Gender Differences in the Social Consequences of Unemployment: How Job Loss Affects the Risk of Becoming Socially Isolated

2020 ◽  
pp. 095001702096790
Author(s):  
Jan Eckhard
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Isolated ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Impact

Using longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, the study examines whether the impact of unemployment on the risk of becoming socially isolated is different for women and men and whether it can be traced back to financial straits. An isolating effect of unemployment is found only with regard to men, to long-term unemployment, and to social isolation in terms of scarce contact to friends and family. There is no such effect with regard to women, to short-time unemployment, and to social isolation in terms of a non-participation in civic associations. It is also found that the isolating impact of unemployment is only to a small extent attributable to the financial situation of the unemployed.

scholarly journals Social isolation impacts late-life socio-cognitive decline in APP/PS1 mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Rens ◽  
Rudi D’Hooge ◽  
Ann Van der Jeugd
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Isolated

AbstractIn this study the effects of social isolation (SI) were investigated in APP/PS1 mice. It was found that SI during adolescence has an impact on anxiogenic behaviour, such that isolated animals tend to explore a threatening environment less than non-isolated animals as assessed with the EPM test, and that this holds for both AD and non-AD mice. While no evidence was found for any differences in short-term memory as assessed by the Y-maze, long-term memory seemed to be affected in a context-dependent manner. Object memory as assessed with the NOR test was affected in APP/PS1 mice compared to WT mice, but this deficit was not induced or influenced by SI. When it comes to social recognition memory however, we found that SI exacerbated the social memory deficit in AD mice, and even induced a deficit in WTs. Associative fear memory as assessed with the PA test suggested that WTs perform better when group housed, and APP/PS1 mice better when socially isolated. The link between isolation and AD, or cognition in general, may be more complex than initially thought. The effect of isolation may not be the same for AD versus non-AD subjects.

Protest on Unemployment: Forms and Opportunities

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Porta
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Political Protest ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Labor Policies ◽  
Political Opportunities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Impact

The "return" of poor people movements encourages reflection on the impact of changes in the social structure, the availability of organizational resources, and political and discursive opportunities for collective action. Based on a quantitative and qualitative claim analysis in six European countries, this article maps unemployment-related protest actions in three areas: (a) long-term unemployment; (b) massive dismissals; and (c) unemployment and labor policies within more general cycles of protest. The article discusses the actors, the forms and claims of the protests, and the social and political opportunities for their development. Protests on unemployment tend to assume some similar forms, each oriented to stress the "absolute injustice" of the position of the unemployed. The framing of the issues of both labor changes and the evolution of the labor market restates the importance of social dynamics for political protest. Unions as well as other social movements and political actors play an important role in the protest against unemployment.

scholarly journals A novel murine model to study the impact of maternal depression and antidepressant treatment on biobehavioral functions in the offspring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Scarborough ◽  
Flavia S. Mueller ◽  
Ulrike Weber-Stadlbauer ◽  
Daniele Mattei ◽  
Lennart Opitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Model System ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Molecular Abnormalities ◽  
Socially Isolated ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAntenatal psychopathology negatively affects obstetric outcomes and exerts long-term consequences on the offspring’s wellbeing and mental health. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these associations remain largely unknown. Here, we present a novel model system in mice that allows for experimental investigations into the effects of antenatal depression-like psychopathology and for evaluating the influence of maternal pharmacological treatments on long-term outcomes in the offspring. This model system in based on rearing nulliparous female mice in social isolation prior to mating, leading to a depressive-like state that is initiated before and continued throughout pregnancy. Using this model, we show that the maternal depressive-like state induced by social isolation can be partially rescued by chronic treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine (FLX). Moreover, we identify numerous and partly sex-dependent behavioral and molecular abnormalities, including increased anxiety-like behavior, cognitive impairments and alterations of the amygdalar transcriptome, in offspring born to socially isolated mothers relative to offspring born to mothers that were maintained in social groups prior to conception. We also found that maternal FLX treatment was effective in preventing some of the behavioral and molecular abnormalities emerging in offspring born to socially isolated mothers. Taken together, our findings suggest that the presence of a depressive-like state during preconception and pregnancy has sex-dependent consequences on brain and behavioral functions in the offspring. At the same time, our study highlights that FLX treatment in dams with a depression-like state can prevent abnormal behavioral development in the offspring.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Inequalities: Individual and Area Socioeconomic Factors (Aragón, Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6607
Author(s):  
Isabel Aguilar-Palacio ◽  
Lina Maldonado ◽  
Sara Malo ◽  
Raquel Sánchez-Recio ◽  
Iván Marcos-Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

