Structural constraints of secondary asymmetry in male external genitalia of Noctuidae

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 349-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Varga ◽  
László Ronkay
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Asymmetric Structures ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Spatial Geometry ◽  
Male External Genitalia ◽  
Working Hypotheses

The basic architecture of the external genitalia of Noctuidae (“genital capsula”) is bilaterally symmetric. Secondary asymmetry is well-known in different subfamilies and tribes. We review and interpret the functions and processes which may be responsible for secondary asymmetry (i.e., dissymmetry) of these structures in terms of structural vs. behavioural working hypotheses. We consider the genital structures as correlated elements of a complex structure (“bauplan”) in which some changes in details can be explained by selection due to optimization of the reproductive success. Major pathways of changes are, however, delimited by some structural constraints which appear in parallel in different phyletic lines of trifine Noctuidae. One of these constraints is the subsistence of symmetry in structures with own musculature. On the other hand, some rigid parts without own musculature can evolve more rapidly and divergently in connection with the different allocation of functions. Such asymmetric structures may have some selective advantages due to the more effective stimulation, on one side, and fixation of genital parts during copulation, on the other. Asymmetric structures can effectively enhance the variations of the spatial geometry but without change of the “bauplan” which can be preserved in parallel in different taxonomical groups. It means that the originally symmetric “bauplan” with its homologies can be considered as a phyletic “heritage”, while the functional dissymmetrisation driven by selective optimization is the “habitus” in which numerous homoplasies can occur.

Post-socialist labour and the dual logic of collective action: workers’ unrest and trade union strategy in Fiat Automobiles Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-430
Author(s):  
Francesco Bagnardi ◽  
Valentina Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Assembly Plant ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The One

In this article we examine the episode of labour discontent that occurred at the Fiat-Chrysler assembly plant in Kragujevac, Serbia, in the summer of 2017. The article traces the process through which the two main trade unions organised and channelled labour unrest at the plant level. Drawing on Offe and Wiesenthal’s conceptualisation of workers’ collective action dilemma, the case highlights the trade-off between on the one hand the need for institutional legitimation and on the other hand responsiveness to workers’ demands. We attempt to show that unions still have space in which to represent workers’ interests effectively when disputes emerge, regardless of unfavourable structural constraints and legacies. The article shows that not even traditionally non-conflictual and legacy unions can be fully sheltered from democratic pressures from workers and competitor organisations. Therefore, the ability to mediate between democratic and bureaucratic logics of action and legitimation remains crucial for any union and determines unions’ ability to represent effectively the interests of labour. Dans cet article, les auteurs examinent l’épisode de mécontentement des travailleurs qui s’est produit à l’usine d’assemblage Fiat-Chrysler à Kragujevac, en Serbie, à l’été 2017. L’article retrace le processus par lequel les deux principaux syndicats ont organisé et canalisé les conflits de travail au niveau de l’usine. En se fondant sur la conceptualisation développée par Offe et Wiesenthal du choix de l’action collective des travailleurs, ce cas met en évidence le compromis entre, d’une part, le besoin de légitimation institutionnelle et, d’autre part, la capacité à répondre aux demandes des travailleurs. Les auteurs tentent de montrer que les syndicats disposent encore de l’espace nécessaire pour représenter efficacement les intérêts des travailleurs lorsque des conflits surgissent, indépendamment des contraintes structurelles et de l’héritage défavorables qui leur ont été laissés. Cet article montre que même les syndicats traditionnellement non conflictuels et ceux issus du passé ne peuvent pas être totalement à l’abri des pressions démocratiques des travailleurs et des organisations concurrentes. Par conséquent, la capacité de médiation entre les logiques démocratiques et bureaucratiques de l’action et de la légitimation demeure primordiale pour tout syndicat et détermine la capacité des syndicats à représenter efficacement les intérêts des travailleurs. Im vorliegenden Artikel untersuchen wir die Auseinandersetzungen zwischen der Belegschaft und der Unternehmensleitung im Fiat-Chrysler-Montagewerk in Kragujevac, Serbien im Sommer 2017. Der Artikel zeichnet nach, wie die beiden großen betrieblich vertretenen Gewerkschaften die Unzufriedenheit der Arbeitnehmer auf der Werksebene kanalisiert und organisiert haben. Unter Bezugnahme auf Offes und Wiesenthals Konzeptualisierung des Dilemmas des kollektiven Handelns von Arbeitnehmern ist dieser Fall symptomatisch für den Zielkonflikt zwischen der Notwendigkeit institutioneller Legitimation einerseits und dem Reaktionsvermögen auf Forderungen von Arbeitnehmern andererseits. Wir versuchen nachzuweisen, dass Gewerkschaften nach wie vor Handlungsspielräume haben, um in Konfliktfällen Arbeitnehmerinteressen ungeachtet struktureller Einschränkungen und Altlasten effektiv zu vertreten. Der Artikel zeigt, dass nicht einmal traditionell konsensorientierte Gewerkschaften und Rechtsnachfolger der früheren sozialistischen Gewerkschaften umfassend vor demokratisch legitimiertem Druck von Arbeitnehmern und Mitbewerberorganisationen geschützt werden können. Die Fähigkeit, zwischen demokratischer und bürokratischer Handlungslogik und Legitimation vermitteln zu können, ist deshalb für alle Gewerkschaften von entscheidender Bedeutung und bestimmt ihre Fähigkeit, die Interessen von Arbeitnehmern wirksam zu vertreten.

