scholarly journals DO ACORDO GERAL DE PAZ (1992) ÀS ELEIÇÕES GERAIS EM 1994: O PROCESSO DE PAZ CONDUZIDO EM MOÇAMBIQUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anselmo De Oliveira Rodrigues ◽  
Eduardo Xavier Ferreira Glaser Migon
Keyword(s):  
International System ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

The purpose of this article is to understand the peace process in Mozambique, as well as to identify the main events that occurred in the world, which were reflected in the respective peace process. Therefore, this article is structured this way: initially, the theme is set out, highlighting some relevant geographical and historical characteristics of Mozambique. In the second section the methodology is defined, in the same way that the limits of this investigation are informed. The third section revisits the process of historical evolution that took place in Mozambique between century 8th and the years of 1992, and discussing it in five subperiods. The fourth section analyzes the participation of the UN in Mozambique between 1992 and 1994. And in the last section, the main facts of the international system are verified that positively and negatively reflected in the peace process conducted in Mozambique.

Journalistic objectivity and The Daily Show with Jon Stewart

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Harris Parker
Keyword(s):  
National Identities ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Daily Show ◽  
Daily Show ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

The press is a constitutive part of our society. It helps create national identities and formulates society's understanding of itself and its place in the world. Moreover, a free press is indispensable for ensuring the vibrancy of a democracy. For these reasons, a close inspection of news, and an evaluation of its performance, is crucial. We must look to the development of the mass press at the turn of the twentieth century to locate the beginnings of journalistic objectivity and the type of news we are familiar with today. The first section of this paper offers a review of accounts of this transformational period, placing opposing theories within the larger framework of the frictions between cultural studies and political economy, and underscores the need for a holistic understanding of the period. The second section chronicles the press's articulation of its new professional tenets, offers a definition of journalistic objectivity, and reveals its intrinsic limitations. The third section details how the modern press's ideal democratic mandate has been compromised, with the influence of the press being used instead to ensconce powerful interests. And the fourth section outlines the calls for a redefinition of journalism in light of the failures covered in the preceding section. Finally, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart is offered as an alternative journalistic form that transcends the dangerous dogma of traditional news outlets, allowing it to fulfill the democratic responsibility of the press by encouraging a critical and astute citizenry.

scholarly journals Human Being and Lifeworld: From Ontology to Phenomenology

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Leontyev
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Conceptual Connection ◽  
The World ◽  
Human World ◽  
Key Aspects

The paper is focused on one of the key aspects of Fyodor Vasilyuk’s contribution to the elabora¬tion of methodological foundations of psychology, namely, on the construct of lifeworld and ‘lifeworld ontology’ as a metatheoretical framework for the understanding of human life and activity in the world. The paper is subdivided into four sections. The first one gives the justification of Vasilyuk’s approach in terms of ‘lifeworld ontology’, reveals its conceptual connection with the ideas of A.N. Leontiev and S.L. Rubinstein. The second one is dedicated to the concept of lifeworld, its association with specifically human ways of existing in the world, its distinction from the environment and the idea of multiple hu¬man worlds. In the third section, the author reveals, basing on the conceptions of L. Binswanger, E. van Deurtzen and C. Popper, the multidimensional structure of human lifeworld and discusses the mutuality of human-world relationships. In the fourth section. a typology of lifeworlds is offered, based on three core criteria: past/present/future ratio, individual/society relationship, and factual/due/possible ratio as value orientations.

Entry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Leading Role

This chapter analyses the major developments during AMISOM’s first two years before the withdrawal of the Ethiopian troops from Mogadishu. The first section discusses the initial deployment challenges facing AMISOM and the problems presented by operating in Ethiopia’s shadow. The second section explains Burundi’s arrival as AMISOM’s second troop-contributing country, while the third analyses some of the ways in which AMISOM came to be seen by many local Somalis as a proxy force for nefarious foreign agendas. The fourth section then discusses the 2008 Djibouti peace process as the route by which Ethiopia managed to withdraw its forces. The fifth section discusses the opportunities and challenges presented by the withdrawal of Ethiopian forces in January 2009, while the final section examines what this meant for AMISOM being left alone to take on the leading role of protecting Somalia’s transitional government from al-Shabaab.

