Pseudo-hermafroditismo masculino em um equino

Background: Intersexuality is considered an alteration in the animal development that opposes the characteristics determined by the genetic sex, resulting in an individual with characteristic features of both sexes. The objective of this work is to report a case of male pseudohermaphroditism of a Criollo breed horse referred to the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias (HCV) of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil. We gather information on the intersexuality diagnostics highlighting cytogenetics as an additional tool to diagnosis.Case: A Criollo breed horse was attended at the HCV with the main complaint of morphological anomaly of the external genitalia. The animal presented female external features, characterized by mammal glands and female genitalia. The horse also showed a rudimentary penis-like structure, caudally oriented shrouded by a cutaneous crease similar to a vulva and presented male behavior. The external genitalia was examined but the vaginoscope could not be inserted since the crease ended in a sac, with no openings. Rectal palpation and transrectal ultrasound could not reveal the presence of female gonads. Urethral ultrasound revealed the pelvic urethra and the openings of the male accessory glands. The equine was subjected to hormonal challenge with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). First sample presented a testosterone concentration of 20 ng/dL; second sample, on the other hand, presented a testosterone concentration of 60 ng/dL after the stimulus. The Polimerase Chain Reaction technique revealed absence of gene SRY (sex determiningregion Y). The cytogenetic study was conducted with the lymphocytes obtained from peripherical venous blood. From this, we could verify that the patient was genetically male with karyotype 64 XY. Necropsy showed presence of prepuce and rudimentary penis at the anatomical site of the vulva without scrotum. In the pelvic cavity, a structure similar to a uterine body was observed, with the horns ending at the ovaries anatomical sites, where a structure similar to testicles was found with underdeveloped seminiferous tubules lacking production of spermatozoa and rudimentary epididymis with epididymal ducts coated with primitive stereocilia.Discussion: True hermaphroditism is defined by the presence of ovarian and testicular tissues in the same individual, as separate gonads or combined, as ovotestis. On the other hand, the pseudo-hermaphrodite is an individual with only one gonad, and external genitalia and secondary characteristics of the opposite sex. Urethral endoscopy allowed the visualization of the pelvic urethra and the male sexual glands openings. Following stimulation with hCG, testosterone level increased in 40 ng/dL, evidencing the presence of testicular tissue. Sexual differentiation is determined by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome and by the expression of gene SRY. The animal studied here had karyotype 64 XY and lacked gene SRY, characterizing a condition where testicular differentiation occurred in the absence of gene SRY. It is possible to conclude that clinical evaluation, complementary exams and hormonal analysis allowed the identification of intersexuality. However, only molecular, cytogenetic and histological analyses allowed the definitive diagnosis of male pseudohermaphrodite.

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Structural constraints of secondary asymmetry in male external genitalia of Noctuidae

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/1876312x-04402001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (3-4) ◽

pp. 349-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zoltán Varga ◽

László Ronkay

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Success ◽

Complex Structure ◽

External Genitalia ◽

The Other ◽

Structural Constraints ◽

Asymmetric Structures ◽

Other Hand ◽

Spatial Geometry ◽

Male External Genitalia ◽

Working Hypotheses

The basic architecture of the external genitalia of Noctuidae (“genital capsula”) is bilaterally symmetric. Secondary asymmetry is well-known in different subfamilies and tribes. We review and interpret the functions and processes which may be responsible for secondary asymmetry (i.e., dissymmetry) of these structures in terms of structural vs. behavioural working hypotheses. We consider the genital structures as correlated elements of a complex structure (“bauplan”) in which some changes in details can be explained by selection due to optimization of the reproductive success. Major pathways of changes are, however, delimited by some structural constraints which appear in parallel in different phyletic lines of trifine Noctuidae. One of these constraints is the subsistence of symmetry in structures with own musculature. On the other hand, some rigid parts without own musculature can evolve more rapidly and divergently in connection with the different allocation of functions. Such asymmetric structures may have some selective advantages due to the more effective stimulation, on one side, and fixation of genital parts during copulation, on the other. Asymmetric structures can effectively enhance the variations of the spatial geometry but without change of the “bauplan” which can be preserved in parallel in different taxonomical groups. It means that the originally symmetric “bauplan” with its homologies can be considered as a phyletic “heritage”, while the functional dissymmetrisation driven by selective optimization is the “habitus” in which numerous homoplasies can occur.