It is essential to understand the impact of social inequalities on the risk of COVID-19 infection in order to mitigate the social consequences of the pandemic. With this aim, the objective of our study was to analyze the effect of socioeconomic inequalities, both at the individual and area of residence levels, on the probability of COVID-19 confirmed infection, and its variations across three pandemic waves. We conducted a retrospective cohort study and included data from all individuals tested for COVID-19 during the three waves of the pandemic, from March to December 2020 (357,989 individuals) in Aragón (Spain). We studied the effect of inequalities on the risk of having a COVID-19 confirmed diagnosis after being tested using multilevel analyses with two levels of aggregation: individuals and basic healthcare area of residence (deprivation level and type of zone). Inequalities in the risk of COVID-19 confirmed infection were observed at both the individual and area level. There was a predominance of low-paid employees living in deprived areas. Workers with low salaries, unemployed and people on minimum integration income or who no longer receive the unemployment allowance, had a higher probability of COVID-19 infection than workers with salaries ≥ €18,000 per year. Inequalities were greater in women and in the second wave. The deprivation level of areas of residence influenced the risk of COVID-19 infection, especially in the second wave. It is necessary to develop individual and area coordinated measures by areas in the control, diagnosis and treatment of the epidemic, in order to avoid an increase in the already existing inequalities.

Habituation Theory and Environment-Aging Research: Ennui to Joie De Vivre?

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Norris-Baker ◽  
Rick J. Scheidt
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Robert Kastenbaum posits that functional aging results in the overadaptation to our own routines and expectations, producing “hyperhabituation,” mental stagnation, and novaphobic response orientations. This article examines the promise and implications of this notion for two areas of environment-aging research: psychological control and environmental comprehension. Possible causal and mediating links between control and habituation are considered, as well as the impact of habituation on environmental perception, cognition, and appraisal. Personal and situational characteristics of older people likely to be at risk for habituated responses are suggested. The article also speculates about individually- and environmentally-targeted interventions which might prevent and/or ameliorate tendencies toward hyperhabituated responses among older people who reside in highly ritualized and constant environments such as long-term care institutions. Interventions subject to future evaluations include modifications for the social, physical, and policy milieux and desensitization of novaphobic responses.

scholarly journals The Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation on Psycho-Social Well-Being: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232110018
Author(s):  
Sarah O’Neill ◽  
Christina Pallitto
Keyword(s):  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Female Genital

The health consequences of female genital mutilation (FGM) have been described previously; however, evidence of the social consequences is more intangible. To date, few systematic reviews have addressed the impact of the practice on psycho-social well-being, and there is limited understanding of what these consequences might consist. To complement knowledge on the known health consequences, this article systematically reviewed qualitative evidence of the psycho-social impact of FGM in countries where it is originally practiced (Africa, the Middle East, and Asia) and in countries of the diaspora. Twenty-three qualitative studies describing the psycho-social impact of FGM on women’s lives were selected after screening. This review provides a framework for understanding the less visible ways in which women and girls with FGM experience adverse effects that may affect their sense of identity, their self-esteem, and well-being as well as their participation in society.

