satisfied. However, unfortunately, such demands could not be satisfied completely in a shorter time of their tolerance. If young people’s beliefs about their future will not be realized soon, there will be social chaos virtually everyday continuously, which hurts its socio-economic development in Kyrgyzstan. As the Kyrgyz young people feel have ore socio- political power than ever in Kyrgyzstan, angry and frustrated young peoplein Kyrgyzstan will make lots of noise politically as well as socially. However, history tells us that radical movements, such as revolutions, are not the ultimate solutions in most times for building a healthy society or a prosperous nation. Revolution could sweep the past, but they could not promise a bright future automatically. Building a promising future needs well-developed plans, including youth development programs, by the knowledgeable and competent leadership with visions, and those plans should be carried out one by one in right ways. However, little attention has been paid to such programs in Kyrgyzstan. Therefore, Kyrgyzstan should establish well-focused youth development programs and implement them according to its national priority in strategic development of its country. The objective of this paper is to identify what youth programs/activities are needed for socio-economic development in Kyrgyzstan and how to develop such programs/activities effectively in the current situation, and to make some suggestions for successful operations of those programs to encourage all the Kyrgyz youth to play constructive roles in building their country as a socio-economically well-respected country in the world. Цель этой статьи - определить, какие программы развития молодежи необходимы для социально-экономического развития Кыргызстана и как такие программы могут быть эффективно построены для устойчивого развития Кыргызстана. С момента обретения независимости от бывшего Советского Союза практически все страны Центральной Азии столкнулись со сложными социально-экономическими проблемами при переходе от командной экономики к рыночной. Как следствие, социальная нестабильность выросла до уровня серьезной угрозы политической стабильности и национальной безопасности. В частности, с момента обретения независимости Кыргызстан трижды переживал народные революции. В этих трех киргизских революциях, несмотря на то, что все патриотически настроенные киргизы участвовали в относительно мирных демонстрациях против диктаторов и их коррумпированных правительств, молодые люди в возрасте от 20 до 30 лет сыграли решающую роль в критические моменты этих двух революций. Теперь кыргызстанцы кажутся слишком самоуверенными, полагая, что они могут изменить все, что им не нравится. Особенно после второй революции у многих людей, особенно молодых, в Кыргызстане сложилось неправильное и опасное представление о том, что у них может произойти еще одна революция в любое время, когда они почувствуют, что их требования не удовлетворены. Однако, к сожалению, такие требования не могли быть удовлетворены полностью за более короткий срок их терпимости. Если убеждения молодых людей в своем будущем не будут реализованы в ближайшее время, практически каждый день будет происходить социальный хаос, который негативно скажется на социально-экономическом раз- витии Кыргызстана. По мере того как кыргызская молодежь захватывает больше социально-политической власти, чем когда-либо в Кыргызстане, разгневанные и разочарованные молодые люди в Кыргызстане будут создавать много шума как в политическом, так и в социальном плане. Однако история говорит нам, что радикальные движения, такие как революции, в большинстве случаев не являются окончательным решением для построения здорового общества или процветающей нации. Революции могут смести прошлое, но они не могут автоматически обещать светлое будущее. Для построения многообещающего будущего необходимы хорошо разработанные планы, в том числе программы развития молодежи, под руководством знающего и компетентного руководства с видением, и эти


2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Golovnin ◽  
Alexander Libman ◽  
Daria Ushkalova ◽  
Alexandra Yakusheva

The paper examines the economic linkages between the post-Soviet states from the point of view of the financial and economic crisis of 2008–2009. It aims to find out whether the interdependence between the countries of the former Soviet Union is still large enough that crises in individual countries affect the economic development in the neighboring states, and assesses the impact of the crisis itself on the linkages between the former Soviet republics. The evidence is mixed: while some channels of interdependence deteriorated over the last decade, others became more important, and some were even strengthened by the crisis itself.


Author(s):  
Oleksandra Zakharova ◽  
Olena Harasymiv ◽  
Olga Sosnina ◽  
Oleksandra Soroka ◽  
Inesa Zaiets

Effective counteraction to corruption remains relevant in some countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, given that manifestations of corruption are a real obstacle to the realization of human rights, social justice, economic development and jeopardizes the proper functioning of a market economy. However, if such countries of the region, such as Poland, succeeded in ensuring the implementation of an effective anti-corruption policy, a number of post-Soviet countries, in particular Ukraine, faced significant obstacles to overcoming corruption and effectively implementing national anti-corruption policies. Therefore, within this article, a comparative legal analysis of the anti-corruption legislation of these countries has been carried out. The state of implementation of national anti-corruption policies and the formulated conclusions, which provide answers to the questions of improving the implementation of national anti-corruption policy, in particular Ukraine, are considered. Thus, the existence of modern national anti-corruption legislation that best meets the requirements and recommendations on which the state relies on relevant international treaties can be the key to successful anti-corruption efforts.


