scholarly journals Cognitive Consequences of Social Isolation During COVID-19: side effects and treatments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Taherizadeh ◽  
shayan rahmani ◽  
Fatemeh Alidadi ◽  
Khadijeh Esmaeilpour
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opioid Drugs ◽  
Poor Cognitive Function ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Drug Interventions ◽  
Staying At Home

Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine and staying at home is advised. The social relationship between people has become deficient, and human social isolation (SI) has become the consequence of this situation. It was shown that SI has made changes in hippocampal neuroplasticity, which will lead to poor cognitive function and behavioral abnormalities. There is a connection between SI, learning, and memory impairments. In addition, anxiety-like behavior and increased aggressive mood in long-term isolation have been revealed during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: Term searches was done in Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and PubMed databases as well as hand searching in key resource journals from 1979–2020. Results: Studies have shown that some drug administrations may positively affect or even prevent social isolation consequences in animal models. These drug treatments have included opioid drugs, anti-depressants, Antioxidants, and herbal medications. In addition to drug interventions, there are non-drug treatments that include an enriched environment, regular exercise, and music. Conclusion: This manuscript aims to review improved cognitive impairments induced by SI during COVID-19.

scholarly journals Social isolation impacts late-life socio-cognitive decline in APP/PS1 mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Rens ◽  
Rudi D’Hooge ◽  
Ann Van der Jeugd
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Isolated

AbstractIn this study the effects of social isolation (SI) were investigated in APP/PS1 mice. It was found that SI during adolescence has an impact on anxiogenic behaviour, such that isolated animals tend to explore a threatening environment less than non-isolated animals as assessed with the EPM test, and that this holds for both AD and non-AD mice. While no evidence was found for any differences in short-term memory as assessed by the Y-maze, long-term memory seemed to be affected in a context-dependent manner. Object memory as assessed with the NOR test was affected in APP/PS1 mice compared to WT mice, but this deficit was not induced or influenced by SI. When it comes to social recognition memory however, we found that SI exacerbated the social memory deficit in AD mice, and even induced a deficit in WTs. Associative fear memory as assessed with the PA test suggested that WTs perform better when group housed, and APP/PS1 mice better when socially isolated. The link between isolation and AD, or cognition in general, may be more complex than initially thought. The effect of isolation may not be the same for AD versus non-AD subjects.

scholarly journals Interventions against Social Isolation of Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Existing Literature and Interventions

Geriatrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Jaya Manjunath ◽  
Nandita Manoj ◽  
Tania Alchalabi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Health Studies

Social isolation is widespread among older adults, especially those confined to living in nursing homes and long-term care facilities. We completed a systematic review evaluating the effectiveness of 20 interventions used to combat social isolation in older adults. A scoring mechanism based on the Joanna Briggs Appraisal Checklist was utilized to determine the quality of the studies. Searches were conducted in “MedLine”, “PubMed”, “PsycINFO” and “Aging and Mental Health”. Studies completed on group and person-centered interventions against social isolation were the highest quality as the social isolation experienced by older adults decreased after the intervention, and this effect continued in follow-up studies. Other interventions such as volunteering-based interventions also alleviated isolation; however, follow-up studies were not completed to determine long-term efficacy. Given the increase in social isolation faced by older persons during the pandemic, our review can be utilized to create effective interventions to reduce social isolation.

Gender Differences in the Social Consequences of Unemployment: How Job Loss Affects the Risk of Becoming Socially Isolated

2020 ◽  
pp. 095001702096790
Author(s):  
Jan Eckhard
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Isolated ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Impact

Using longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, the study examines whether the impact of unemployment on the risk of becoming socially isolated is different for women and men and whether it can be traced back to financial straits. An isolating effect of unemployment is found only with regard to men, to long-term unemployment, and to social isolation in terms of scarce contact to friends and family. There is no such effect with regard to women, to short-time unemployment, and to social isolation in terms of a non-participation in civic associations. It is also found that the isolating impact of unemployment is only to a small extent attributable to the financial situation of the unemployed.

scholarly journals Impact of social support, loneliness & social isolation on sustained physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verity Hailey ◽  
Abi Fisher ◽  
Mark Hamer ◽  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Study ◽  
Physical Activity Behaviour ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Social Support ◽  
Activity Behaviour ◽  
Term Maintenance

AbstractCOVID-19 lockdown introduced substantial barriers to physical activity, providing a unique ‘natural experiment’ to understand the social factors associated with sustained physical activity. Longitudinal data from the COVID-19 Social Study was used to identify a sample of participants who maintained their physical activity despite lockdown. 16% were consistently active while 44% were completely inactive. After adjustment for multiple confounders high social support was associated with a 39% (95% CI, 12-74%) increased odds of sustaining physical activity. Association between physical activity and loneliness and social isolation were not found. This study supports previous research showing the importance of social support for the long-term maintenance of physical activity behaviour but shows that such effects extend to contexts of social restrictions.

scholarly journals Loneliness of seniors in long-term care institutions and COVID-19 restrictions

2022 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Liga Rasnaca ◽  
Mareks Niklass ◽  
Endija Rezgale-Straidoma ◽  
Dace Lina
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Social

