scholarly journals Management of Dysgeusia related to Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
DURGESHWORI MUNANKARMI
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
Positive Results

Introduction: Taste change due to cancer is a notorious side effect, adversely affecting appetite and weight. Even though taste change or dysgeusia is one of the major causes of poor nutritional status in cancer survivors, it is not addressed as a significant problem and is often left untreated. The main purpose of this review is to explore current knowledge of pharmacological and behavioral interventions for the treatment of cancer related taste change. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to identify original articles on taste change. Multiple databases including; Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and all databases via Pro quest were searched for original articles or studies related to taste change caused by cancer or its treatment. Relevant articles were subjected to a full text evaluation and assessed by Critical appraisal skills program (CASP) guidelines and the Effective public health practice project (EPHPP) instrument. Results: The search revealed 12 eligible studies, six of which were randomized controlled trials. Most of the studies used a standardized validated tool to measure taste change. Dysgeusia is common in cancer, 14 to 100% cancer patient report it. Pharmacological management with zinc remains inconclusive as one study reports it as beneficial and two other studies reported null effect. Few studies suggested dietary modifications such as use of sugary, salty foods that are helpful to reduce the effect of dysgeusia. Conclusion: Dietary counseling and informing the patient well about self-care strategies before treatment has consistently shown positive results on taste change, with strong statistical power. Other potential treatments for dysgeusia such as zinc, amifostine, and megestrol acetate gave inconsistent results.

scholarly journals Does immediate loading of a single implant in the healed anterior maxillary ridge improve the aesthetic outcome compared to conventional loading?

BDJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika J Baireddy ◽  
Neil Cook ◽  
Siwei Li ◽  
Fadi Barrak
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Immediate Loading ◽  
Aesthetic Outcome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
Single Implant

Abstract Background Immediate loading is an attractive option for avoiding secondary surgery. However, it is unclear whether it provides a better aesthetic outcome compared to conventional loading with implants placed in healed ridges. Aims To compare the aesthetic outcomes of immediately and conventionally loaded single implants in healed anterior maxillary ridges. Methodology A systematic review using PICO was conducted. EMBASE, MEDLINE and DoSS databases were searched. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for Randomised Controlled Trials and the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool for other study designs were used for quality appraisal. A narrative synthesis was undertaken. Results A total of 622 articles were identified. After screening, a total of five papers were included. Results indicated no statistically significant difference in pink or white aesthetic scores between the immediate and conventional loading groups at 1- and 5-year review and the Papilla Index at the 1-year review. Conclusion Within the limitations of this review, immediate loading of single implants provides a comparable aesthetic outcome to conventional loading in healed ridges of the anterior maxillary.

Procedures and Policies for Regulating Field-Based Behavioral Technology

1982 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Human Service ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Behavioral Technology ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
And Control ◽  
Basic Philosophy ◽  
Behavioral Perspective

Discussions of policy development and regulation within the human service professions usually begin with statements of principle and basic philosophy. These in turn generally focus upon issues of accountability and client rights—indeed, the reconciliation of accountable professional practices with an enlightened view of individual rights would seem to be the ultimate objective of any internal or external body which seeks to regulate the helping professional. This paper specifically addresses efforts which have been made to monitor and control the applications of behavioral technology. It begins with a brief review of accountability from a behavioral perspective. Following this, the viewpoints of writers on the rights of clients who are subject to behavioral interventions are presented. Finally, three state/provincial efforts at creating policy and guidelines are examined from the above perspective. Strengths and shortcomings of the existing regulation machinery, in light of current knowledge, are then highlighted.

scholarly journals Role of microRNAs in Venous Thromboembolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia M. Morelli ◽  
Sigrid K. Brækkan ◽  
John-Bjarne Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gene Expressions

