scholarly journals Board evaluation process in Italy: How far is it from the UK standard?

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gaia Soana ◽  
Giuseppe Crisci
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Corporate Governance Codes ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Board Review ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Near Future

Both the UK and the Italian Corporate Governance Codes call for boards to undertake an annual evaluation of their own performance and that of their committees. The study analyses the board review process conducted by the 25 most capitalized Italian listed companies at June 30th, 2016 and the top 25 companies included in the FTSE 100 on the same date in terms of objectives, parties involved, methodological approaches, suggestions to shareholders, board nomination and election. The Italian trends on board evaluation are compared to UK trends, as the UK is particularly advanced with regard to best practices on board self-assessment. Our analysis shows that in 2016 the most capitalized Italian companies seem to have improved their self-assessment compared to the past, in particular with regard to the disclosure of the process, the involvement of independent external consultants and the number of evaluated subjects. However, some aspects require improvement in the near future.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of the board evaluation in European entities: Italy vs UK

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 578-587
Author(s):  
Donatella Busso ◽  
Alain Devalle ◽  
Fabio Rizzato
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Corporate Governance Codes ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
The Uk

Board evaluation is an evaluation of the performance of the board of directors and its committees, as well as their size, composition and operation. The aim of this paper is to investigate how entities do the evaluation of the performance of the board and how they disclose the self-assessment. We analysed the largest forty constituents of both Italy’s FTSE MIB index and the UK’s FTSE 100 index. The results show that although Corporate Governance Codes’ requirements are similar, implementation of these requirements and the related disclosure continue to show significant differences. The UK companies seem to have a stronger “forward-looking” approach compared to Italian companies. Disclosure provided by Italian companies is too often not enough to enable stakeholder understanding of the process and its outcome. This research contributes to the literature by providing results on the evaluation of boards of directors: regulators, practitioners and researchers must deal with this topic in order to strengthen the rules of corporate governance.

Corporate governance codes of Eurasian Economic Union countries: a comparative investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirgul Nizaeva ◽  
Ali Uyar
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Transition Countries ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Oecd Principles ◽  
Corporate Governance Codes ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to comparatively analyze the corporate governance codes of transition economies, particularly five Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) members (i.e. Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia). Specifically, the convergence or divergence of these countries’ corporate governance codes among themselves as well as relative to the best practices of the UK Corporate Governance Code (UK Code) and the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance are investigated. Design/methodology/approach Initially, the existing literature on corporate governance with special focus on transition countries is reviewed. Afterwards, benchmarking the international best practices, based on main chapters and contents, the corporate governance codes of all countries in the sample are analyzed. Findings The paper finds that even though some principles of the corporate governance codes of the countries in the sample differ in some aspects, they do converge to some extent. However, high misalignments between the UK Code and the OECD Principles and the codes of selected countries in some aspects were found. Research limitations/implications The conclusion and implications of the study characterize the corporate governance of selected developing countries; thus, they might not be generalizable to other countries. Practical implications The codes of the countries in the sample should be revised, and more specifications regarding the stakeholder, board structure, its subcommittees, independence, diversity and transparency issues need to be addressed. Originality/value The paper comprehensively analyzes the contents of corporate governance codes of transition countries; from both practical and academic point of view, it was important gap that needed to be fulfilled.

scholarly journals Measurements of spontaneous rates of mutations in the recent past and the near future

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1544) ◽  
pp. 1169-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fyodor A. Kondrashov ◽  
Alexey S. Kondrashov
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Fundamental Parameter ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Related Individuals ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The rate of spontaneous mutation in natural populations is a fundamental parameter for many evolutionary phenomena. Because the rate of mutation is generally low, most of what is currently known about mutation has been obtained through indirect, complex and imprecise methodological approaches. However, in the past few years genome-wide sequencing of closely related individuals has made it possible to estimate the rates of mutation directly at the level of the DNA, avoiding most of the problems associated with using indirect methods. Here, we review the methods used in the past with an emphasis on next generation sequencing, which may soon make the accurate measurement of spontaneous mutation rates a matter of routine.

AI in Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-139
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Exhaustive Study ◽  
Global Economic Growth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Near Future

The past two years have seen a tremendous number of changes in the global AI landscape. There has been a stable balance with the US as the unquestioned leader in the global IT market for nearly the past 20 years and by extension the international AI industry as well, which has evolved from the data science and big data analysis sector to become the engine of the 4th industrial revolution, global economic growth, and social progress that it is today. However, when it comes to AI spending, the US is outgunned by China whose government is investing $150 billion to support its goal to become the undisputed global leader in the AI race by 2030. This chapter will offer a broad overview of the UK AI industry and share insights on its present state, near-future, and what can be done in order to optimise the industry's trajectory over the course of the next several years and to maximise the UK's potential to become a global AI leader by 2020. It is not intended to be an exhaustive study and instead demonstrates the forces at work and possible areas for future research.

