scholarly journals Iatrogenic Postvaccinal Injection Site Granulomas in Cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Natália Picoli Folchini ◽  
Liliane Zanatta ◽  
Lays Wouters Ugolini ◽  
Tanise Policarpo Machado ◽  
Adriana Costa Da Motta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Trained Personnel ◽  
History Of

Background: The Brazilian government has established disease eradication and control programs to protect livestock from pathogens that affect animal health and compromise animal protein production and food safety and quality. Vaccination campaigns against foot-and-mouth disease and other infectious diseases in cattle except brucellosis can be carried out bynon-veterinarian employees. However, vaccination errors can result in the formation of granulomas at injection sites that can affect animal welfare and production. The present study aimed to report two cases of granulomas at injection sites due to the inadvertent administration of vaccines containing saponins and mineral oil as adjuvants.Cases: Case 1. The history was that a 2-year-old Devon steer was down for 7 days and was vaccinated 20 days ago with a vaccine containing saponins and mineral oil as adjuvants. Case 2. A 7-month-old Holstein heifer was examinated due to a 40-day history of ataxia, forelimb paresis progressing to tetraparesis, and vaccination with a vaccine containing saponins and mineral oil as adjuvants 60 days ago. These two animals were admitted in the Veterinary Hospital from the University of Passo Fundo (UPF) with a clinical history of incoordination and permanent decubitus after vaccination. The disease had a similar clinical course in both animals. Clinical signs included the presence of a palpable cervical mass at the site of vaccination, forelimb paresis that progressed to tetraparesis, and decubitus scars. Treatment included intravenousadministration of anti-inflammatory steroids, antibiotic therapy, daily cleansing of the pressure sores, all four limbs were massaged, animals underwent several physiotherapy sessions, slings were used to mantain recumbent patients in a standing position and supportive therapy consisted of fluid therapy and oral supplementation. Animals remained hospitalizedfor approximately 40 days. Pacients experienced temporary improvement during treatment, and would walk with an uncoordinated gait. The clinical picture worsened after treatment was discontinued, necessitating euthanasia. At necropsy, gross lesions were similar in both animals. In case 1, the trapezius was firm and pale and had multiple granulomas whichextended into the cervical vertebral column at C3-C4 and invaded the spinal canal compressing the spinal cord. In case 2, there was extensive damage to the trapezius by granulomatous inflammation; numerous nodular granulomas exuded milky contents. These lesions extended deep into the muscle fibers and infiltrated the vertebral column at C5-C6, with involvement of the medullary canal and spinal cord compression. Microscopically there was severe, diffuse pyogranulomatous myositis. Each pyogranuloma had a central clear space. Nodal architecture was effaced by these inflammatory nodules.Discussion: Some drugs and vaccines contain irritating adjuvants and induce granuloma formation at the inoculation site. In both cattle, vaccines were injected intramuscularly in the cranial third of the neck in close proximity to the cervical vertebrae and surrounding tissues. These vaccines possibly induced an exuberant inflammatory reaction at the inoculationsite. An exacerbated inflammatory response following the administration of adjuvanted vaccines by improperly trained personnel caused substantial tissue damage at the injection site. Severe, locally extensive lesions were found at necropsy affecting adjacent structures including skeletal muscles and spinal cord. The clinical signs of ataxia and forelimb paresis thatprogressed to tetraparesis were due to the marked pyogranulomatous inflammation in C3-C4 in case 1 and in C5-C6 in case 2. The present study reinforces the importance of good farming practices and properly trained personnel working at farms.Keywords: bovine, vaccine, infection site, granuloma, iatrogenic.

scholarly journals Carcinoma with Vertebral Column Metastasis in Two Dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Grima De Cristo ◽  
Laura Formighieri De Noronha ◽  
Giovana Biezus ◽  
Cinthya Dos Santos Cerqueira ◽  
Natália Coelho Couto de Azevedo Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
High Power ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss ◽  
Pelvic Limb