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that execute their function by targeted downregulation of gene expressions. There is growing evidence from epidemiological studies and animal models suggesting that the expression level of miRNAs is dysregulated in venous thromboembolism (VTE). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs as biomarkers for VTE and provide general insight into research exploring the modulation of miRNA activity in animal models of venous thrombosis. Up to now, published studies have yielded inconsistent results on the role of miRNAs as biomarkers for VTE with most of the reports focused on diagnostic research. The limited statistical power of the individual studies, due to the small sample sizes, may substantially contribute to the poor reproducibility among studies. In animal models, over-expression or inhibition of some miRNAs appear to influence venous thrombus formation and resolution. However, there is an important gap in knowledge on the potential role of miRNAs as therapeutic targets in VTE. Future research involving large cohorts should be designed to clarify the clinical usefulness of miRNAs as biomarkers for VTE, and animal model studies should be pursued to unravel the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of VTE and their potential as therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Laboratory Detection of First and Repeat Chlamydia Cases Influenced by Testing Patterns: A Population-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117863611982797
Author(s):  
Laura H Thompson ◽  
Zoann Nugent ◽  
John L Wylie ◽  
Carla Loeppky ◽  
Paul Van Caeseele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Testing Patterns ◽  
Positive Results

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe and explore potential driving factors of trends in reported chlamydia infections over time in Manitoba, Canada. Methods: Surveillance and laboratory testing data from Manitoba Health, Seniors and Active Living were analysed using SAS v9.4. Kaplan-Meier plots of time from the first to second chlamydia infection were constructed, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the risk of second repeat chlamydia infections in males and females. Results: Overall, the number of reported infections found mirrored the number of tests conducted. From 2008 to 2014, the number of first infections found among females decreased as the number of first tests conducted among females also decreased. Between 2008 and 2012, the number of repeat tests among females increased and was accompanied by an increase in the number of repeat positive results from 2009 to 2013. From 2008 to 2016, the number of repeat tests and repeat positive results increased steadily among males. Conclusions: Chlamydia infection rates consistently included a subset composed of repeat infections. The number of cases identified appears to mirror testing volumes, drawing into question incidence calculations that do not include testing volumes. Summary Box: 1) What is the current understanding of this subject? Chlamydia incidence is high in Manitoba, particularly among young women and in northern Manitoba. 2) What does this report add to the literature? This report suggests that incidence calculated using case-based surveillance data alone does not provide an accurate estimate of chlamydia incidence in Manitoba and is heavily influenced by testing patterns. 3) What are the implications for public health practice? In general, improving testing rates in clinical practices as well as through the provision of rapid services in non-clinical venues could result in higher screening and treatment rates. In turn, this could lead to a better understanding of true disease occurrence.

scholarly journals How do we construct and operate experimental streams? An overview of facilities, protocols, and studied questions

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 847 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noémi Menczelesz ◽  
Ildikó Szivák ◽  
Dénes Schmera
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Natural Stream ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Organism Group ◽  
Experimental Stream ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Experimental streams are bounded and partly enclosed lotic units that facilitate the simulation of certain aspects of natural stream ecosystems under controlled conditions. We summarized the current knowledge regarding experimental streams in order to support researchers in designing and undertaking future studies using experimental streams. We observed an increase in the number of such studies since 1975. The geographically uneven distribution of studies suggests that the generalization of findings to global scale may not be straightforward. Our results indicate that macroinvertebrates, fish, and algae are the most frequently studied organisms and that the size of the experimental streams was related to the focal organism group(s) studied. The size of the units decreased over time, while the number of treatments, interpreted as the combination of the levels of factors, increased. These results suggest that biologically complex studies have gradually been replaced by biologically less complex ones. In contrast, the experimental complexity (the number of treatments) and the statistical power (number of replication) increased. Finally, we identified a number of important, but poorly documented pieces of information regarding experimental stream systems and experimental protocols and made recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Inter-Professional Collaboration and Patient Mortality: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Sandesh Pantha ◽  
Martin Jones ◽  
Richard Gray
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Direct Patient Care ◽  
Professional Collaboration ◽  
Evidence Based Care ◽  
Effective Public Health

