scholarly journals Investigate the Crashworthiness of high-velocity bird impact on three different designed model wings by using Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD HASSAM SAEED ◽  
Noaman Muhammad ◽  
Joseph Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Excellent Result ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Damage Analysis ◽  
Bird Strike ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Bird Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reinforced Composite Material

Bird strike is a significant threat to the parts of the flying aircrafts. The wing is a central part, which provides stability to the aircraft. Mostly at wing, bird attack the leading edge. Worldwide aviation regulation FRA, EASA, required 4Ib bird strike on the wing of aircraft, and after this bird strike, aircraft is able to be safely landed. This study aims to investigate the resistance of the wing against the bird strike and damage analysis of the high-velocity bird collision on the model wing, inner structure, spar, and ribs. By using the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) approach in ABAQUS/Explicit. Our contribution 1) bird strike on a wing with assembled inner structure by aluminium and outer skin composed of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite material. 2) bird strike on-wing which is similar with the first test in which the difference is of spar designed layers of horizontal plates like a comb. 3) bird strike on-wing which is similar with second model wing difference in this wing put an aluminium leading edge on the skin leading-edge, final to analyze the damage of bird impact on the wing, the velocity of bird strike is 200m/s and analyze the behavior of the bird at this velocity. Resistance behavior of composite skin After penetration in the wing, analyze the impact on the spar and stress on the inner structure. Analysis of the kinetic and internal energy graph and Comparison all of these results and check the performance, which gives an excellent result at this velocity. based on these results suggest which inner part is sensitive.

scholarly journals Investigate the Crashworthiness of high-velocity bird impact on three different designed model wings by using Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD HASSAM SAEED ◽  
Noaman Muhammad ◽  
Joseph Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Excellent Result ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Damage Analysis ◽  
Bird Strike ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Bird Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reinforced Composite Material

Bird strike is a significant threat to the parts of the flying aircrafts. The wing is a central part, which provides stability to the aircraft. Mostly at wing, bird attack the leading edge. Worldwide aviation regulation FRA, EASA, required 4Ib bird strike on the wing of aircraft, and after this bird strike, aircraft is able to be safely landed. This study aims to investigate the resistance of the wing against the bird strike and damage analysis of the high-velocity bird collision on the model wing, inner structure, spar, and ribs. By using the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) approach in ABAQUS/Explicit. Our contribution 1) bird strike on a wing with assembled inner structure by aluminium and outer skin composed of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite material. 2) bird strike on-wing which is similar with the first test in which the difference is of spar designed layers of horizontal plates like a comb. 3) bird strike on-wing which is similar with second model wing difference in this wing put an aluminium leading edge on the skin leading-edge, final to analyze the damage of bird impact on the wing, the velocity of bird strike is 200m/s and analyze the behavior of the bird at this velocity. Resistance behavior of composite skin After penetration in the wing, analyze the impact on the spar and stress on the inner structure. Analysis of the kinetic and internal energy graph and Comparison all of these results and check the performance, which gives an excellent result at this velocity. based on these results suggest which inner part is sensitive.

Review of current research trends in bird strike and hail impact simulations on wing leading edge

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdobyslaw Jan Goraj ◽  
Kamila Kustron
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Bird Strike ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Statistical Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hail Impact

Purpose Bird strike and hail impact resistances are considered in relation to the fulfilment of airworthiness/crashworthiness regulations as specified by appropriate aviation authorities. Before aircraft are allowed to go into service, these regulations must be fulfilled. This includes the adaption of the wing leading edge (LE) structure to smart diagnostics and an easy repair. This paper aims to focus on the wing LE, although all forward-facing aircraft components are exposed to the impact of foreign object during the flight. The best practices based on credible simulations which may be appropriate means of establishing compliance with European Aviation safety Agency and Federal Aviation Administration regulations regarding bird strikes, together with the problem of collisions with hailstones, are overviewed in aspect of accuracy and computing cost. Design/methodology/approach The best means of evaluating worldwide certification standards so as to be more efficient for all stakeholders by reducing risk and costs (time and money consuming) of certification process are recommended. The very expensive physical tests may be replaced by adequate and credible computer simulations. The adequate credible simulation must be verified and validated. The statistical approaches for modelling the uncertainty are presented in aspect of computing cost. Findings The simulation models have simplifications and assumptions that generate an uncertainty. The uncertainty must be identified in benchmarking tests. Instead of using “in house” physical tests, there are scientific papers available in open literature thanks to the new trend in worldwide publication of the research results. These large databases can be efficiently transform into useful benchmark thanks to data mining and knowledge discovery methods and big data analyses. The physical test data are obtained from tests on the ground-based demonstrator by using high-speed cameras and a structural health monitoring system, and therefore, they should be applied at an early stage of the design process. Originality/value The sources of uncertainty in simulation models are expressed, and the way to their assessment is presented based on statistical approaches. A brief review of the current research shows that it widely uses efficient numerical analysis and computer simulations and is based on finite element methods, mesh structure as well as mesh free particle models. These methods and models are useful to analyse airworthiness requirements for damage tolerance regarding bird-strike and hail impact and haves been subjected to critical review in this paper. Many original papers were considered in this analysis, and some of them have been critically reviewed and commented upon.