Background: Carcinomas are aggressive and invasive malignancies that originate from any type of epithelial cell and are responsible for many deaths in dogs. Carcinoma metastases occur primarily via the lymphatic route; however, they can occur by blood flow, thus reaching bone structures. In dogs, metastasis of mammary and squamous cell carcinomas to the skeletal system is poorly described. The aim of this study was to report two cases of dogs that developed metastases of carcinomas to the vertebral column.Cases: Case 1. A 10 years-old, male, mixed-breed dog with paralysis of the left pelvic limb, subcutaneous mass in the lumbar region, apathy, anorexia and progressive weight loss and with a previous history of amputation of the right pelvic limb resulting from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the integument of the cranial face of the femorotibiopatellar joint. Due to the patient's clinical condition and the negative prognosis associated with the neoplasia, euthanasia was performed. At necropsy, infiltrating the lumbar vertebrae from L5 to L7, a whitish and firm mass of approximately 15 x 8 cm was observed. Histologically, it comprised a malignant epithelial neoplastic development consisting of nests and cords interspersed with fibrovascular stroma, containing multiple keratine pearls. There was moderate to severe anisocytosis, severe anisokariosis, and about 4 mitosis figures for every 10 high power fields (400x). The histological features were consistent with an invasive SCC. Anti-cytokeratin and anti-p63 immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluations were performed, both with immunoreactivity in neoplastic cells. Case 2. An 8 years-old, female, Chihuahua with bilateral paralysis of the pelvic limbs, anorexia, and progressive weight loss, with a history of excision of solid mammary carcinoma. The clinical condition evolved to the absence of deep pain in all limbs and fecal and urinary retention, opting for euthanasia. At necropsy, a nodule between T3 and T4 was observed, yellowish-white and firm, measuring about 5 x 3.8 cm, invading the spinal canal, and compressing the spinal cord. Histologically, it comprised malignant epithelial neoplasia infiltrating intervertebral ligaments, musculature, and vertebrae of the thoracic spine, organized in a dense mantle of polygonal to rounded cells, delimited in lobes by abundant fibrovascular tissue. Moderate anisokaryosis and accentuated anisocytosis were observed and about 6 mitosis figures for every 10 high power fields (400x). The histological characteristics of the tumor were compatible with metastasis due to grade II solid mammary carcinoma. Immunohistochemical evaluations of anti-cytokeratin, anti-c-erbB2, and anti-estrogen and progesterone receptors were performed, with immunoreactivity for cytokeratin and c-erbB2 in neoplastic cells.Discussion: There are no current data indicating which tumors that metastasize most frequently to the vertebral column. In the reported cases, it was found that the clinical signs presented by the animals are directly associated with the compression of specific areas of the spinal cord, as well as bone pain, resulting from tumor expansion and degeneration of the bone matrix, similar to what has been reported previously. The immunohistochemical diagnosis of anti-p63 in case 1 and anti-oncoprotein C-erbB2 in case 2, were essential to determine the neoplastic origin in the absence of the primary tumor. Despite being a place of low incidence of metastases, bones have a physiologically favorable environment for the implantation of neoplastic cells, especially when there is bone marrow involvement. Because of this and despite the rare occurrence, metastasis of carcinomas to the vertebral column should always be considered as differential diagnoses in patients presenting with clinical signs compatible with spinal cord compression and a history of previous neoplasia.

Atlantoaxial epidural abscess secondary to grass awn migration in a dog

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Geissbühler ◽  
P. Karli ◽  
F. Forterre ◽  
E. Linon
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Epidural Abscess ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Grass Awn

SummaryA two-year-old female Lucerne Hound was presented with a one-week history of signs of progressive neck pain, inappetence, apathy, and an elevated rectal temperature. Findings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were consistent with a foreign body abscess in the epidural space at the level of the first and second cervical vertebrae. A leftsided dorso-lateral atlantoaxial approach was performed, revealing an epidural abscess containing a grass awn. The clinical signs resolved within three days of surgery and the dog made a full recovery. This case report shows that grass awns can migrate to the atlantoaxial region in dogs and MRI findings lead to a suspicion of caudo-cranial migration within the spinal canal.

Computed tomographic characterisation of vertebral osteomyelitis in a goat kid

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001015
Author(s):  
Nicole Marie Szafranski ◽  
Aude Castel ◽  
Adrien-Maxence Hespel ◽  
Vincent Dore
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Vertebral Osteomyelitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Digital Radiographs ◽  
Microbiological Testing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vertebral Bodies

A one-month-old male goat kid presented with a three weeks’ history of progressive neurological deficits and progressive tetraparesis. Initial therapeutic strategy with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and selenium supplementation only partly relieved clinical signs. Digital radiographs were performed antemortem and revealed a pathological fracture of the vertebral column. A CT scan was performed immediately postmortem. The imaging revealed lysis of the vertebral bodies of T8, T9, T12 and T13 and focal narrowing of the vertebral canal consistent with infectious osteomyelitis of the thoracic vertebral column. Histopathological examination and microbiological testing confirmed a multifocal discospondylitis and vertebral osteomyelitis of mixed bacterial origin.