2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
L. V. Borovskaya

The structure of the national model of social and economic development is considered in the composition of types and subtypes of the economic system, taking into account the types of macroeconomic policy and the sector of the national economy, the nature of institutional transformations and institutional changes in the national economy is described, types of modern transformations or choice of alternative development options are identified. The difference between institutional changes and institutional transformations is revealed, namely institutional transformations and institutional changes are associated with the replacement of institutions, but it is the result of the former that the institutions that predetermine the functioning of the main components (predetermining attributes) of the economic system are replaced. It has been established that as a result of institutional transformations, changes take place in the system-forming institutions that predetermine the nature and characteristics of social and economic development. The transformations that took place or are potentially possible are determined in the context of the problem of managing the socio-economic development of the Republic of Crimea. It is determined that in the case of institutional transformations, there is necessarily a specific bifurcation point, characterized by the occurrence of a certain event or group of events, and is the starting platform for a specific institutional transformation. A scheme of various variants (scenarios) of the passage of the bifurcation point in the process of development of the national economy under the influence of external and internal factors is constructed, and changes in the states of development of the national economy during the passage of the bifurcation point are determined. The internal critical instability of the current state of development of the national economy has been studied. It is determined that institutional changes without the flow of institutional transformations represent a combination of the replacement of institutions in certain areas or spheres of socio-economic development. At the same time, the bifurcation point is absolutely not an obligatory condition, as a result of which institutional changes can take place constantly, thus constantly modernizing the institutional environment, taking into account new agreements, decision-making features and many other factors.


Author(s):  
Alexander Burnasov ◽  
Ilyushkina Maria ◽  
Yury Kovalev ◽  
Anatoly Stepanov ◽  
Gulnara Nyussupova

The prospects and trends for the development of border regions of the former Soviet Union have become one of the profound research areas in the field of economic geography recently. In the conditions of planned economy in the Republics of the USSR, a vertical system of industrial complexes was formed, with the focus on performing national economic tasks. There have been some significant changes in the border regions of independent post-Soviet States in the process of transition to the market economy model. The analysis of the industrial and territorial structure is done on the example of Russia and Kazakhstan. The formation of a common market on the basis of the Eurasian Economic Union allowed the border regions to make the most of their competitive advantage in attracting investments. The unique geographical particularity of the research object is manifested in the fact that there are no analogues of the longest land border in the world as between Russia and Kazakhstan. The new forms of production organisation are implemented in the border regions of the studied countries over more than 7,000 km. More than a quarter of a century later, transformation processes are clearly observed in the mining and manufacturing industries, agriculture, transport and services. As a result, the “regional asymmetry” of industrial development can be observed when manufacturing regions with high added value become the “cores” of economic development of cross-border relations between Russia and Kazakhstan.


2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1850146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Maria Wysokinska

The Central and Eastern European countries implemented an economic policy fundamentally reorienting their foreign trade in the nineteen–nineties. This involved a shift in direction from the East (the former Soviet Union and its satellite countries) to the West (primarily the European Union). The economic transformation of those countries as well as integration with the European Union was established and nearly complete in the wake of accession in the year 2004. However, transition periods facilitating the completion of integration processes were established for certain sectors, including adaptation to environmental rules and standards, for example. The aim of this paper is to present certain findings of an international comparison among the "new" European Union member states related to: certain final economic results of the transformation with respect to achievements related to the various states of economic development (verification of the M. Porter and T. Ozawa model), and the ability to adopt selected requirements of the Renewed European Union Strategies after the year 2005, with special reference to the Renewed Sustainable Development Strategy and the Strategy: Global Europe-Competing in the World. Verification of the Ozawa and Porter Model is positive for all Central and Eastern European new members of the European Union. Transformation and integration processes supported these countries on their way to economic development. These positive results on their development path are presented in the paper in detail.


2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas van Leeuwen ◽  
Dmitry Didenko ◽  
Péter Földvári

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