Role of microRNAs in Venous Thromboembolism

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that execute their function by targeted downregulation of gene expressions. There is growing evidence from epidemiological studies and animal models suggesting that the expression level of miRNAs is dysregulated in venous thromboembolism (VTE). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs as biomarkers for VTE and provide general insight into research exploring the modulation of miRNA activity in animal models of venous thrombosis. Up to now, published studies have yielded inconsistent results on the role of miRNAs as biomarkers for VTE with most of the reports focused on diagnostic research. The limited statistical power of the individual studies, due to the small sample sizes, may substantially contribute to the poor reproducibility among studies. In animal models, over-expression or inhibition of some miRNAs appear to influence venous thrombus formation and resolution. However, there is an important gap in knowledge on the potential role of miRNAs as therapeutic targets in VTE. Future research involving large cohorts should be designed to clarify the clinical usefulness of miRNAs as biomarkers for VTE, and animal model studies should be pursued to unravel the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of VTE and their potential as therapeutic targets.

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Regular Physical Activity and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1673636 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (08) ◽

pp. 765-779 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sigrid Brækkan ◽

John-Bjarne Hansen ◽

Line Evensen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Objective Assessment ◽

Operational Definition ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Health Concern ◽

Future Research ◽

Dependent Manner

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a complex multifactorial disease that represents a growing public health concern. Identification of modifiable risk factors at the population level may provide a measure to reduce the burden of VTE. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the role of physical activity on the risk of VTE and VTE-related complications. We also discuss methodological challenges related to research on physical activity, and put forward plausible mechanisms for an association between physical activity and VTE. Up to now, published studies have reported diverging results on the relationship between physical activity and VTE, and a complex picture has emerged. However, the available evidence appears to be balanced toward a small beneficial effect of physical activity on the risk of incident VTE, but not in a dose-dependent manner. Still, the lack of an operational definition and standardized assessment method for physical activity, as well as several sources of bias, impairs the interpretation of the available literature. Additional work is necessary to understand the role and how to apply physical activity in the VTE setting. Future research should utilize objective assessment strategies of physical activity and physical fitness, account for the fluctuating nature in habitual activity levels, and explore the role of physical activity in the areas of secondary prevention and VTE-related complications.

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Biological underpinnings of breastfeeding challenges: the role of genetics, diet, and environment on lactation physiology

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00495.2015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 311 (2) ◽

pp. E405-E422 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Sooyeon Lee ◽

Shannon L. Kelleher

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Milk Production ◽

Experimental Animal ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Biological Fluid ◽

Future Research ◽

Experimental Animal Models ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

Production Animals

Lactation is a dynamic process that has evolved to produce a complex biological fluid that provides nutritive and nonnutritive factors to the nursing offspring. It has long been assumed that once lactation is successfully initiated, the primary factor regulating milk production is infant demand. Thus, most interventions have focused on improving breastfeeding education and early lactation support. However, in addition to infant demand, increasing evidence from studies conducted in experimental animal models, production animals, and breastfeeding women suggests that a diverse array of maternal factors may also affect milk production and composition. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of the role of maternal genetics and modifiable factors, such as diet and environmental exposures, on reproductive endocrinology, lactation physiology, and the ability to successfully produce milk. To identify factors that may affect lactation in women, we highlight some information gleaned from studies in experimental animal models and production animals. Finally, we highlight the gaps in current knowledge and provide commentary on future research opportunities aimed at improving lactation outcomes in breastfeeding women to improve the health of mothers and their infants.

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Depressive Traits and Theory of Mind in Healthy Individuals: A Mediation Study

10.31237/osf.io/ndjcr ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas James Rowark

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Mind ◽

Executive Functions ◽

Executive Control ◽

Statistical Power ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Small Sample ◽

Future Research ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Prepotent Response

Depression has been associated with poor social cognitive functioning, including impaired performance on measures of theory of mind. However, the association between depression and theory of mind performance has been removed when controlling for differences in executive functioning, which is also impacted by depression. Among these executive functions, inhibition of prepotent response has been demonstrated as enabling success on theory of mind tests. In the context of these findings, the current investigation tested whether a relationship could be found between depressive traits and theory of mind in a non-clinical sample, and whether this relationship was mediated by differences in executive control of inhibition. Theory of mind was assessed in 31 healthy individuals using an audio-presented false-belief reasoning task, which also tested baseline performance in non-mental-state reasoning. Inhibition of prepotent response was assessed with interference measures on a Stroop colour-word task, and depressive traits were self-reported through the second version of the Beck Depression Inventory. Mediation analysis revealed that executive control of inhibition did not significantly mediate an indirect effect of depressive traits on theory of mind. It was interpreted that relationships previously found between major depression, executive and social-cognitive functions do not generalise beyond clinical boundaries. However, these findings are discussed in terms of the small sample size, limiting statistical power, and several methodological limitations. Future research should assess the relationship between depressive traits and theory of mind using alternative measures of mental representation, or include a neurocognitive battery assessing executive functions other than inhibition.