Accessibilité Pronominale Des Dét. N1 de (DÉT.) N2

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
Laurence Kister
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preference Scale ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Shared Information ◽  
Pronominal Anaphora ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The One ◽  
Argumentative Structure

The analysis of pronominal anaphora in dét. N1 de (dét.) N2 requires on the one hand a preliminary study of anaphora and of the relations supported by de, and on the other hand, an examination of referential functioning of propositional constructions. The analysis of the relations supported by de is seldom enough to determine whether the whole structure, or just a part of it, is favoured. Thus, the notion of "head" which underlies the principle of pronoun accessing and the preselective clauses must take into account the way of determining the different components of the Dét. N1 de (dét.) N2. The role of determiners is therefore essential : those introducing N2 just as well as those preceding the whole prepositional construction because they all can contribute to making the whole complex structure, or part of it, salient. Examining the distribution of the determiners does not allow us to list all the possible and impossible anaphoras ; it simply aims at building up an access and preference scale based on the notions of salience and accessibility. The identification of references requires a treatment taking many other factors into account: conceptual agreement in gender, immediate or remote contexts, argumentative structure, shared information, extra-linguistic and encyclopedic knowledge...

scholarly journals Pseudo-hermafroditismo masculino em um equino

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Verônica La Cruz Bueno ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Wayne Nogueira ◽  
Bianca Lemos Dos Santos ◽  
Ana Carolina Barreto Coelho ◽  
Douglas Pacheco Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytogenetic Study ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Breed Horse

Background: Intersexuality is considered an alteration in the animal development that opposes the characteristics determined by the genetic sex, resulting in an individual with characteristic features of both sexes. The objective of this work is to report a case of male pseudohermaphroditism of a Criollo breed horse referred to the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias (HCV) of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil. We gather information on the intersexuality diagnostics highlighting cytogenetics as an additional tool to diagnosis.Case: A Criollo breed horse was attended at the HCV with the main complaint of morphological anomaly of the external genitalia. The animal presented female external features, characterized by mammal glands and female genitalia. The horse also showed a rudimentary penis-like structure, caudally oriented shrouded by a cutaneous crease similar to a vulva and presented male behavior. The external genitalia was examined but the vaginoscope could not be inserted since the crease ended in a sac, with no openings. Rectal palpation and transrectal ultrasound could not reveal the presence of female gonads. Urethral ultrasound revealed the pelvic urethra and the openings of the male accessory glands. The equine was subjected to hormonal challenge with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). First sample presented a testosterone concentration of 20 ng/dL; second sample, on the other hand, presented a testosterone concentration of 60 ng/dL after the stimulus. The Polimerase Chain Reaction technique revealed absence of gene SRY (sex determiningregion Y). The cytogenetic study was conducted with the lymphocytes obtained from peripherical venous blood. From this, we could verify that the patient was genetically male with karyotype 64 XY. Necropsy showed presence of prepuce and rudimentary penis at the anatomical site of the vulva without scrotum. In the pelvic cavity, a structure similar to a uterine body was observed, with the horns ending at the ovaries anatomical sites, where a structure similar to testicles was found with underdeveloped seminiferous tubules lacking production of spermatozoa and rudimentary epididymis with epididymal ducts coated with primitive stereocilia.Discussion: True hermaphroditism is defined by the presence of ovarian and testicular tissues in the same individual, as separate gonads or combined, as ovotestis. On the other hand, the pseudo-hermaphrodite is an individual with only one gonad, and external genitalia and secondary characteristics of the opposite sex. Urethral endoscopy allowed the visualization of the pelvic urethra and the male sexual glands openings. Following stimulation with hCG, testosterone level increased in 40 ng/dL, evidencing the presence of testicular tissue. Sexual differentiation is determined by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome and by the expression of gene SRY. The animal studied here had karyotype 64 XY and lacked gene SRY, characterizing a condition where testicular differentiation occurred in the absence of gene SRY. It is possible to conclude that clinical evaluation, complementary exams and hormonal analysis allowed the identification of intersexuality. However, only molecular, cytogenetic and histological analyses allowed the definitive diagnosis of male pseudohermaphrodite.

