scholarly journals THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR 3: CLASS, GEOPOLITICS AND HEGEMONY IN THE 21ST CENTURY – A RE-READING OF ARRIGHI, THROUGH MCDERMOTT, SCHUMPETER AND VEBLEN

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Colatrella
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Current System ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
World War ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Current Configuration ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Economic Bloc

This article investigates some of the reasons behind the events that led to a recent shift in international relations towards the global geopolitical and a renewed competition between the great powers. The aim is to point out important ideas of authors and put them to dialogue between each other. It calls attention to the possibility of an alternative political and economic bloc being built around China against a decline of US power. These points are deepened when it is identified other key features of the current system that involves the discussion about classes. The current configuration of class alliances and states involves the complex dynamics of the working classes in the Global South, the use of debt as a means of domination by the economic and financial world, as well as the new professional middle class - that give values to knowledge, technology and democracy. It is these relationships and their interface with the existing political power that permeate the revival of the global geopolitics, influencing not only current events, but also any possibility of thinking an alternative for governance and international framework - or even the failure of this and a consequent and possible new conflict worldwide.

scholarly journals GERMANY THROUGH THE PRISM OF RUSSIAN PROPAGANDA POSTCARDS FROM WORLD WAR I

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3/2) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
E. V. MIRONOVA
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Front Side ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Image Creation ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Visual Materials ◽  
The Great War

Our perception of the world and current events is formed through  diverse and often contradictory sources. It is always amended and  augmented throughout the unceasing process of information  consumption. Since the beginning of the XX century this process has  been more and more governed by images. That is why the  great powers drawn in the Great War were actively using visual  materials for propaganda purposes: to steer their people towards  confrontation and to create “the image of the enemy”. The issue “construction of an enemy” does not lose its relevance due to  the fact that today’s media wars propaganda principles and  techniques are still the same as they were one hundred years ago.  The article describes the milestones of the enemy image creation  and gives a thorough analysis of Russian propaganda postcards from the World War I in order to outline the key features of German  enemy figure. The emphasis is made on the idea that the image of  Germany is ambivalent: the country and its citizens were pictured  differently. The postcards serve as sources of the current study since they were one of the main means of communication during the war  time and one of the most effective propaganda tools: people used to  distribute the postcards themselves, thus creating an emotional  bond between the recipient and the image on the front side. The  novelty of the research is attributable to the fact that this issue has  not been considered through the prism of historical imagology. 

GERMANY’S IMAGE IN THE RUSSIAN PROPAGANDA POSTCARDS FROM THE WORLD WAR I

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta V. Mironova
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Front Side ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Image Creation ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Visual Materials ◽  
The Great War

Our perception of the world and current events is formed through diverse and often contradictory sources. It is always amended und augmented throughout the unceasing process of information consumption. Since the beginning of the XXth century this process has been more and more governed by images. That is why the great powers drawn in the Great War were actively using visual materials for propaganda purposes: to steer their people towards confrontation and to create “the image of the enemy”. The issue “construction of an enemy” does not lose its relevance due to the fact that today’s media wars propaganda principles and techniques are still the same as they were one hundred years ago. The article describes the milestones of the enemy image creation and gives a thorough analysis of Russian propaganda postcards from the World War I in order to outline the key features of German enemy figure. The emphasis is made on the idea that the image of Germany is ambivalent: the country and its citizens were pictured differently. The postcards serve as sources of the current study since they were one of the main means of communication during the war time and one of the most effective propaganda tools: people used to distribute the postcards themselves, thus creating an emotional bond between the recipient and the image on the front side. The novelty of the research is attributable to the fact that this issue has not been considered through the prism of historical imagology.

scholarly journals NERINT STRATEGIC ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Rianhez ◽  
José Miguel Quedi Martins
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Strategic Analysis ◽  
International Studies ◽  
World War ◽  
Graduate Courses ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Near Abroad ◽  
Academic Personnel ◽  
Training Effort

The acceleration of pace of international events and processesrequires a qualified analysis without the political-journalistic bias that often characterizes them. Thus, in addition to theoretical-analytical articles, we consider it necessary to publish a brief evaluation of important current events. To this end, the Brazilian Center for Strategy and International Relations (NERINT), member of the Center for International Studies on Government (CEGOV-UFRGS), launched the NERINT Strategic Analysis series, with the contribution of its specialized researchers and guests with thematic expertise.It will be published at the end of each volume of Austral: BrazilianJournal of Strategy and International Relations, starting with an assessment of Post-Trump Diplomacy, conflicts in Russia’s “near abroad” and the Strategic Lessons of World War II on its 75th anniversary. Since the 1990s, Itamaraty has been promoting the formation of qualified national academic personnel on themes and countries relevant to Brazilian diplomacy, business and defense. This training effort, through the promotion and funding of graduate courses, is paying off, and Brazil already has professors and researchers at an international level.

scholarly journals Anarchy Is What Explains the History of International Relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
William C. Wohlforth
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Political Realism ◽  
World War ◽  
National Interests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Antecedents ◽  
The Great War

