Civil Society against Corruption

2021 ◽  
pp. 289-308
Author(s):  
Donatella della Porta ◽  
Alice Mattoni
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The World

In the last decades, several types of civil society actors have mobilized against corruption all over the world, at the transnational, national, and local level. The chapter discusses these anticorruption efforts in order to understand their main features, challenges, and potential future developments. The chapter is structured as follows: after a general introduction, the first section reflects on how literature on corruption has dealt with civil society actors. The second section examines the types of actors that engage in collective action, the types of collective action that they employ, and the types of frames that they use to interpret the present situation and to imagine future societies. The third section illustrates some of the key conditions for the development of anticorruption efforts from the grassroots. The fourth section discusses the consequences of civil society’s efforts against corruption. Conclusions focus on future lines of investigation on the struggle of civil society against corruption.

Journalistic objectivity and The Daily Show with Jon Stewart

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Harris Parker
Keyword(s):  
National Identities ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Daily Show ◽  
Daily Show ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

The press is a constitutive part of our society. It helps create national identities and formulates society's understanding of itself and its place in the world. Moreover, a free press is indispensable for ensuring the vibrancy of a democracy. For these reasons, a close inspection of news, and an evaluation of its performance, is crucial. We must look to the development of the mass press at the turn of the twentieth century to locate the beginnings of journalistic objectivity and the type of news we are familiar with today. The first section of this paper offers a review of accounts of this transformational period, placing opposing theories within the larger framework of the frictions between cultural studies and political economy, and underscores the need for a holistic understanding of the period. The second section chronicles the press's articulation of its new professional tenets, offers a definition of journalistic objectivity, and reveals its intrinsic limitations. The third section details how the modern press's ideal democratic mandate has been compromised, with the influence of the press being used instead to ensconce powerful interests. And the fourth section outlines the calls for a redefinition of journalism in light of the failures covered in the preceding section. Finally, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart is offered as an alternative journalistic form that transcends the dangerous dogma of traditional news outlets, allowing it to fulfill the democratic responsibility of the press by encouraging a critical and astute citizenry.

scholarly journals Pendidikan Sosial Sesuai Hadits Rosul SAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suluri Suluri
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Third ◽  
Road Users ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

This paper examines various social problems in society often occur. In interacting with the community, like it or not, like it or not, intentionally or unintentionally it often happens that the offense and hurt hurt. The Prophet Muhammad as the messenger of Allah who was sent to perfect morality has set examples in navigating life in the world, especially in social matters. Evidently Rosul SAW has built a civil society in Medina. The examples of the Prophet Muhammad who I adopted in this article are the prohibition of whispering together without regard to the third, the ethics of visiting, greeting, giving the right of road users and giving rights to neighbors. From these various themes, it is expected to be a learning so that in interacting with fellow human beings, a Muslim always prioritizes morality.

Introducing Orphic Theogonies

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-50
Author(s):  
Dwayne A. Meisner
Keyword(s):  
General Introduction ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Scholarship

The first chapter begins with a general introduction to the topic of Orphic legend, ritual, and literature, along with the history of scholarship on Orphism, and the methods to be employed in this book for the study of four Orphic theogonies: Derveni, Eudemian, Hieronyman, and Rhapsodic. In the second section, the Orphic theogonies are placed in the wider context of ancient Near Eastern and Greek theogonic narratives. The third section analyzes the generic distinctions between theogonies and hymns and argues that Orphic theogonies have features of both, suggesting that the term “theogonic hymn” is the best way of describing their generic function. The fourth section argues that Orphic theogonies were a meeting point between the discourses of myth and philosophy. Some fragments of Orphic poetry appear to contain philosophical ideas, while prose philosophers, from the Presocratics to the Neoplatonists, regularly referred to Orphic poems.

scholarly journals Seducing for Truth and Justice: Civil Society Initiatives for the 1965 Mass Violence in Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Lestari Wahyuningroem
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
The World

The article examines both civil society initiatives that seek to address the mass violence of 1965 and 1966 and the state's responses to them. Unlike other political-transition contexts in the world, a transitional justice approach is apparently a formula that state authorities have found difficult to implement nationally for this particular case. The central government has, through its institutions, sporadically responded to some of the calls from civil society groups and has even initiated policy reforms to support such initiatives. Nevertheless, these responses were not sustained and any suggested programmes have always failed to be completed or implemented. Simultaneously, however, NGOs and victims are also voicing their demands at the local level. Many of their initiatives involve not only communities but also local authorities, including in some cases the local governments. In some aspects, these “bottom-up” approaches are more successful than attempts to create change at the national level. Such approaches challenge what Kieran McEvoy refers to as an innate “seductive” quality of transitional justice, but at the same time these approaches do, in fact, aim to “seduce” the state to adopt measures for truth and justice.