Inter-professional collaboration is a process in which health professionals from different disciplines work together, sharing their ideas and opinions to plan evidence-based care. Nurses and doctors spend most of their time providing direct patient care. Therefore, effective interprofessional collaboration may be important in ensuring safe and effective patient care. There are no systematic reviews that have evaluated the association between nurse–doctor collaboration and patient outcomes in medical and surgical settings. We will conduct a systematic search of five key databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and the Cochrane register. We will include observational and experimental research that tests the association between levels of inter-professional collaboration and medical and surgical inpatient mortality. Two reviewers will independently conduct title and abstract, full-text screening, and data extraction. The Effective Public Health Practice (EPHPP) tool will be used to determine the quality of the included studies. If sufficient studies are available, we will undertake a meta-analysis. The protocol is registered with the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO-CRD42019133543).

scholarly journals Purinergic Signaling in Endometriosis-Associated Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8512
Author(s):  
Carla Trapero ◽  
Mireia Martín-Satué
Keyword(s):  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Purinergic Signaling ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Nucleotide Receptors ◽  
P2x3 Receptor ◽  
P2x7 Receptors ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Predominant Symptom ◽  
Therapeutic Tools

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disease, with an associated chronic inflammatory component, characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Its predominant symptom is pain, a condition notably altering the quality of life of women with the disease. This review is intended to exhaustively gather current knowledge on purinergic signaling in endometriosis-associated pain. Altered extracellular ATP hydrolysis, due to changes in ectonucleotidase activity, has been reported in endometriosis; the resulting accumulation of ATP in the endometriotic microenvironment points to sustained activation of nucleotide receptors (P2 receptors) capable of generating a persistent pain message. P2X3 receptor, expressed in sensory neurons, mediates nociceptive, neuropathic, and inflammatory pain, and is enrolled in endometriosis-related pain. Pharmacological inhibition of P2X3 receptor is under evaluation as a pain relief treatment for women with endometriosis. The role of other ATP receptors is also discussed here, e.g., P2X4 and P2X7 receptors, which are involved in inflammatory cell–nerve and microglia–nerve crosstalk, and therefore in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Adenosine receptors (P1 receptors), by contrast, mainly play antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory roles. Purinome-targeted drugs, including nucleotide receptors and metabolizing enzymes, are potential non-hormonal therapeutic tools for the pharmacological management of endometriosis-related pain.

Pharmacological Management of Impulsivity and Compulsivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S22-S22
Author(s):  
G. Dom
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Behavioral Addictions ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Treatment As Usual

Increasingly patients present themselves to psychiatrists and other care providers with a specific request for treatment of one or more behavioral addictions. From a pathogenic point of view impulsivity and compulsivity are important drivers of these behavioral disorders, and as such may represent a target of pharmacological and broader neurobiological, e.g. Neuro-stimulation, treatment. Although currently treatment as usual has a focus on psychosocial and cognitive behavioral interventions, interest is growing toward the pharmacological interventions. In the presentation a state of the art will be presented regarding the pharmacological treatment of behavioral addictions, with a focus on Gambling Disorder and Gaming Disorder.Disclosure of interestMember Advisory Board Lundbeck - Belgium.Received funding from Belgian LOTTO for research into Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Gambling Disorder.

Unraveling Human Cleft Lip and Palate Research

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Maternal Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Functional Variant

The focus of this work is to highlight the most recent advances in the understanding of cleft lip and palate occurrence. Information regarding research on long-term outcomes, genes and their interactions with other genes, and gene-environment interactions is compiled to provide the reader with a critical and up-to-date overview on the current knowledge of the etiology of cleft lip and palate. Recent epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that individuals born with clefts have a shorter lifespan and may have a higher incidence of cancer and psychological disorders. IRF6 has been shown to be an important contributor to cleft lip and palate, but the functional variant leading to the defect has not yet been defined. Inactivation of MSX1 and genes in the FGF family has also been shown to lead to cleft lip and palate. In addition, missense mutations in several candidate genes may cause cleft lip and palate, but definitive evidence regarding the biological consequences of these mutations is yet to be unraveled. Maternal cigarette smoking increases the risk of a baby born with clefts, in particular when the mother carries the GSTT1-null variants. The latest approaches in cleft research include the analysis of several additional phenotypical features of the population, with the goal of increasing the statistical power of genetics studies.

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