scholarly journals Atlanto-occipital Approach for Cervical Myelography in Horse with Spinal Cord Compression

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Cosmin PEŞTEAN ◽  
Liviu OANA ◽  
Cristian CRECAN ◽  
Alexandra MUREŞAN ◽  
Robert PURDOIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Head Positions ◽  
Lateral Recumbency

The aim of this study was to establish a specific interdisciplinary protocol for evaluation of horses with spinal cord compression. A filly was presented with signs of ataxia at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. After neurological examination the presumptive diagnostic was spinal cord compression. Under general anesthesia, the patient was placed for radiological examination in lateral recumbency with head elevated. After antisepsia of cervical region, a Tuohy needle was inserted in atlanto-occipital space and contrast substance was administrated. Radiographic images of the cervical vertebral column were obtained in the neutral, flexed, and extended head positions. The anesthesia protocol was effective, the needle was placed safely in the subarachnoid space and the contrast substance flowed caudally. The obtained radiographic images confirmed spinal cord compressions at the level of cervical vertebrae C3, C4, C5. This working protocol was effective to obtain radiographical images with contrast substance in horses with neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Clinical, MRI, and histopathological findings of congenital focal diplomyelia at the level of L4 in a female crossbred calf

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerlinde J. Wunderink ◽  
Ursula E. A. Bergwerff ◽  
Victoria R. Vos ◽  
Mark W. Delany ◽  
Dorien S. Willems ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Spinal Reflexes ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Fourth Lumbar Vertebra

Abstract Background This case report describes the clinical signs of a calf with focal diplomyelia at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and histological findings of the affected spinal cord are included in this case report. This case differs from previously reported cases in terms of localization and minimal extent of the congenital anomaly, clinical symptoms and findings during further examinations. Case presentation The calf was presented to the Farm Animal Health clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, with an abnormal, stiff, ‘bunny-hop’ gait of the pelvic limbs. Prominent clinical findings included general proprioceptive ataxia with paraparesis, pathological spinal reflexes of the pelvic limbs and pollakiuria. MRI revealed a focal dilated central canal, and mid-sagittal T2 hyperintense band in the dorsal part of the spinal cord at the level of the third to fourth lumbar vertebra. By means of histology, the calf was diagnosed with focal diplomyelia at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra, a rare congenital malformation of the spinal cord. The calf tested positive for Schmallenberg virus antibodies, however this is not considered to be part of the pathogenesis of the diplomyelia. Conclusions This case report adds value to future clinical practice, as it provides a clear description of focal diplomyelia as a previously unreported lesion and details its diagnosis using advanced imaging and histology. This type of lesion should be included in the differential diagnoses when a calf is presented with a general proprioceptive ataxia of the hind limbs. In particular, a ‘bunny-hop’ gait of the pelvic limbs is thought to be a specific clinical symptom of diplomyelia. This case report is of clinical and scientific importance as it demonstrates the possibility of a focal microscopic diplomyelia, which would not be evident by gross examination alone, as a cause of hind-limb ataxia. The aetiology of diplomyelia in calves remains unclear.

scholarly journals Primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis in a domestic shorthaired cat

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Whitney M. Zoll ◽  
Andrew D. Miller ◽  
Carston Bandt ◽  
Jeffrey R. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intervertebral Disk ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Leptomeningeal Gliomatosis ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽  
History Of ◽  
Homogeneous Matrix ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Gross Examination

A 15-y-old neutered male domestic shorthaired cat was presented with a 16-d history of hindlimb paralysis in conjunction with 1-wk duration of inappetence and lethargy. Given intractable clinical signs, development of seizures, and poor prognosis, euthanasia was elected. Gross examination revealed mild, chronic, multifocal intervertebral disk disease; however, no gross abnormalities were noted in the spinal cord. Histologic examination of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal cord and the myelencephalon revealed diffuse and variable expansion of the meninges by sheets of neoplastic round-to-polygonal cells. The cells formed sheets and clusters, supported by a variably eosinophilic, fibrillar-to-basophilic, homogeneous matrix, and contained a small amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm. The nuclei were round with finely stippled to hyperchromatic chromatin and 1–2 small nucleoli. Mild white matter degeneration was present in the dorsal and ventral funiculi multifocally throughout the spinal cord, but was most severe in the ventral lumbar sections. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong intranuclear immunoreactivity for Olig2, and intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein, MAP2, and vimentin in the neoplastic glial cells. To our knowledge, primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis has not been reported previously in a cat.