scholarly journals Bird-Strike Resistance of Composite Laminates with Different Materials

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadong Zhou ◽  
Youchao Sun ◽  
Tianlin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Bird Strike ◽  
Particle Hydrodynamics ◽  
Bird Impact ◽  
The Impact

To obtain some basic laws for bird-strike resistance of composite materials in aeronautical application, the high-velocity impact behaviors of composite laminates with different materials were studied by numerical methods. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and finite element method (FEM) coupling models were validated from various perspectives, and the numerical results were comparatively investigated. Results show that the different composite materials have relatively little effect on projectile deformations during the bird impact. However, the impact-damage distributions can be significantly different for different composite materials. The strength parameters and fracture energy parameters play different roles in different damage modes. Lastly, modal frequency was tentatively used to explain the damage behavior of the composite laminates, for it can manifest the mass and stiffness characteristics of a dynamic structure. The dynamic properties and strength properties jointly determine the impact-damage resistance of composite laminates under bird strike. Future optimization study can be considered from these two aspects.

scholarly journals High-Velocity Impact Behaviour of Prestressed Composite Plates under Bird Strike Loading

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Heimbs ◽  
Tim Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Bird Strike ◽  
High Velocity Impact ◽  
General Behaviour ◽  
Simulation Accuracy ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Modelling Methodology ◽  
The Impact

An experimental and numerical analysis of the response of laminated composite plates under high-velocity impact loads of soft body gelatine projectiles (artificial birds) is presented. The plates are exposed to tensile and compressive preloads before impact in order to cover realistic loading conditions of representative aeronautic structures under foreign object impact. The modelling methodology for the composite material, delamination interfaces, impact projectile, and preload using the commercial finite element code Abaqus are presented in detail. Finally, the influence of prestress and of different delamination modelling approaches on the impact response is discussed and a comparison to experimental test data is given. Tensile and compressive preloading was found to have an influence on the damage pattern. Although this general behaviour could be predicted well by the simulations, further numerical challenges for improved bird strike simulation accuracy are highlighted.

scholarly journals OpenFOAM Based Approach for the Prediction of the Dam Break with an Obstacle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richmond Sam Quarm
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Vertical Wall ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Dam Break ◽  
Free Surface Elevation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Simulation Time

The phenomenon of the flow impact on a vertical wall resulting from a dam problem is simulated by using OpenFOAM. In this simulation, a dam break was also simulated with the addition of obstacles with various dimensions. The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of the solver for problems in the impact wave category from the experimental results of previous researchers and other numerical solution techniques compared with the results of this solver. Different aspects of flow such as free surface elevation before and after the initial impact have been observed in depth. The method used in this research is numerical computation simulation with the OpenFOAM approach which has the advantage of being more accurate and fast simulation time. The variations in the dimensions of the obstacle in this study were b / h = 0.25, b / h = 0.5 and b / h = 1.0. From the simulation data, it is found that the numerical approach has been validated through quantitative comparisons with experimental measurements. The computational positions of the leading edge of the collapsed water column match the experimental data. The difference between the experiment and this numerical solution is below 2%.

scholarly journals OpenFOAM Based Approach for the Prediction of the Dam Break with an Obstacle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Osman Elamin Busharads
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Vertical Wall ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Dam Break ◽  
Free Surface Elevation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Simulation Time