scholarly journals Puddling of butterflies in Jahangirnagar University campus and the bank of Bangshi river, Savar, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Nourin Rima ◽  
Afroza Meme ◽  
Md Monwar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Human Sweat ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Interesting Behavior

Butterfly is one of the amazing creatures of nature, which possesses some interesting behavior like puddling that includes feeding at mud, dung or carrion. A total of 54 species of butterflies under 8 families were found to gather around two different puddle grounds viz. Jahangirnagar University campus (JU campus) and bank of Bangshi river (BBR), Savar, Dhaka during January 2012 to December 2013. Among the recorded 54 species of butterflies, 6 species belonged to the family Papilionidae, 11 species to Pieridae, 10 species to Lycaenidae, 3 species to Danaidae, 13 species to Nymphalidae, 7 species to Satyridae, 3 species to Hesperiidae and 1 species to Acraeidae. In JU campus several types of puddling sources were used by butterflies viz. mud or wet soil, dung, carrion, wet sands and wet bricks, human sweat, bird-dropping, rotten fruits and flowers. On the other hand, in the bank of Bangshi river, butterflies used polluted water on the river side. In those puddle sources, members of Papilionidae and Pieridae were preferred mineral sources as they did puddle on mostly water sources (mud, wet soil, wet sand, wet brick), while members of Nymphalidae, Hesperiidae and Lycaenidae preferred to puddle on various nutrient sources (carrion, dung, rotten flowers). These results indicated that butterfly require various minerals and nutrients which are extracted through puddling sources for their reproductive success and other physiological activities.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 5(1): 57-70, 2016 (June)

CYBERCRIME TRENDS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Юлия Владимировна Тарасова
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Computer Technologies ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One

В данной статье раскрывается понятие киберпреступности, которая характеризуется сложной структурой и большим разнообразием совершаемых в этой сфере общественно опасных деяний. В статье представлены актуальные на сегодняшний день тенденции с приведением примеров, рассмотрены факторы латентности киберпреступности. This article reveals the concept of cybercrime, which is characterized by a complex structure and a wide variety of socially dangerous acts committed in this area. This topic is relevant because in the modern world the sphere of computer technologies is rapidly developing, the use of which, on the one hand, has made the life of users easier, on the other hand, their use is far from safe. The article presents current trends with examples, considers the factors of cybercrime latency .

Impact of E-dictionaries on Arab students’ translation strategies

Babel ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Fattah Al-Jabr
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Arab Students ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

This paper sets out to investigate the impact of e-­­dictionaries on Arab students’ translation skills and strategies. To this effect, expressions or sentences including culture-­­specific, idiomatic, collocational, and colloquial expressions as well as syntactic complex structures were given to some Arab translation students at Bahrain University. The results showed a considerable effect of e-­­dictionaries on the strategies the students employed in rendering the given texts. It was found that e-­­dictionaries very often opt for word-­­for-­­word translation and formal (literal) equivalence in search for meanings of lexical elements. More complex structure was found to pose greater challenge to both e-­­dictionaries and students. On the other hand, familiarity with lexical elements made the translation task much easier. The paper concludes with a summary of the problems both e-­­dictionaries and Arab students normally encounter when attempting problematic issues from English into Arabic.

Structural Constraints on the Performance of Symmetrical Bimanual Movements with Different Amplitudes

1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 716-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Spijkers ◽  
Herbert Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Cross Talk ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Constant Amplitude ◽  
Bimanual Movements ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Small Constant ◽  
Movement Sequence ◽  
The Mean

In bimanual movements the amplitude of each hand's movement often depends on the concurrent amplitude of the other hand's movement such that both amplitudes become similar (amplitude coupling). We tested the hypothesis that the strength of amplitude coupling depends on the tempo of performance of a movement sequence, a hypothesis based on a model of bimanual coordination that holds that cross-talk occurs at the execution level as well as at the programming level. Subjects performed bimanual periodic arm movements on two digitizers. In nine conditions constant small, constant large, and alternating small and large amplitudes of each arm were orthogonally combined. Overall tempo was varied by instructing subjects to increase the tempo progressively by 10%. Clear tempo-dependent modulations of the amplitude were observed in movements with instructed constant amplitude when the other hand performed alternating amplitudes. The effect of the size of constant-amplitude movements on the mean amplitude of the other hand indicated cross-talk at the execution level. Cross-talk at the programming level was revealed by the dependence of the current amplitude on the change in the amplitude of the other hand in the preceding cycle. Finally, asymmetric cross-manual effects were observed.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

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