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Social capital in the theory and research of LIS professionals in the light of the literature on the subject. Review of current knowledge

Global Knowledge Memory and Communication ◽

10.1108/gkmc-08-2020-0108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Maja Dorota Wojciechowska

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Future Research ◽

Content Type ◽

Individual Social Capital ◽

Rural Libraries ◽

The Subject ◽

The Moment ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to present the latest scholarly trends in the field of social capital in libraries, to review research concepts published by LIS professionals and to suggest further research possibilities in this area. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a review and critical analysis of literature associated with research on social capital in libraries to highlight its importance for the development of LIS and its impact on the functioning of environments linked with various types of libraries. The goal of literature analysis was to determine the current condition of research on social capital in libraries. The main trends were identified and the need for further qualitative analyses, which are missing at the moment, was confirmed. Findings It was determined that, so far, LIS professionals have focussed mainly on the role of municipal libraries in developing social capital, the problem of building trust, especially in immigrant circles and the impact of libraries on promoting a civil society. Academic libraries, rural libraries, organisational capital in libraries and individual social capital of librarians were a much less frequent subject of research. The role of libraries in developing social capital in educational (primary and secondary education) and professional (non-university professionals) circles is practically non-existent in research, and it will require in-depth studies and analyses in the coming years. Originality/value This paper constitutes a synthetic review of the latest research concepts concerning social capital in libraries. It identifies the most important research trends and areas that so far have not been explored and suggests research methods to help LIS professionals design future research in this area more effectively.

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Impact of perceived organizational support and green transformational leadership on sustainable organizational performance: a SEM approach

Business Process Management Journal ◽

10.1108/bpmj-09-2020-0419 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Manita Kusi ◽

Fuqiang Zhao ◽

Dinesh Sukamani

Keyword(s):

Transformational Leadership ◽

Organizational Performance ◽

Organizational Support ◽

Perceived Organizational Support ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Future Research ◽

Content Type ◽

The Relationship ◽

Staff Level

PurposeThe study aims to scrutinize the concomitant associations between corporate social responsibility (CSR), perceived organizational support (POS), green transformational leadership (GTL) and organizational performance (OP). This paper aims to explore the role of intervening variable to measure the strength on the relationship between CSR and OP.Design/methodology/approachThis research administered a survey through self-administered questionnaire among the staff-level employees of construction companies of Nepal. Fully filled 305 responses from the participants were analyzed using a structural equation model. The study used self-structured questionnaire as research tool and face-to-face meetings as data collection technique.FindingsThe research indicates that POS showed competitive partial mediation relation between CSR and OP. Besides, a novel exploration of the moderation effect of GTL displays a supportive role in harmonizing the CSR with organizational support to achieve better OP. This study enriches empirical evidence to understand the linkage between CSR and POS in staff-level employees in the construction area. Moreover, the research shed a light on GTL 's moderating influence on the mediated model of CSR, POS and OP.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the results of the study add to the current knowledge base, several limitations highlight avenues for future research. Future studies can explore the relationship in other study areas with added evidence on a similar result with different analysis patterns and study sample. The research model studied in the context of Nepal creating evidence as a representation for the developing countries.Originality/valueThe intervening role of POS and GTL gives new insight for the research-based organization based social behavior and performance

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Emerging role of a novel small non-coding regulatory RNA: tRNA-derived small RNA

ExRNA ◽

10.1186/s41544-019-0036-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fangfang Jin ◽

Zhigang Guo

Keyword(s):

Small Rna ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Future Research ◽

Regulatory Rna ◽

Biological Functions ◽

Research Directions ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

Non Coding Rnas

Abstract The discovery of small non-coding RNAs, such as miRNA and piRNA, has dramatically changed our understanding of the role RNA plays in organisms. Recent studies show that a novel small non-coding RNA generated from cleavage of tRNA or pre-tRNA, called tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA), serves as a new regulator of gene expression. tsRNA has been determined participate in regulating some specific physiological and pathological processes. Although knowledge regarding the biological roles of miRNA and piRNA is expanding, whether tsRNAs play similar roles remains poorly understood. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of action and biological functions of tsRNAs in intracellular, extracellular and intergenerational inheritance, and highlight the potential application of tsRNAs in human diseases, and present the current problems and future research directions.