The phenomenon of the flow impact on a vertical wall resulting from a dam problem is simulated by using OpenFOAM. In this simulation, a dam break was also simulated with the addition of obstacles with various dimensions. The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of the solver for problems in the impact wave category from the experimental results of previous researchers and other numerical solution techniques compared with the results of this solver. Different aspects of flow such as free surface elevation before and after the initial impact have been observed in depth. The method used in this research is numerical computation simulation with the OpenFOAM approach which has the advantage of being more accurate and fast simulation time. The variations in the dimensions of the obstacle in this study were b / h = 0.25, b / h = 0.5 and b / h = 1.0. From the simulation data, it is found that the numerical approach has been validated through quantitative comparisons with experimental measurements. The computational positions of the leading edge of the collapsed water column match the experimental data. The difference between the experiment and this numerical solution is below 2%.

scholarly journals The impact of emotional content on pseudoword recognition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Sulpizio ◽  
Eleonora Pennucci ◽  
Remo Job
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linguistic Process

AbstractThe present study investigates the influence of emotional information on language processing. To this aim, we measured behavioral responses and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) during four Italian lexical decision experiments in which we used emotionally intense and neutral pseudowords—i.e., pseudowords derived from changing one letter in a word (e.g., cammelto, derived from cammello ‘camel’ vs. copezzolo, from capezzolo ‘nipple’)—as stimuli. In Experiment 1 and 2, half of the pseudowords were emotionally intense and half were neutral, and were mixed with neutral words. In Experiment 3, the list composition was manipulated, with ¼ of the pseudowords being derived from emotionally intense words and ¾ derived from neutral words. Experiment 4 was identical to Experiment 1, but ERPs were recorded. Emotionally intense pseudowords were categorized more slowly than neutral pseudowords, with the difference emerging both in the mean and at the leading edge of the response times distribution. Moreover, emotionally intense pseudowords elicited smaller N170 and N400 than neutral pseudowords. These results speak in favor of a fast and multi-level infiltration of the emotional information into the linguistic process of word recognition.

scholarly journals Effect of Impact and Bearing Parameters on Bird Strike with Aero-Engine Fan Blades

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Bin Wu ◽  
Reza Hedayati ◽  
Zhehua Li ◽  
Mahsa Aghajanpour ◽  
Guichang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Model ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bird Strike ◽  
Impact Location ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Particle Hydrodynamics ◽  
Bird Impact ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
The Impact

Bird strikes are one major accident for aircraft engines and can inflict heavy casualties and economic losses. In this study, a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) mallard model has been used to simulate bird impact to rotary aero-engine fan blades. The simulations were performed using the finite element method (FEM) at LS-DYNA. The reliability of the material model and numerical method was verified by comparing the numerical results with Wilberk’s experimental results. The effects of impact and bearing parameters, including bird impact location, bird impact orientation, initial bird velocity, fan rotational speeds, stiffness of the bearing, and the damping of the bearing on the bird impact to aero-engine fan blade are studied and discussed. The results show that both the impact location and bird orientation have significant effects on the bird strike results. Bird impact to blade roots is the most dangerous scenario causing the impact force to reach 390 kN. The most dangerous orientation is the case where the bird’s head is tilted 45° horizontally, which leads to huge fan kinetic energy loss as high as 64.73 kJ. The bird’s initial velocity affects blade deformations. The von Mises stress during the bird strike process can reach 1238 MPa for an initial bird velocity of 225 m/s. The fan’s rotational speed and the bearing stiffness affect the rotor stability significantly. The value of bearing damping has little effect on the bird strike process. This paper gives an idea of how to evaluate the strength of fan blades in the design period.

Simulation Analysis and Material Optimization of an Aircraft Wing Leading Edge When Subjected to an Artificial Bird Strike

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Srinivasan ◽  
Channankaiah ◽  
George P. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Bird Strike ◽  
Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics ◽  
Sph Method ◽  
Material Optimization ◽  
Particle Hydrodynamics ◽  
The Impact

Bird strike resistance is a strict certification requirement in aircraft industries, and the Federal Aviation Regulations specifically gives various specifications to be followed for certification of various parts of the aircraft. The primary objective of this research is to develop a methodology, which can be utilized to certify an aircraft for bird strike using computational methods, and the impact behavior of a 4-lb artificial bird impinging on the wing leading edge is performed using smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The study is focused on the most-frequently used bird configuration in the literatures: namely, cylinder with hemispherical ends. The skin is modeled with an aluminum 2014 alloy, which is prominently used in aircraft industries, and aluminum 8090 alloy. The effects of impact on these materials are studied.

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
I. E. Limonov ◽  
M. V. Nesena
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

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