Getting Religion Right in Civil Wars

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200272199789
Author(s):  
Monica Duffy Toft
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
World Today ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
The World

Surveying civil war in the world today is striking in terms of how often religious cleavages and grievances have become central to armed conflict. How are the causes and outcomes of religious civil wars different than other civil wars, if at all? Is Islam implicated for the contemporary surge in religious civil war? The first section reviews the literature and addresses the importance of religion for civil war. I then introduce a dataset and describe key trends in religious civil war in the third section, while in the fourth section I present tests of whether Muslim or Arab Muslim societies in particular are more prone to religious strife. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the main findings.

scholarly journals IS RELIGION INHERENTLY VIOLENT? RELIGION AS A THREAT AND PROMISE FOR THE GLOBAL SECURITY

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-314
Author(s):  
Natalia Vlas
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
International System ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

The paper tackled the extremely hot relationship between religion and security and argued that religion is both a threat and a promise for global security. Methodologically, the paper falls within the area of conceptual analysis. By making use of both inductive and deductive reasoning, it tried to find answers to the following questions: Is religion inherently violent? and What are the prospects that religion might contribute rather to peace and stability than to conflict and destruction within the international system? The paper comprised four sections. The first one outlined the background of the discussion, emphasizing that the world is facing a worldwide resurgence of religion, and tried to assess the meaning of the politicization of religion for the global security. The second section comprised a few reflections on the nexus between religion and violence, attempting to prove that no religion is inherently violent or inherently peaceful, as many would assume. The third part explored the positive nexus between religion and security and the last part comprised the conclusions and some recommendations meant to improve the ability of International Relations practitioners and policy-makers to make religion part of the solution to the global security dilemmas, instead of treating it exclusively as part of the problem

Motherhood and the contradictions of feminism: Appraising claims towards emancipation in the perspective of surrogacy

2020 ◽  
pp. 001139212096491
Author(s):  
Consuelo Corradi
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Women's Movements ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Grassroots Level

This article aims to explore some of the fundamental notions that connect the narrative of feminist emancipation to the experience of motherhood. It elucidates any inherent contradictions, appraises their implications for motherhood and assesses their respective salience today for feminist thought. It does so, in particular, by setting motherhood in a wider context where contradictions to feminist theory surface clearly: namely, through dialogues from empirical findings in contemporary motherhood studies and in the context of surrogacy and artificial reproductive technologies (ARTs). Ostensibly, one of the prominent tenets of classic feminism has been its disparaging view of motherhood as being the bastion of women’s subordination in a patriarchal society – the corollary being that the emancipation of women could happen only through opposition to or, at best, despite motherhood. The first two sections of the article present classic concepts related to domestic life and motherhood that lambast institutions of male domination, still highly influential in shaping discussions of women’s movements around the world. The third section focuses on feminism’s controversy over the practice of surrogacy and contends that the epistemological distinction between giving birth and mothering posited by feminism actually legitimizes ARTs’ continuing transformation of women’s bodies into ‘open access flesh’. This is the terrain on which today technology, not patriarchy, is erected. The fourth section surveys a range of vibrant, recent motherhood studies and reclaims the empowering capacity of motherhood at grassroots level, with wider implications. The conclusion raises the issue of ‘mothering as empowerment’ as a missing piece in the broader landscape of feminist theory, particularly in light of findings that there is a significant concurrence of values and practices characterizing how women with children self-define themselves, as both moral and social agents.

Civil Society against Corruption

2021 ◽  
pp. 289-308
Author(s):  
Donatella della Porta ◽  
Alice Mattoni
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The World

In the last decades, several types of civil society actors have mobilized against corruption all over the world, at the transnational, national, and local level. The chapter discusses these anticorruption efforts in order to understand their main features, challenges, and potential future developments. The chapter is structured as follows: after a general introduction, the first section reflects on how literature on corruption has dealt with civil society actors. The second section examines the types of actors that engage in collective action, the types of collective action that they employ, and the types of frames that they use to interpret the present situation and to imagine future societies. The third section illustrates some of the key conditions for the development of anticorruption efforts from the grassroots. The fourth section discusses the consequences of civil society’s efforts against corruption. Conclusions focus on future lines of investigation on the struggle of civil society against corruption.