The article examines the major events of the two previous centuries of international relations through main concepts of political realism. The author argues that in order to understand the present dilemmas and challenges of international politics, we need to know the past. Every current major global problem has historical antecedents. History from the late 19th century constitutes the empirical foundation of much theoretical scholarship on international politics. The breakdown of the Concert of Europe and the outbreak of the devastating global conflagration of World War I are the events that sparked the modern study of international relations. The great war of 1914 to 1918 underlined the tragic wastefulness of the institution of war. It caused scholars to confront one of the most enduring puzzles of the study of international relations, why humans continue to resort to this self-destructive method of conflict resolution? The article shows that the main explanation is the anarchical system of international relations. It produces security dilemma, incentives to free ride and uncertainty of intentions among great powers making war a rational tool to secure their national interests.

scholarly journals The Munich Crisis and Collapse of the Versailles System on the Eve of World War II

1970 ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
V. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
European Politics ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Balance Of Forces ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Western Democracies

The article examines the development of the crisis manifestations of the Versailles system on the eve of World War II. Special attention is paid to how and under what circumstances the preparation and signing of the Munich Agreement took place. It is noted that the emergence of Nazi Germany’s European politics at the forefront undoubtedly stimulated a whole range of interstate contradictions. This led to a decrease in the stability of the Versailles system. The manifestations of the reaction of the great powers to the aggressive policy of Berlin are analyzed and attention is focused on the fact that the policy of appeasement was erroneous and led to the aggravation of the Versailles system crisis in the late 30s XX century. This study emphasizes that as a result of the policy of appeasement, the balance of forces on the continent changes dramatically, and the signing of the Munich Agreement in September 1938 was decisive in the development of the Versailles system crisis and determined the beginning of the collapse of this model of international relations. It was stated that the Western democracies did not understand the essence of dictatorial regimes, and such a misunderstanding led not only to the collapse of the international system, but also to the beginning of the World War II

scholarly journals Rising Nationalism in the Balkans

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Fejzi LILA
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
World War ◽  
Demographic Diversity ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The First World War ◽  
New States ◽  
First World

Balkans consists of the geographic and demographic diversity of the complex, with division of the region into new states, with local antagonisms. Balkan leaders, the Great Powers would urge the expansion of national states where and when he wanted interest and would not ignore claims it was one nation over another. The process of developing the nationalist movements and the state - forming in the Balkans, starting with the Patriarchies autonomous movements within the Ottoman Empire, involves the movement of Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians, Romanians and Albanians. The fall of Bonaparte in 1815, was accompanied by significant changes in Europe in the system of international relations, the diplomacy of the Great Powers. Europe was thrown into the system the concert of Europe, after that of Vienna, while the Ottoman Empire was beginning its stagnation, other European powers had begun to feel the threat of Russia's interests in the Middle East. During this period of time the nationalist movement took place in the region. The nationalism confronted Concert of Vienna principles provoking the First World War.

Indicators of Cross-National and International Patterns

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Rummel
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International System ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
World War ◽  
World Government ◽  
World Citizenship ◽  
Current Events

Substantive foci in the study of international relations have altered in time with changes in the international system and the coming of academic age of new generations of scholars. Prior to World War I, the central substantive concepts were international law and diplomacy. Historiography was the major method, and, given the nature of the historical approach during this period, few theoretical generalizations emerged.World War I revolutionized the study of international relations. The horrible consequences of this first modern war and the idealistic fervor of the war years were instrumental in overlaying the traditional concepts of international law and diplomacy with two new foci: current events and international organizations. Feeling that the citizen should be made aware of the international world—educated for world citizenship—and that he should be given the guidance that the diplomatic history and international law specialist did not provide, many international relations scholars began to accent contemporary affairs. This new interest, however, had no methodological underpinning except fidelity to the “facts,” and involved few attempts to delineate recurring patterns of events. The “guidance” given to the student often turned out to be little more than special pleading.The focus on international organizations also reflected an internationalistic viewpoint. International organizations were conceived of as the structural beginning of world government and as a mechanism for international understanding and peace. This focus articulated itself in descriptive studies of the structure and rules of international organizations, past and present, and blueprints for their alteration.

Major powers and geopolitical transformations in the Middle East: competing visions for managing international and regional balances

2019 ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Marwan Awni Kamil
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
New Realism ◽  
Major Powers

This study attempts to give a description and analysis derived from the new realism school in the international relations of the visions of the great powers of the geopolitical changes witnessed in the Middle East after 2011 and the corresponding effects at the level of the international system. It also examines the alliances of the major powers in the region and its policies, with a fixed and variable statement to produce a reading that is based on a certain degree of comprehensiveness and objectivity.

The Rise and Fall of Great Powers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Lundestad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
The West ◽  
Economic Modernization

There are no laws in history. Realists, liberals, and others are both right and wrong. Although no one can be certain that military incidents may not happen, for the foreseeable future China and the United States are unlikely to favor major war. They have cooperated well for almost four decades now. China is likely to continue to focus on its economic modernization. It has far to go to measure up to the West. The American-Chinese economies are still complementary. A conflict with the United States or even with China’s neighbors would have damaging repercussions for China’s economic goals. The United States is so strong that it would make little sense for China to take it on militarily. There are also other deterrents against war, from nuclear weapons to emerging norms about international relations. It is anybody’s guess what will happen after the next few decades. History indicates anything is possible.

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