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HYPOXIA AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH: The presence and role of hypoxia in the endometrium

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-20-0268 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 161 (1) ◽

pp. F1-F17

Author(s):

Rocío Martínez-Aguilar ◽

Lucy E Kershaw ◽

Jane J Reavey ◽

Hilary O D Critchley ◽

Jacqueline A Maybin

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽

Future Research ◽

Hypoxic Episode ◽

Optimal Function ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

The Impact ◽

Review Current

The endometrium is a multicellular tissue that is exquisitely responsive to the ovarian hormones. The local mechanisms of endometrial regulation to ensure optimal function are less well characterised. Transient physiological hypoxia has been proposed as a critical regulator of endometrial function. Herein, we review the literature on hypoxia in the non-pregnant endometrium. We discuss the pros and cons of animal models, human laboratory studies and novel in vivo imaging for the study of endometrial hypoxia. These research tools provide mounting evidence of a transient hypoxic episode in the menstrual endometrium and suggest that endometrial hypoxia may be present at the time of implantation. This local hypoxia may modify the inflammatory environment, influence vascular remodelling and modulate endometrial proliferation to optimise endometrial function. Finally, we review current knowledge of the impact of this hypoxia on endometrial pathologies, with a focus on abnormal uterine bleeding. Throughout the manuscript areas for future research are highlighted with the aim of concentrating research efforts to maximise future benefits for women and society.

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Extracellular Chaperones as Novel Biomarkers of Overall Cancer Progression and Efficacy of Anticancer Therapy

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10176009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (17) ◽

pp. 6009

Author(s):

Malgorzata Anna Krawczyk ◽

Agata Pospieszynska ◽

Małgorzata Styczewska ◽

Ewa Bien ◽

Sambor Sawicki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Progression ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Therapeutic Targets ◽

Age Group ◽

Cancer Management ◽

Novel Biomarkers ◽

Immune System Regulation ◽

New Biomarkers ◽

Shock Proteins

Exosomal heat shock proteins (Hsps) are involved in intercellular communication both in physiological and pathological conditions. They play a role in key processes of carcinogenesis including immune system regulation, cell differentiation, vascular homeostasis and metastasis formation. Thus, exosomal Hsps are emerging biomarkers of malignancies and possible therapeutic targets. Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are patients aged 15–39 years. This age group, placed between pediatric and adult oncology, pose a particular challenge for cancer management. New biomarkers of cancer growth and progression as well as prognostic factors are desperately needed in AYAs. In this review, we attempted to summarize the current knowledge on the role of exosomal Hsps in selected solid tumors characteristic for the AYA population and/or associated with poor prognosis in this age group. These included malignant melanoma, brain tumors, and breast, colorectal, thyroid, hepatocellular, lung and gynecological tract carcinomas. The studies on exosomal Hsps in these tumors are limited; however; some have provided promising results. Although further research is needed, there is potential for future clinical applications of exosomal Hsps in AYA cancers, both as novel biomarkers of disease presence, progression or relapse, or as therapeutic targets or tools for drug delivery.

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How do we construct and operate experimental streams? An overview of facilities, protocols, and studied questions

Hydrobiologia ◽

10.1007/s10750-019-04093-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 847 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Noémi Menczelesz ◽

Ildikó Szivák ◽

Dénes Schmera

Keyword(s):

Statistical Power ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Global Scale ◽

Future Research ◽

Future Studies ◽

Natural Stream ◽

Experimental Protocols ◽

Organism Group ◽

Experimental Stream ◽

Over Time

Abstract Experimental streams are bounded and partly enclosed lotic units that facilitate the simulation of certain aspects of natural stream ecosystems under controlled conditions. We summarized the current knowledge regarding experimental streams in order to support researchers in designing and undertaking future studies using experimental streams. We observed an increase in the number of such studies since 1975. The geographically uneven distribution of studies suggests that the generalization of findings to global scale may not be straightforward. Our results indicate that macroinvertebrates, fish, and algae are the most frequently studied organisms and that the size of the experimental streams was related to the focal organism group(s) studied. The size of the units decreased over time, while the number of treatments, interpreted as the combination of the levels of factors, increased. These results suggest that biologically complex studies have gradually been replaced by biologically less complex ones. In contrast, the experimental complexity (the number of treatments) and the statistical power (number of replication) increased. Finally, we identified a number of important, but poorly documented pieces of information regarding experimental stream systems and experimental protocols and made recommendations for future research.

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