scholarly journals Acute Transverse Myelopathy in Children

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coleen Adams ◽  
Derek Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sensory Level ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Minor Trauma ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Prognostic Features ◽  
Transverse Myelopathy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

ABSTRACT:Twenty-three children with acute transverse myelopathy (ATM) are reviewed. Antecedent minor trauma or exercise was reported in 10 patients. Despite a positive history in 7 patients no preceding infection was documented. Two patients had a history of less severe ATM followed by recovery prior to a second more severe episode. The most common initial symptom was back pain and the most prominent clinical signs were weakness, sensory level and sphincter disturbances. Myelography and CT myelography at presentation was performed to exclude a compressive lesion. Spinal cord enlargement was demonstrated in 6 of 21 cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spinal cord, performed in one patient, showed enlargement of the cord. Poor prognostic features were severity of weakness at the time of maximum deficit and a delayed onset of recovery. Maximum motor recovery occurred at a mean of 6½ months but did not occur in one patient until 1½ years. Normal or good outcome was obtained in 64%.

Multiple Cervical Vertebral Malformations in a 21-Week-Old Kitten

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 256-260
Author(s):  
Barnaby Luke Dean ◽  
Caroline Smith ◽  
Francois-Xavier Liebel ◽  
Christopher Warren-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Neurologic Examination ◽  
First Report ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT A 21 wk old, 2 kg neutered male domestic shorthair presented with a 24 hr history of acute-onset severe nonambulatory tetraparesis with no known inciting cause. Neurologic examination revealed a C1–C5 myelopathy. Computed tomography of the vertebral column and thorax revealed incomplete ossification of the C2 and C3 vertebrae and lung bullae. After 4 wk of conservative management, the client reported a return to normal ambulation with reluctance to jump up. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a feline case of incomplete ossification of cervical vertebrae. The cervical malformations outlined in this report are differentials to consider in cases of acute-onset tetraparesis in cats.

Clinical, MRI and histopathological findings in a dog with distemper meningomyelitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e001173
Author(s):  
Alessandra Destri ◽  
Lluís Sánchez ◽  
Jennifer Stewart ◽  
Ruth Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
German Shepherd Dog ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clinical Mri ◽  
Severe Fever

A 14-month-old female entire German Shepherd dog presented with a five-day history of acute onset, progressive, non-ambulatory paraparesis, with lateralisation to the right. The neurolocalisation was to the L4-S1 spinal cord segments. MRI of the thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cord revealed multifocal, ill-defined, T2-weighted hyperintense, intramedullary lesions, which were moderately contrast-enhancing, becoming more defined and ovoid to nodular after injection of gadolinium-containing contrast medium. The lesions affected both white and grey matter and were lateralised mainly to the right side. PCR tests on blood and cerebrospinal fluid were positive for canine distemper virus (CDV). Despite intensive treatment, the dog developed myoclonus and severe fever and was humanely euthanased. Postmortem examination confirmed the presence of spinal cord lesions consistent with CDV. Distemper rarely presents with clinical signs of myelopathy exclusively and there is a scarcity of description of MRI findings of distemper meningomyelitis in the literature.

scholarly journals The first rare and fatal case of invasive aspergillosis of spinal cord due to Aspergillus nidulans in an Iranian child with chronic granulomatosis disease: review of literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahin Tavakoli ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Hedayati ◽  
Hossein Mirhendi ◽  
Sadegh Nouripour-Sisakht ◽  
Newsha Hedayati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Invasive Aspergillosis ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
One Year

Background and Purpose: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) of the central nervous system (CNS) is a devastating complication which is rarely reported in immunocompromised children.In this case presentation, we reported a rare and fatal IA with spinal cord involvement in a 10-year-old child with X-linked chronic granulomatosis disease (CGD). Case report: The child had a previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis. A cervical spine X-ray revealed the involvement of cervical vertebrae (T4/T5) and ribs causing spinal cord compression and epidural abscess. The patient underwent a decompressive laminectomy and mass removal. The histopathology and culture results suggested IA. Despite the aggressive and prolonged therapy, he died within one year. Aspergillus nidulans was identified as the causative agent based on morphological and molecular studies. Conclusion: This synopsis represents the aggressive behavior of infection caused by A. nidulans in the CGD patient.

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