scholarly journals A Importância de Hugo Grócio para o Direito

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Antonia Sofia Mafrica Biazi
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ius Gentium

A IMPORTÂNCIA DE HUGO GRÓCIO PARA O DIREITO  THE IMPORTANCE OF HUGO GROTIUS FOR THE LAW  Chiara Antonia Sofia Mafrica Biazi*  RESUMO: O presente artigo visa estudar a figura do jurista e teólogo holandês Hugo Grócio, considerando a época conturbada em que o mesmo viveu e que acabou influenciando seu pensamento e suas obras de forma marcante. Analisam-se as contribuições do autor no tocante ao direito internacional, à filosofia do direito e à história do direito, levando em conta a importância do jurista como um dos maiores representantes do iusnaturalismo laico e um dos principais autores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento do direito internacional. O artigo debruça-se sobre a obra principal de Grócio, o De iure belli ac pacis, frisando os pontos considerados mais relevantes aptos a testemunhar as inovações trazidas pelo autor no direito. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Hugo Grócio; jusnaturalismo; De iure belli ac pacis. ABSTRACT: The aim of this article is to study Dutch jurist and theologist Hugo Grotius, taking into account the troubled times in which he lived and which ended up influencing his thought and works in a remarkable way. His contributions related to international law, philosophy of law and history of law are analysed, bearing in mind his importance as one of the main representatives of secular natural law and one of the main authors who contributed to the development of international law. The article addresses Grotius main work, namely De iure belli ac pacis, highlighting the most relevant aspects capable of showing the innovations brought by the author into the field of law. KEYWORDS: Hugo Grotius, jusnaturalism; De iure belli ac pacis. SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1 A vida e as obras de Hugo Grócio 2 A obra de iure belli ac pacis 2.1 Contexto histórico da obra. 2.2 A importância de regulamentar a guerra e o direito natural. 2.3 A hipótese impíssima. 3. Sistema de direito e fontes do direito em Grócio. 3.1 Divisão do direito e das fontes do direito. 3.2 Definição do direito. Considerações finais. Referências.* Doutoranda do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Mestre em Direito e Relações Internacionais pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Graduada em Direito pela Università degli Studi di Trento. Membro do grupo de pesquisa em Direito Internacional Ius Gentium, registrado no Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).

Grotius, Dio Chrysostom and the ‘Invention’ of Customary ius gentium

Grotiana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-44
Author(s):  
Francesca Iurlaro
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Main Claim ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Dio Chrysostom ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
Normative Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ius Gentium

This article tackles the issue of whether and how Hugo Grotius conceives of custom as a formal source of the law of nations. The main claim of it is that not only custom plays a fundamental role in Grotius’s thought, but that his reflections mark a fundamental turning point for the history of customary international law. A crucial role in this process of re-conceptualization is played by Grotius’s reading of Dio Chrysostom, whose oration On custom provides him with an integrated account of custom as a ‘normative practice’ based on rhetorical judgment (as opposed to the Scholastic interpretation of custom as reiteration of voluntary acts). Consequently, I argue that Dio Chrysostom’s text helps Grotius to transpose the question of the normative legitimacy of custom from a moral to an interpretative level. To conclude, I will show that Grotius adopts two different rhetorical strategies to prove the existence of customary norms of ius gentium.

The School of Salamanca

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Pagden
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
International Law ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Law Of Nature ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
School Of Salamanca ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ius Gentium ◽  
Francisco De Vitoria

The members of the so-called School of Salamanca (or “Second Scholastic,” as it is sometimes called) were, for the most part, the pupils, and the pupils of the pupils—from Domingo de Soto and Melchor Cano to the great Jesuit metaphysicians Luís de Molina and Francisco Suárez—of Francisco de Vitoria, who held the Prime Chair of Theology at Salamanca between 1526 and his death in 1546. Although they are often described vaguely as “theologians and jurists,” they were all, in fact, theologians. In the early modern world, theology, the “mother of sciences,” was considered to be above all other modes of inquiry, and covered everything that belongs to what today is called jurisprudence, as well as most of moral and political philosophy, and what would later become the human sciences. This article focuses on the Salamanca theologians' discussion of the law of nature—the ius naturae—and of the law of nations (ius gentium), for which reason Vitoria has often been referred to (along with Hugo Grotius) as the “father of international law.”