scholarly journals Climate Variability and Consequences for Crime, Insurgency in North East Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonaventure N. Nwokeoma ◽  
Amadi Kingsley Chinedu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
North East ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Change Events ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Climate change discussion has primarily focused on the physical manifestation, mitigation, adaptation and finance issues. However, little attention is given to the social consequences of climate change impact especially its relationship to crime in society. Specifically, little or no research has been focused on its impact on crime, especially in developing societies. This study which examined the impact of climate change and its consequences on crime specifically terrorist activities in the Northeast of Nigeria is an effort to fill this research gap. The study adopted a cross-aged design which involves in depth interview of 200 farmers in four selected states of the zone. The outcome is that climate change awareness in the zone is very low. The climate change events identified are rapid desertification, excessive heat and drought. The consequence is that most farmers lost farmlands and agricultural products to these climate change events. Also most of the farmers who are youths were rendered redundant due to the negative impact of these climate events on crops and agriculture. Consequently they engage in alternative activities like menial jobs, while some engage in criminal activities like drug addiction, theft, political thugery, armed robbery, kidnapping and terrorism. They become ready tools for recruitment by Boko-Haram terrorists who are active in the area. It is recommended that massive enlightenment and effective mitigation program should be conducted, youth who are not in school should be convinced to embrace education. Also measures and projects to re-engage the youths back to agriculture should be promoted.

scholarly journals Experimental Research on the Impact of Interface Temperature on the Adhesion Properties of Clay under the Condition of Different Contacting Time

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tao Qiu ◽  
Yonggang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Interface Temperature ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Interfacial Temperature ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Hot Surface ◽  
Shield Machine ◽  
The Impact

Mud cakes are very likely to occur at the shield cutter when the shield machine passes through a clay stratum, which adhere to the cutter and reduce the excavation efficiency. Due to the thrust of the cutter, the mud cakes are compacted and cause friction at the soil-structure interface, which results in high temperature and aggravates the adhesion, and the effect tends to become stronger as the heating process lasts. In this paper, the effects of the interface temperature and the contacting time between the soil and the hot surface on the adhesion properties of the soil were studied by a self-made adhesion test device. According to the findings, at low interfacial temperature (≤40°C), both the adhesion force and the amount of adhered soil were insignificant in a short term, and the effects were found to be strengthened as the contacting time went on; at the high interfacial temperature (≥50°C), very significant soil adhesion occurred at the structure surface within a short time, and as the contacting time increased, the amount of the adhered soil decreased rapidly while the adhesion force kept increasing, and both tended to remain a constant and become independent with the temperature after a long-term contact. This study is of guiding significance for understanding the formation and development of the shield mud cakes during shield construction.

Evaluating the impact on saving of tax-favored retirement plans

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
MONICA PAIELLA ◽  
ANDREA TISENO
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Retirement Plans ◽  
Household Saving ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Reform ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retirement Wealth

AbstractThis paper exploits a recent reform of private pension schemes in Italy to identify the impact on household saving of tax-favored retirement saving plans. The reform was part of the restructuring of the social security system and was aimed at rising private long-term saving by making pension funds more attractive and convenient. We control for unobserved saver heterogeneity and a central focus is on substitution across saving instruments. We find that the pension fund legislation had a strong effect on the allocation of saving and triggered substantial substitution of non-tax-favored non-retirement wealth for tax-favored pension funds. In contrast, we find that it had little, if any effect on household saving flows. Our findings also suggest that the provision of ‘closed’ pension funds might significantly affect the decision to invest in private retirement schemes.

Socio-humanitarian framework for evaluating innovations in the field of artificial intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Raikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Value Orientations ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
The Impact

The paper addresses the issue of identification the social and humanitarian grounds for constructing criteria for assessing the impact of various factors on the development of innovations using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The analysis of basic concepts, standards and criteria for evaluating innovations has been carried out; an analytical review of foreign scientific publications was made. It is shown that modern systems for assessing innovations related to digital technologies and AI place the main emphasis on technological factors in the development of innovations. Social value orientations, including defining the ethical dimensions and social consequences of the malicious use of AI was identified; the analysis of innovation models in the context of quality management and differentiation of semantics of AI models is carried out. As a result, a classification of various types of AI was constructed, taking into account the social and humanitarian grounds for constructing criteria for assessing the impact of various factors on the development of innovations in the field of AI. It allows to increase the reputation potential of companies developing AI systems and AI systems themselves, to counter negative trends in the field of ethics associated with the use of digital technologies and AI.

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