scholarly journals POTENSI TRIATOMA SP DALAM PENYEBARAN PENYAKIT TULAR VEKTOR EMERGING DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Risqa Novita
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

The era of globalization allows migration fastly, so we do not have boundary of a country. This led to an increase of the infectious diseases. Indonesia also have an impact on this globalization by highly migration. Indonesia is a tropical country and has diversity of vectors that can transmit various tropical diseases. One of a vector  which transmitted vector borne diseases is a bug Triatoma. Triatoma lives near the people’s house and in the bed. One of the species of Triatoma which found in indonesia is Triatoma rubrifasciata which is vector of Chagas disease and Leprosy and can cause allergic reaction of the skin after the bite. Triatoma infection in Southeast Asia, including in Indonesia has not been widely reported. This condition should make us to be alert on the disease emerging or re emerging diseases that can be caused by Triatoma . This article aims to study Triatoma as a vector of emerging and potentially re emerging diseases in Indonesia, which are Chagas, skin allergic reaction after bite and Leprosy. Methods. Literature review by look in google scholar and pubmed, by search using keywords: emerging parasitic, vector borne diseases, Triatoma in Southeast Asia. Inclusion criterias are research articles, laboratory research, case report, and systematic surveillance. Based on the literatures, tracing data that Indonesia has a chance to be  the cases of Chagas disease, Skin allergic reaction of Triatoma and Leprosy. It is supposed to made the vigilance on  make a early warning system, so our public health coud be achieved highest.

scholarly journals Towards a Semi-Automatic Early Warning System for Vector-Borne Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1823
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Pergantas ◽  
Nikos E. Papanikolaou ◽  
Chrisovalantis Malesios ◽  
Andreas Tsatsaris ◽  
Marios Kondakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Vector Model ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

The emergence and spread of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) is a function of biotic, abiotic and socio-economic drivers of disease while their economic and societal burden depends upon a number of time-varying factors. This work is concerned with the development of an early warning system that can act as a predictive tool for public health preparedness and response. We employ a host-vector model that combines entomological (mosquito data), social (immigration rate, demographic data), environmental (temperature) and geographical data (risk areas). The output consists of appropriate maps depicting suitable risk measures such as the basic reproduction number, R0, and the probability of getting infected by the disease. These tools consist of the backbone of a semi-automatic early warning system tool which can potentially aid the monitoring and control of VBDs in different settings. In addition, it can be used for optimizing the cost-effectiveness of distinct control measures and the integration of open geospatial and climatological data. The R code used to generate the risk indicators and the corresponding spatial maps along with the data is made available.

scholarly journals Ecosystem approaches to controlling of vector-borne diseases: dengue and Chagas disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S4-S4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Glória Teixeira ◽  
Ana Boischio ◽  
Maria da Conceição N. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Ecosystem Approaches

scholarly journals Perspectives on the basic reproductive ratio

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M Heffernan ◽  
R.J Smith ◽  
L.M Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Infectious Period ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Basic Reproductive Ratio ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
True Value ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Vector Borne

The basic reproductive ratio, R 0 , is defined as the expected number of secondary infections arising from a single individual during his or her entire infectious period, in a population of susceptibles. This concept is fundamental to the study of epidemiology and within-host pathogen dynamics. Most importantly, R 0 often serves as a threshold parameter that predicts whether an infection will spread. Related parameters which share this threshold behaviour, however, may or may not give the true value of R 0 . In this paper we give a brief overview of common methods of formulating R 0 and surrogate threshold parameters from deterministic, non-structured models. We also review common means of estimating R 0 from epidemiological data. Finally, we survey the recent use of R 0 in assessing emerging diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and avian influenza, a number of recent livestock diseases, and vector-borne diseases malaria, dengue and West Nile virus.

scholarly journals Emerging and Re-emerging Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases and the Challenges for Control: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayissa Chala ◽  
Feyissa Hamde
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Many ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Vector-borne emerging and re-emerging diseases pose considerable public health problem worldwide. Some of these diseases are emerging and/or re-emerging at increasing rates and appeared in new regions in the past two decades. Studies emphasized that the interactions among pathogens, hosts, and the environment play a key role for the emergence or re-emergence of these diseases. Furthermore, social and demographic factors such as human population growth, urbanization, globalization, trade exchange and travel and close interactions with livestock have significantly been linked with the emergence and/or re-emergence of vector-borne diseases. Other studies emphasize the ongoing evolution of pathogens, proliferation of reservoir populations, and antimicrobial drug use to be the principal exacerbating forces for emergence and re-emergence of vector-borne infectious diseases. Still other studies equivocally claim that climate change has been associated with appearance and resurgence of vector-borne infectious diseases. Despite the fact that many important emerging and re-emerging vector-borne infectious diseases are becoming better controlled, our success in stopping the many new appearing and resurging vector-borne infectious diseases that may happen in the future seems to be uncertain. Hence, this paper reviews and synthesizes the existing literature to explore global patterns of emerging and re-emerging vector-borne infections and the challenges for their control. It also attempts to give insights to the epidemiological profile of major vector-borne diseases including Zika fever, dengue, West Nile fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Chikungunya, Yellow fever, and Rift Valley fever.