A Short History of International Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C Neff
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
History Of International Law

This chapter presents a brief history of international law. It proceeds chronologically, beginning with an overview of the ancient world, followed by a more detailed discussion of the great era of natural law in the European Middle Ages. The classical period (1600–1815) witnessed the emergence of a dualistic view of international law, with the law of nature and the law of nations co-existing (more or less amicably). In the nineteenth century—the least-known part of international law—doctrinaire positivism was the prevailing viewpoint, though not the exclusive one. For the inter-war years, developments both inside and outside the League of Nations are considered. The chapter concludes with some historically oriented comments on international law during the post-1945 period.

Hugo Grotius: On the Conquest of Utopia by Systematic Reasoning

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kadelbach
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

This chapter seeks to reconstruct the basic elements of Grotian thinking from his two most famous treatises, De jure praedae and De jure belli ac pacis. Both have different biographical and historical backgrounds and an entirely different history of reception. The first is foremost considered as a memorandum to serve commercial interests, whereas the latter is, with some justification, seen to pursue humanist idealism, the systematic ambition of legal scholarship, and the ordering idea of peace. However, since some of what has been called ‘Grotian’ is not much more than a standard taxonomy of the history of ideas, the chapter deals with adaptations of Grotius’ philosophy in natural law thinking and internationalist reception to assess how much of Grotianism came about in later epochs. The many contradictions in the work of Grotius both inspire and invite us to explore the distinctions between moral imperatives and positive international law.

Pufendorf, Samuel (1632–94)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Moral Science ◽  
Law Of Nature ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
University Professor ◽  
The Law

Pufendorf was the first university professor of the law of nature and nations. His De iure naturae et gentium (On the Law of Nature and Nations) (1672) and De officio hominis et civis iuxta legem naturalem (On the Duty of Man and Citizen according to Natural Law) (1673) greatly influenced the handling of that subject in the eighteenth century. As a result Pufendorf has been recognized as an important figure in the development of the conception of international law as a body of norms commonly agreed to have universal validity by sovereign states. He regarded himself as an exponent of a new moral science founded by Hugo Grotius which transformed the natural law tradition by starting from identifiable traits of human nature rather than ideas about what human beings ought to be.

Hugo Grotius on Ethics and War

1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Forde
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
Moral Ideals ◽  
Law And Ethics ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
The Law

Interest in the thought of Hugo Grotius on international law and ethics is justified inasmuch as he attempted to define a theoretical position between an idealism he thought counterproductive and an amoral realism he found unacceptable. Grotius constructed a system in which the moral authority of natural law was combined with the flexibility of human law. This required him to develop a special understanding of the nature and relation of these two types of law. In giving the law of nations, as a product of human will, the authority to suspend provisions of natural law, he provided for a code of international conduct that could permit injustice where necessary, without abandoning moral ideals altogether.

scholarly journals O Terrorismo e o Uso da Força no Direito Internacional

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Antonia Sofia Mafrica Biazi ◽  
David Fernando Santiago Villena Del Carpio
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
De Se ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Ius Gentium ◽  
Self Defence