Peaceful Change after the World Wars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Marcus Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Colonial Legacies

This chapter traces the travelogue—and marginalization in particular—of peaceful change in International Relations (IR) after the world wars. It argues that its marginalization is explained not (only) by its intellectual merits but also by political, institutional, and material changes that were unfavorable to the peaceful change agenda. The first section outlines how the changing geopolitical context, bipolarity and nuclear weapons, meant that the overarching concern of great powers was to stabilize and consolidate, not change, the order. The second section argues that the conflation of peaceful change with an appeasement policy and the 1938 Munich Agreement contributed to political and intellectual stigma in the postwar era. The third section argues that decolonization changed the articulation of the problem: where interwar articulations were primarily concerned with peaceful change through colonial redistribution, in effect to maintain European peace and supremacy, some postwar articulations used it in the anticolonial struggle to argue for revision of the imperial and colonial legacies of international law. The fourth section turns toward institutional changes, pointing to the demise of the interdisciplinary International Studies Conference (ISC) along with the postwar disciplinarization of IR within political science, which excluded much of the international law discourse that had earlier informed peaceful change. The fifth section argues that intellectual developments, notably the postwar stigma on interwar IR as “idealist,” contributed to the marginalization of some versions of peaceful change, while realist and neorealist versions survived. The final two sections trace two such ostensibly “idealist” lineages: peaceful change in international law and in (neo)functionalist IR.

scholarly journals Antecedentes históricos de la previsión social

2009 ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Quesada Sánchez ◽  
José Antonio Rojas Tercero
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Financial Variables ◽  
The Third ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

El presente trabajo tiene tres partes claramente diferenciadas. En la primera de ellas, se contempla la evolución histórica del seguro hasta nuestros días. La segunda parte recoge el surgimiento del régimen de previsión social obligatoria, su nacimiento en el siglo XVII en el reino Unido, su evolución en Europa y en algunos países del resto del mundo. Existen dos corrientes del sistema de previsión social: Atlántico o universalista y el continental o individualista. La tercera parte se centra en el surgimiento de la Seguridad Social en España y la aparición del sistema de previsión social complementaria o Planes y Fondos de pensiones, haciendo especial reseña a su incidencia en variables biométricas, actuariales, sociales y financieras.<br /><br />The present paper is clearly divided in three main differentiated parts. The first one deals with the historical evolution of insurance up to the present times. The second part is about the appearance of the compulsory social security, its birth in the United Kingdom in 17th Century, its evolution in Europe and in some other countries of the world. There are two streams for the social security system: The Atlantic or universal and the continental or individualist. The third part is focused on the appearance of the health service in Spain and the appearance of a complementary social security system or pension funds and it emphasizes their impact on biometric, actuarial, social and financial variables

scholarly journals Journalistic objectivity and The Daily Show with Jon Stewart

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Harris Parker
Keyword(s):  
National Identities ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Daily Show ◽  
Daily Show ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

The press is a constitutive part of our society. It helps create national identities and formulates society's understanding of itself and its place in the world. Moreover, a free press is indispensable for ensuring the vibrancy of a democracy. For these reasons, a close inspection of news, and an evaluation of its performance, is crucial. We must look to the development of the mass press at the turn of the twentieth century to locate the beginnings of journalistic objectivity and the type of news we are familiar with today. The first section of this paper offers a review of accounts of this transformational period, placing opposing theories within the larger framework of the frictions between cultural studies and political economy, and underscores the need for a holistic understanding of the period. The second section chronicles the press's articulation of its new professional tenets, offers a definition of journalistic objectivity, and reveals its intrinsic limitations. The third section details how the modern press's ideal democratic mandate has been compromised, with the influence of the press being used instead to ensconce powerful interests. And the fourth section outlines the calls for a redefinition of journalism in light of the failures covered in the preceding section. Finally, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart is offered as an alternative journalistic form that transcends the dangerous dogma of traditional news outlets, allowing it to fulfill the democratic responsibility of the press by encouraging a critical and astute citizenry.

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