Collective Action across Borders: Opportunity Structures, Network Capacities, and Communicative Praxis in the Age of Advanced Globalization

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus S. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Movement Theory ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Informational Networks

This paper analyzes the dynamics of the Zapatista uprising with research tools inspired by recent social movement theory. It finds that the insurgent indigenous peasants of Chiapas rose up in arms under conditions of relative economic and political deprivation at a particularly opportune moment after developing a project of insurgency and acquiring significant organizational strength. Militarily, the Zapatistas would not have been able to hold out long against the overwhelming force of the federal army. But enormous media attention and massive national and international protest prevented the regime from military crackdowns. The Zapatistas' ability to link personal, organizational, and informational networks has helped to gain crucial support. Using globalized means of communication, they were able to disseminate their messages around the world where they touched a chord in the discourse of an incipient global civil society linked by non-governmental organizations, fax machines, and the internet.

scholarly journals Human Being and Lifeworld: From Ontology to Phenomenology

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Leontyev
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Conceptual Connection ◽  
The World ◽  
Human World ◽  
Key Aspects

The paper is focused on one of the key aspects of Fyodor Vasilyuk’s contribution to the elabora¬tion of methodological foundations of psychology, namely, on the construct of lifeworld and ‘lifeworld ontology’ as a metatheoretical framework for the understanding of human life and activity in the world. The paper is subdivided into four sections. The first one gives the justification of Vasilyuk’s approach in terms of ‘lifeworld ontology’, reveals its conceptual connection with the ideas of A.N. Leontiev and S.L. Rubinstein. The second one is dedicated to the concept of lifeworld, its association with specifically human ways of existing in the world, its distinction from the environment and the idea of multiple hu¬man worlds. In the third section, the author reveals, basing on the conceptions of L. Binswanger, E. van Deurtzen and C. Popper, the multidimensional structure of human lifeworld and discusses the mutuality of human-world relationships. In the fourth section. a typology of lifeworlds is offered, based on three core criteria: past/present/future ratio, individual/society relationship, and factual/due/possible ratio as value orientations.

Embodied emotions between constructivism and ontologism: A reflection from the sociology of Alberto Melucci

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-661
Author(s):  
Paola Rebughini ◽  
Adrian Scribano
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
General Overview

This article investigates the issue of embodied emotions in social sciences, in a context characterized by increasing theoretical attention to overcoming the nature/culture dualism, but also by a growing dualism between constructivist and ontological approaches to emotions. We take as pivot of the analysis the way in which this topic has been debated by the Italian sociologist Alberto Melucci. The first section of the article locates the work of Melucci in the current debate on the ‘affective’ and ‘ontological’ turns with their impacts on the conceptualization of body and emotions. The second section focuses on the specificity of Melucci’s constructivist approach in comparison with current combinations of radical constructivism and ontological references at the basis of the ‘affective turn’, and highlights the role that Melucci gives to social movements as collective emotional experiences; the third section historicizes his fieldwork and theoretical approach, while the fourth section analyses how the issue of embodied emotions relates to Melucci’s conceptualization of action and subjectivation. Overall, the aim of this article is not to conduct a thorough cartography of sociological debate on emotions, nor to be a general overview of the sociology of Melucci; rather, it intends to highlight how Melucci’s approach to investigating emotions from collective action can furnish a different perspective on the current affective turn in social sciences.

Getting Religion Right in Civil Wars

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200272199789
Author(s):  
Monica Duffy Toft
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
World Today ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
The World

Surveying civil war in the world today is striking in terms of how often religious cleavages and grievances have become central to armed conflict. How are the causes and outcomes of religious civil wars different than other civil wars, if at all? Is Islam implicated for the contemporary surge in religious civil war? The first section reviews the literature and addresses the importance of religion for civil war. I then introduce a dataset and describe key trends in religious civil war in the third section, while in the fourth section I present tests of whether Muslim or Arab Muslim societies in particular are more prone to religious strife. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the main findings.

scholarly journals DO ACORDO GERAL DE PAZ (1992) ÀS ELEIÇÕES GERAIS EM 1994: O PROCESSO DE PAZ CONDUZIDO EM MOÇAMBIQUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anselmo De Oliveira Rodrigues ◽  
Eduardo Xavier Ferreira Glaser Migon
Keyword(s):  
International System ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

The purpose of this article is to understand the peace process in Mozambique, as well as to identify the main events that occurred in the world, which were reflected in the respective peace process. Therefore, this article is structured this way: initially, the theme is set out, highlighting some relevant geographical and historical characteristics of Mozambique. In the second section the methodology is defined, in the same way that the limits of this investigation are informed. The third section revisits the process of historical evolution that took place in Mozambique between century 8th and the years of 1992, and discussing it in five subperiods. The fourth section analyzes the participation of the UN in Mozambique between 1992 and 1994. And in the last section, the main facts of the international system are verified that positively and negatively reflected in the peace process conducted in Mozambique.

scholarly journals Research on Forestry Recultivation of Sterile Dumps within the Jilţ Basin

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustina Delia CARABIS ◽  
Lavinia PÂRVAN ◽  
I. POPESCU
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Protection Strategy ◽  
Sloping Lands ◽  
The World

Following the surface mining operations, large areas of agricultural land (arable land, meadows, etc.), forests, etc., are lost from the economic business in the county; all these lands, under adequate provisions of law must be reconstructed for agriculture and forestry. The current concept of sustainable development presumes also an environmental protection strategy, designed today and accepted by the countries all over the world to maintain ecological balance at the global, regional and local level. Research carried out on this theme aims to find the most effective forest species to make these areas as quickly as possible to enter the economic circuit. Orientation regarding the afforestation of these areas depends largely on the ecopedologic zone, the material resulting from the exploitation of lignite and, first of all, available investments. The present situation left by the surface mining operations within the Jilţ Basin shows that there are many areas of unproductive land that can not be included in the category of arable land. For this reason, research started aiming at the afforestation of these lands with different forest species. It was also considered the stabilization of sloping lands of these dumps in order to avoid the surprise of landslides in years with abundant precipitation. Large areas of dumps were planted with Robinia pseudacacia, familia Leguminosae in both the Mining Jilţ Basin and the Mining Rovinari Basin, these land areas being well covered by forestry vegetation. But forestry does not mean only Robinia pseudacacia, familia Leguminosae and, for this reason, the species proposed in this paper include a large diversity and provide outstanding economic results.

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