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Role of Vitamin E on Antispermatogenic Effects of Indomethacin on Number of Sperm Containing Seminiferous Tubules of Testes in Long Evans Rats

Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy ◽

10.3329/bja.v7i1.3009 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 5-9

Author(s):

Md Jahangir Alam ◽

Monira Khatun ◽

Manowara Begum ◽

Muazzem Hossain ◽

Jesmin Akhter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

The Other ◽

Male Rats ◽

Seminiferous Tubules ◽

Testicular Damage ◽

Other Hand ◽

Group I ◽

Long Evans ◽

Different Doses

Context: Indomethacin is the most commonly and widely used nonsteroidal antiinflammatory analgesic and antipyretic drug. Despite its effectiveness as an antiinflammatory use, indomethacin causes inhibition of spermatogenesis leading to infertility. On the other hand, vitamin E enhances spermatogenesis. Therefore, the present study was designed to observe the protective role of vitamin E on indomethacin induced testicular damage. Objective: To observe the effects of vitamin E on indomethacin induced testicular damage in Long Evans rats. Study design: An experimental study. Place and period of study: The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka. Materials and methods: Eightyfour mature Long Evans male rats were divided into four groups (I, II, III and IV). The rats of group I, II and III were treated with indomethacin at different doses and duration. Group IV rats were treated with indomethacin and vitamin E at different doses for 49 days. Histologically the number of sperm containing and nonsperm containing seminiferous tubules were counted. Results: There was significant reduction (P<0.001) in number of sperm containing seminiferous tubules when the rats were treated with indomethacin at low (2 mg/kg body wt/day) and high dose (10 mg/kg body wt/day) for 7, 14 and 42 days, respectively. On the other hand, rats treated with indomethacin and vitamin E for 49 days showed increase in number of sperm containing seminiferous tubules compared to the other groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that vitamin E has potential role in the prevention of the antispermatogenic effects of indomethacin. Key words: Seminiferous tubules, Indomethacin, Vitamin E doi: 10.3329/bja.v7i1.3009 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2009, Vol. 7 No. 1 pp. 5-9

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A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s025292110003150x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 173 ◽

pp. 249-254

Author(s):

A.M. Silva ◽

R.D. Miró

Keyword(s):

Short Duration ◽

Growth Curves ◽

The Other ◽

Initial Mass ◽

Radio Lines ◽

Other Hand ◽

Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

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Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100061938 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 6-7

Author(s):

A. V. Crewe

Keyword(s):

Normal Form ◽

The Other ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Scanning Microscope ◽

Conventional Microscope ◽

Other Hand ◽

Closing The Gap ◽

Thermal Sources ◽

Better Than ◽

Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

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Life Beyond 1MeV

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s1431927600000118 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 30-33

Author(s):

K.H. Westmacott

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Past Experience ◽

The Other ◽

Good Case ◽

Other Hand ◽

The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

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Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie ◽

10.1024/1010-0652.19.3.132 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 129-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Reimer Kornmann

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Opposite Effect ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Point Of View ◽

The Other ◽

Self Concept ◽

High Ability ◽

Self Image ◽

Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

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Stories and the Self

Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications ◽

10.1027/1864-1105/a000255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 47-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stefan Krause ◽

Markus Appel

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

The Self ◽

The Other ◽

Lower Degree ◽

Contrast Effects ◽

Self Perception ◽

Self Perceptions ◽

Other Hand ◽

The One ◽

Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

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Don’t Put Me in This Group

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335/a000363 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 80-93

Author(s):

Jort de Vreeze ◽

Christina Matschke

Keyword(s):

Positive Emotions ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Negative Information ◽

The Self ◽

The Other ◽

Other Hand ◽

Group Memberships

Abstract. Not all group memberships are self-chosen. The current research examines whether assignments to non-preferred groups influence our relationship with the group and our preference for information about the ingroup. It was expected and found that, when people are assigned to non-preferred groups, they perceive the group as different to the self, experience negative emotions about the assignment and in turn disidentify with the group. On the other hand, when people are assigned to preferred groups, they perceive the group as similar to the self, experience positive emotions about the assignment and in turn identify with the group. Finally, disidentification increases a preference for negative information about the ingroup.

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