scholarly journals Recent trends in global insecticide use for disease vector control and potential implications for resistance management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk van den Berg ◽  
Haroldo Sergio da Silva Bezerra ◽  
Samira Al-Eryani ◽  
Emmanuel Chanda ◽  
Bhupender N. Nagpal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Vector Borne

AbstractInsecticides have played a major role in the prevention, control, and elimination of vector-borne diseases, but insecticide resistance threatens the efficacy of available vector control tools. A global survey was conducted to investigate vector control insecticide use from 2010 to 2019. Out of 140 countries selected as sample for the study, 87 countries responded. Also, data on ex-factory deliveries of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) were analyzed. Insecticide operational use was highest for control of malaria, followed by dengue, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Vector control relied on few insecticide classes with pyrethroids the most used overall. Results indicated that IRS programs have been slow to react to detection of pyrethroid resistance, while proactive resistance management using insecticides with unrelated modes of action was generally weak. The intensive use of recently introduced insecticide products raised concern about product stewardship regarding the preservation of insecticide susceptibility in vector populations. Resistance management was weakest for control of dengue, leishmaniasis or Chagas disease. Therefore, it will be vital that vector control programs coordinate on insecticide procurement, planning, implementation, resistance monitoring, and capacity building. Moreover, increased consideration should be given to alternative vector control tools that prevent the development of insecticide resistance.

scholarly journals Focus on Common Small Animal Vector-Borne Diseases in Central and Southeastern Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-169
Author(s):  
Leschnik Michael
Keyword(s):  
Small Animal ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Vector Borne

AbstractVector-borne diseases are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in small animals in Europe. Many of these diseases are well-known among veterinary practitioners and some of them are called emerging diseases as prevalence, temporal and spatial distribution seem to increase in Europe. The number of newly recognized pathogens, transmitted by a variety of arthropod vectors, that are relevant for dogs and cats, is also increasing every year. The prevalence among infected vectors and hosts is a hot topic in veterinary science throughout the entire continent, as well as the development of efficient diagnostic procedures, therapy and prophylactic measures. Companion animal vector-borne diseases comprise a large group of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminths. These pathogens are mainly transmitted by bloodsucking arthropods (ticks, fleas, mosquitos, sand flies), and more seldom by direct transmission between vertebrate hosts. Vector prevalence and activity is influenced by local climate conditions, host species density, changes in landscape and land use. Human parameters such as poverty and migration affect the use of prophylactic measures against pathogen transmission and infection as well as increasing the zoonotic risk to introducing pathogens by infected humans. Small animal associated factors such as pet trade and pet travel spread infection and certain vectors such as ticks and fleas. All these factors pose several complex and significant challenges for veterinarians in clinical practice to decide on efficient laboratory work-up and constructive diagnostic procedures.

scholarly journals Decoys and dilution: the impact of incompetent hosts on prevalence of Chagas disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mondal Hasan Zahid ◽  
Christopher M. Kribs
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Intermediate Distance ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBiodiversity is commonly believed to reduce risk of vector-borne zoonoses. However, researchers already showed that the effect of biodiversity on disease transmission is not that straightforward. This study focuses on the effect of biodiversity, specifically on the effect of the decoy process (additional hosts distracting vectors from their focal host), on reducing infections of vector-borne diseases in humans. Here, we consider the specific case of Chagas disease and use mathematical population models to observe the impact on human infection of the proximity of chickens, which are incompetent hosts for the parasite but serve as a preferred food source for vectors. We consider three cases as the distance between the two host populations varies: short (when farmers bring chickens inside the home to protect them from predators), intermediate (close enough for vectors with one host to detect the presence of the other host type), and far (separate enclosed buildings such as a home and hen-house). Our analysis shows that the presence of chickens reduces parasite prevalence in humans only at an intermediate distance under the condition that the vector birth rate from feeding on chickens is sufficiently low.

Exploiting symbiotic interactions for vector/disease control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Mavingui ◽  
Claire Valiente Mor ◽  
Pablo Tortosa
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Symbiotic Interactions ◽  
Vector Borne

Arthropods transmit a variety of diseases to humans and animals, including arboviruses, bacteria and parasites. No efficient treatments or control methods are available for many vector-borne diseases, especially for emerging diseases. Therefore, the development of alternative strategies aiming at controlling disease transmission is encouraged worldwide. Although transmission phenomenon is a result of complex interactions involving several actors evolving in a changing environment, the biotic relationship between pathogens and their vectors represents a key step in successful disease transmission. Recent studies highlighted a strong impact of microbiomes on the life-history traits of arthropod hosts. This chapter emphasizes those biotic interactions having an impact on adaptive traits influencing disease transmission. Evidence in behavioral alterations of vector populations/individuals with relevance to vector-pathogen transmission mitigation is reviewed. Opportunities to take advantage of such biotic processes in the control of vector-borne diseases in different epidemiological, entomological and environmental settings are explored.

Toward a fire and haze early warning system for Southeast Asia

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Jin Ho Yoo ◽  
J. Cho ◽  
S. Hameed ◽  
R. Field ◽  
K. F. Kwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System
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