O TERRORISMO E O USO DA FORÇA NO DIREITO INTERNACIONAL  TERRORISM AND USE OF FORCE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW   Chiara Antonia Sofia Mafrica Biazi*David Fernando Santiago Villena del Carpio**  RESUMO: O presente artigo aborda a questão do terrorismo sob a perspectiva do direito internacional. Traça um histórico do fenômeno do terrorismo, apontando suas raízes bastante antigas, e se debruça sobre as políticas dos Estados voltadas à segurança após 11/9. Considerado um marco tanto na política quanto no direito internacional, o fenômeno do terrorismo traz à tona diversas discussões, como as que dizem respeito à legalidade do uso da força para combatê-lo. Após analisar as exceções previstas no direito internacional à proibição do uso da força, o artigo aborda a possibilidade de se usar a força em legítima defesa contra entidades não estatais, nomeadamente grupos terroristas, trazendo os debates pertinentes da doutrina. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Terrorismo. Direito Internacional. 11/9. Uso da Força. ABSTRACT: This article tackles the issue of terrorism from the perspective of International law. It sets forth a brief history of the phenomenon of terrorism, by pointing out its ancient roots, and dwells on the security-oriented States´ policies after 9/11. Regarded as a milestone both in politics and International law, the phenomenon of terrorism brings up various debates, such as those relating to the legality of the use of force in order to fight against it. After assessing the exceptions to the prohibition of the use of force which international law foresees, the article tackles the possibility of using force in self-defence against non-state actors, namely terrorist groups, putting forward the relevant theoretical discussions on the subject. KEYWORDS: Terrorism. International Law. 9/11. Use of Force.  SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1 O Terrorismo na História. 2 A Era do Terror: Novas Políticas a Partir do 11/9. 3 Uso da Força no Direito Internacional e Carta da ONU. 3.1 As Exceções: Legítima Defesa Individual e Coletiva e Ações do Conselho de Segurança Conforme Capítulo VII da Carta. 3.2 Controvérsias: Legítima Defesa Preventiva, Preemptiva, Proteção de Nacionais no Exterior. 4 Uso da Força no Combate ao Terrorismo Internacional. Conclusão. Referências._________________________* Doutoranda junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Mestre em Direito e Relações Internacionais pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Membro do Grupo de Pesquisa CNPq Ius Gentium. ** Doutorando junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Mestre em Direito e Relações Internacionais pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC).  

Reading Max Weber's Sociology of Law

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Treiber
Keyword(s):  
Sociology Of Law ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Comprehensive Study

More than a simple guide through a complicated text, this book serves both as an introduction and as a distillation of more than thirty years of reading and reflection on Max Weber's scholarship. It is a solid and comprehensive study of Weber and his main concepts. It also provides commentary in a manner informed both historically and sociologically. Drawing on recent research in the history of law, the book also presents and critiques the process by which the law was rationalized and which Weber divided into four ideal-typical stages of development. It contextualizes Weber's work in the light of current research, setting out to amend misinterpretations and misunderstandings that have prevailed from Weber's original texts. Ultimately, this volume is an important work in its own right and critical for any student of the sociology of law.

Natural Law Republicanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
John Adams ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
The People ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

By any metric, Cicero’s works are some of the most widely read in the history of Western thought. This book suggests that perhaps Cicero’s most lasting and significant contribution to philosophy lies in helping to inspire the development of liberalism. Individual rights, the protection of private property, and political legitimacy based on the consent of the governed are often taken to be among early modern liberalism’s unique innovations and part of its rebellion against classical thought. However, this book demonstrates that Cicero’s thought played a central role in shaping and inspiring the liberal republican project. Cicero argued that liberty for individuals could arise only in a res publica in which the claims of the people to be sovereign were somehow united with a commitment to universal moral law, which limits what the people can rightfully do. Figures such as Hugo Grotius, John Locke, and John Adams sought to work through the tensions in Cicero’s vision, laying the groundwork for a theory of politics in which the freedom of the individual and the people’s collective right to rule were mediated by natural law. This book traces the development of this intellectual tradition from Cicero’s original articulation through the American founding. It concludes by exploring how modern political ideas remain dependent on the conception of just politics first elaborated by Rome’s great philosopher-statesman.

Questions of Guerrilla Warfare in the Law of War

1946 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Trainin
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
Law Of War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Moment

The history of war knows no such brigandage, fanaticism, or such craftiness as the German fascist usurpers practiced from the moment of their attack upon the peoples of other states. The rules and customs relating to the conduct of war, recognized by all civilized peoples, were rejected and trampled under foot by these usurpers. These rules and customs relating to the conduct of war, put together in the course of many centuries, have received the title “the law of war” and constitute an inseparable part of international law.

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