The ageing of society is a significant social and economic challenge in the 21st century Europe. The article analyses loneliness and social isolation among seniors in long-term care (LTC) institutions, as well as how COVID-19 restrictions influence their social isolation. Loneliness and social isolation are different phenomena, but they are interconnected. The feeling of loneliness is a person’s psychological state, but it is especially exacerbated among seniors. Loneliness is closely linked to the deficit of social relations. The study employs a mixed methods approach: a survey using the UCLA Loneliness Scale and semi-structured interviews with social workers in LTC institutions during the first wave of COVID-19 in the spring of 2020. A significant number of seniors in LTC experience loneliness or social isolation. The qualitative interviews reveal factors that account for loneliness among seniors. The study also indicates how social workers can reduce seniors’ sense of loneliness and social isolation caused by COVID-19 restrictions. Daily routines and pandemic constraints in LTC institutions to some extent limit the social worker’s ability to address the loneliness of seniors.

Economic Development in 2006 and the Future of the Russian Economy: The Non-Resource-Based Sector Potential (The Economic Report of All-Russia Business Union “Delovaya Rossiya”)

2007 ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
B. Titov ◽  
I. Pilipenko ◽  
A. Danilov-Danilyan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Report ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Investment Capital ◽  
Export Industries ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The report considers how the state economic policy contributes to the national economic development in the midterm perspective. It analyzes main current economic problems of the Russian economy, i.e. low effectiveness of the social system, high dependence on export industries and natural resources, high monopolization and underdeveloped free market, as well as barriers that hinder non-recourse-based business development including high tax burden, skilled labor deficit and lack of investment capital. We propose a social-oriented market economy as the Russian economic model to achieve a sustainable economic growth in the long-term perspective. This model is based on people’s prosperity and therefore expanding domestic demand that stimulates the growth of domestic non-resource-based sector which in turn can accelerate annual GDP growth rates to 10-12%. To realize this model "Delovaya Rossiya" proposes a program that consists of a number of directions and key groups of measures covering priority national projects, tax, fiscal, monetary, innovative-industrial, trade and social policies.

Threatening Conditions and Challenges in the Modern Living of the Old People in Republic of Macedonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Hava Rexhep
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Functional Dependency ◽  
Old People ◽  
Stomach Diseases ◽  
Social Challenge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Build System

The aging is not only a personal but also a social challenge from several aspects, several dimensions; a challenge aiming to build system approaches and solutions with a long term importance. Aims: the main aim of this research is to investigate the conditions and challenges in the modern living of the old people, primarily in terms of the social care. However, this research is concentrated on a big group of the population and their challenges are the most intensive in the modern living. The investigation of the conditions and challenges in the aging are basis and encouragement in realizing the progressive approaches in order to improve the modern living of the old people. The practical aim of the research is a deep investigation and finding important data, analyzing the basic indicators of the conditions, needs and challenges in order to facilitate the old population to get ready for the new life. Methods and techniques: Taking into consideration the complexity of the research problem, the basic methodological approach is performed dominantly by descriptive-analytical method. The basic instrument for getting data in the research is the questionnaire with leading interview for the old people. Results: The research showed that the old people over 70-79 years old in a bigger percentage manifested difficulties primarily related to the functional dependency, respectively 39,33 % of the participants in this category showed concern about some specific functional dependency from the offered categories. The percentage of the stomach diseases with 38,33 % is important, as well as the kidney diseases with 32,83% related to the total population and the category of the old people over 80. Conclusion: The old people very often accept the life as it is, often finding things fulfilled with tolerance and satisfaction. However the health problems of the old people are characterized with a dominant representation. The chronic diseases and the diseases characteristic for the aging are challenge in organizing adequate protection which addresses to taking appropriate regulations, programs and activities.

Heterogeneous Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19: Costs and Benefits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Mental Health Functioning ◽  
Health Functioning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mental Health Costs ◽  
Long Term Impact

In this commentary, I argue that the mental health impact of COVID-19 will show substantial variation across individuals, contexts, and time. Further, one key contributor to this variation will be the proximal and long-term impact of COVID-19 on the social environment. In addition to the mental health costs of the pandemic, it is likely that a subset of people will experience improved social and mental health functioning.

Unmaking and Remaking the World in Long-Term Solitary Confinement

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Lisa Guenther
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Solitary Confinement ◽  
Hunger Strike ◽  
State Prison ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Collective Resistance ◽  
Civil Death

In The Body in Pain, Elaine Scarry analyzes the structure of torture as an unmaking of the world in which the tools that ought to support a person’s embodied capacities are used as weapons to break them down. The Security Housing Unit (SHU) of California’s Pelican Bay State Prison functions as a weaponized architecture of torture in precisely this sense; but in recent years, prisoners in the Pelican Bay Short Corridor have re-purposed this weaponized architecture as a tool for remaking the world through collective resistance. This resistance took the form of a hunger strike in which prisoners exposed themselves to the possibility of biological death in order to contest the social and civil death of solitary confinement. By collectively refusing food, and by articulating the meaning and motivation of this refusal in articles, interviews, artwork, and legal documents, prisoners reclaimed and expanded their perceptual, cognitive, and expressive capacities for world-making, even in a space of systematic torture.

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