scholarly journals Corporate Governance and Risk Management: Lessons (Not) Learnt from the Financial Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Alessandro Gennaro ◽  
Michelle Nietlispach
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Corporate Governance Codes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

The paper aims to understand if and which lessons have been learned since the financial crisis of 2007–2008, highlighting the main deficiencies which still affect the corporate governance and risk management systems more than a decade after. A survey was performed by collecting the answers to 15 questions about corporate governance and risk management practices, given by a representative sample of 200 finance professionals (100 from the USA, 50 from Italy, 50 from the UK). The survey allows saying that corporate governance codes and risk management approach, even though improved and implemented over the past decade, still present problems in terms of principles or application. The results provide insights into how corporate governance issues are addressed and how financial institutions and regulators learn and adapt from a crisis. The paper also gives new perspectives on corporate governance, indicating where regulators need to focus on to rethink the governance mechanisms.

Concepts of Ethnicity and Culture in Andean Archaeology

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Stovel
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Andean Archaeology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Social Entities ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Although Andean archaeology has long used the term “ethnic” to refer to human groups, new understandings of ethnicity have injected less static understandings of contextualized identity construction into our models of the past. A review of recent work on ethnicity in the field reveals, however, that methodological approaches to these social entities do not always follow suit and rather favor normative synchronie comparisons. This paper explores the origins and trends in the study of ethnic groups and ethnicity in Andean archaeology, arguing that we may be seeing the persistence of the culture concept in the guise of ethnicity. It also examines best practices in the literature in order to make recommendations concerning the adoption of local, contextual, and diachronic methods in conjunction with multiple lines of evidence. These practices are more likely to expose the processes of identity construction by rendering explicit the relationships among culture, ethnicity, and the use of emblemic material culture. It argues, thereby, for the provision of proof of this process rather than its assertion.

Another Look at the Great Area-Coverage Controversy of the 1950's

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-363
Author(s):  
Walter Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Point Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
Area Coverage ◽  
The Political ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aerial Navigation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Near Future

In the immediate aftermath of WW2 there sprang up an international argument over the relative merits for aerial navigation of area-coverage radio navaids versus point-source systems. The United States was in favour of point-source whereas the UK proposed area-coverage, systems for which had successfully been demonstrated under very adverse conditions during the war. It rumbled on for many years, not being finally settled until the ICAO Montreal Conference of 1959 decided for point-source. Since then, VOR/DME/ADF/ILS have been the standard aviation radio navaids and there seems little likelihood of any change in the near future, GNSS notwithstanding, if one discounts the phasing-out of ADF. It now seems sufficiently in the past to perhaps allow a dispassionate evaluation of the technical arguments used at the time–the political ones can be left to another place and time.

Dowagers, Debs, Nuns and Babies: The Politics of Nostalgia and the Older Woman in the British Sunday Night Television Serial

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estella Tincknell
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Older Woman ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Popular Television

The extensive commercial success of two well-made popular television drama serials screened in the UK at prime time on Sunday evenings during the winter of 2011–12, Downton Abbey (ITV, 2010–) and Call the Midwife (BBC, 2012–), has appeared to consolidate the recent resurgence of the period drama during the 1990s and 2000s, as well as reassembling something like a mass audience for woman-centred realist narratives at a time when the fracturing and disassembling of such audiences seemed axiomatic. While ostensibly different in content, style and focus, the two programmes share a number of distinctive features, including a range of mature female characters who are sufficiently well drawn and socially diverse as to offer a profoundly pleasurable experience for the female viewer seeking representations of aging femininity that go beyond the sexualised body of the ‘successful ager’. Equally importantly, these two programmes present compelling examples of the ‘conjunctural text’, which appears at a moment of intense political polarisation, marking struggles over consent to a contemporary political position by re-presenting the past. Because both programmes foreground older women as crucial figures in their respective communities, but offer very different versions of the social role and ideological positioning that this entails, the underlying politics of such nostalgia becomes apparent. A critical analysis of these two versions of Britain's past thus highlights the ideological investments involved in period drama and the extent to which this ‘cosy’ genre may legitimate or challenge contemporary political claims.

Understanding Molecular Process and Chemotherapeutics for the Management of Breast Cancer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Neeraj Masand ◽  
Vaishali M. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Molecular Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Molecular Etiology ◽  
Near Future

Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common and highly heterogeneous neoplastic disease comprised of several subtypes with distinct molecular etiology and clinical behaviours. The mortality observed over the past few decades and the failure in eradicating the disease is due to the lack of specific etiology, molecular mechanisms involved in initiation and progression of breast cancer. Understanding of the molecular classes of breast cancer may also lead to new biological insights and eventually to better therapies. The promising therapeutic targets and novel anti-cancer approaches emerging from these molecular targets that could be applied clinically in the near future are being highlighted. In addition, this review discusses some of the details of current molecular classification and available chemotherapeutics

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document