A Subject-Transfer Framework for Obviating Inter- and Intra- Subject Variability in EEG-Based Drowsiness Detection

The effects of dental appliances on speech were studied when subjects wore the appliances, both in quiet and in the presence of an intense noise. A group of 24 normal-speaking subjects read lists of syllables, words, and sentences and spoke spontaneously in each of six appliance and noise conditions. Several acoustic and perceptual measurements were made in each condition. In general, speech deteriorated when appliances were placed and when noise was presented. The type and amount of speech disruption varied as a function of speech task and aspect of speech. There was no evidence that the effects of appliances on speech differed in quiet and noise conditions. Inter-subject variability was large.

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Within-Subject Variability in Ingratiation as a Function of Self-Esteem and Time

Journal of Personnel Psychology ◽

10.1027/1866-5888/a000237 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 216-226

Author(s):

Katharina Schmitte ◽

Bert Schreurs ◽

Mien Segers ◽

I. M. “Jim” Jawahar

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Small Group ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Random Coefficient ◽

Person Perspective ◽

Authority Figure ◽

Subject Variability ◽

Over Time ◽

Within Subject Variability

Abstract. Adopting a within-person perspective, we theorize why ingratiation use directed toward an authority figure increases over time and for whom. We posit that as the appraisal event draws closer, the salience of achieving good evaluations increases, leading to an increasing use of ingratiation. We further propose that the increase will be stronger for individuals with low relative to high self-esteem. Participants were 349 students enrolled in a small-group, tutor-led management course. Data were collected in three bi-weekly waves and analyzed using random coefficient modeling. Results show that ingratiation use increased as time to the evaluation decreased, and low self-esteem students ingratiated more as time progressed. We conclude that ingratiation use varies as a function of contextual and inter-individual differences.

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IOT based Drowsiness Detection System for Road Safety

International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation ◽

10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr2020761 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 7290-7296

Author(s):

Dr. Nithya M.

Keyword(s):

Road Safety ◽

Detection System ◽

Drowsiness Detection

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Driver’s Drowsiness Detection Using Dlib and IOT

International Journal of Sensors Wireless Communications and Control ◽

10.2174/2210327910666201218162536 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Prasanna Lakshmi Kompalli ◽

Padma Vallakati ◽

Ganapathi Raju Nadimpalli ◽

Vinod Mahesh Jain ◽

Samuel Annepogu

Keyword(s):

Aspect Ratio ◽

The Other ◽

Human Intervention ◽

Road Accidents ◽

Online Content ◽

Facial Landmarks ◽

Drowsiness Detection ◽

Rear Part ◽

Cause Of Deaths ◽

Published Paper

Background: Road accidents are major cause of deaths worldwide. This is enormously due to fatigue, drowsiness and microsleep of the drivers. This don’t just risk the life of driver and copassengers but also a great threat to the vehicles and humans moving around that vehicle. Methods: Research, online content and previously published paper related to drowsiness are reviewed. Using the facial landmarks DAT file, the prototype will locate and get the eye coordinates and it will calculate Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR). The EAR indicates whether the driver is drowsy or not based on the result various sensors gets activated such as Alarm generator, LED Indicators, LCD message scroll, message sent to owner and engine gets locked. Results: The prototype is able to locate eyes in the frame and detect whether the person is sleepy or not. Whenever the person is feeling drowsy alarm gets generated in the cabinet on further if the person is feeling drowsy, LED indicators will start glowing, messaging will be scrolling at the rear part of vehicle so that other vehicles and humans gets cautioned and vehicle slows down and engine gets locked. Conclusion: This prototype will help in reduction of road accidents due to human intervention. It is not only helpful to the person who install it in their vehicles but also for the other vehicles and humans moving around it.

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Assessment of the Multi-Location External Workload Profile in the Most Common Movements in Basketball

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21103441 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 3441

Author(s):

Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona ◽

Sebastián Feu ◽

José Pino-Ortega ◽

Sergio J. Ibáñez

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Physical Conditioning ◽

Lumbar Region ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Eta Squared ◽

Subject Variability ◽

Acceleration And Deceleration ◽

Linear Movement

The present study analyzed the multi-location external workload profile in basketball players using a previously validated test battery and compared the demands among anatomical locations. A basketball team comprising 13 semi-professional male players was evaluated in five tests (abilities/skills/tests): (a) aerobic, linear movement, 30-15 IFT; (b) lactic anaerobic, acceleration and deceleration, 16.25 m RSA (c) alactic anaerobic, curvilinear movement, 6.75 m arc (d) elastic, jump, Abalakov test (e) physical-conditioning, small-sided game, 10’ 3 vs.3 10 × 15 m. PlayerLoadRT was evaluated at six anatomical locations simultaneously (interscapular line, lumbar region, knees and ankles) by six WIMU PROTM inertial devices attached to the player using an ad hoc integral suit. Statistical analysis was composed of an ANOVA of repeated measures and partial eta squared effect sizes. Significant differences among anatomical locations were found in all tests with higher values in the location nearer to ground contact (p < 0.01). However, differences between lower limb locations were only found in curvilinear movements, with a higher workload in the outside leg (p < 0.01). Additionally, high between-subject variability was found in team players, especially at lower limb locations. In conclusion, multi-location evaluation in sports movements will make it possible to establish an individual external workload profile and design specific strategies for training and injury prevention programs.

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The generalizability crisis

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x20001685 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-37

Author(s):

Tal Yarkoni

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Statistical Inference ◽

Random Effects ◽

False Positive ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Random Effect ◽

Statistical Procedures ◽

Subject Variability ◽

Replication Crisis

Abstract Most theories and hypotheses in psychology are verbal in nature, yet their evaluation overwhelmingly relies on inferential statistical procedures. The validity of the move from qualitative to quantitative analysis depends on the verbal and statistical expressions of a hypothesis being closely aligned—that is, that the two must refer to roughly the same set of hypothetical observations. Here I argue that many applications of statistical inference in psychology fail to meet this basic condition. Focusing on the most widely used class of model in psychology—the linear mixed model—I explore the consequences of failing to statistically operationalize verbal hypotheses in a way that respects researchers' actual generalization intentions. I demonstrate that whereas the "random effect" formalism is used pervasively in psychology to model inter-subject variability, few researchers accord the same treatment to other variables they clearly intend to generalize over (e.g., stimuli, tasks, or research sites). The under-specification of random effects imposes far stronger constraints on the generalizability of results than most researchers appreciate. Ignoring these constraints can dramatically inflate false positive rates, and often leads researchers to draw sweeping verbal generalizations that lack a meaningful connection to the statistical quantities they are putatively based on. I argue that failure to take the alignment between verbal and statistical expressions seriously lies at the heart of many of psychology's ongoing problems (e.g., the replication crisis), and conclude with a discussion of several potential avenues for improvement.

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Determining the optimal pulse number for theta burst induced change in cortical excitability

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87916-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Daniel M. McCalley ◽

Daniel H. Lench ◽

Jade D. Doolittle ◽

Julia P. Imperatore ◽

Michaela Hoffman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cortical Excitability ◽

Motor Evoked Potentials ◽

Pulse Number ◽

Theta Burst Stimulation ◽

Burst Stimulation ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Subject Variability ◽

Secondary Analyses ◽

Effective Doses ◽

Theta Burst

AbstractTheta-burst stimulation (TBS) is a form of non-invasive neuromodulation which is delivered in an intermittent (iTBS) or continuous (cTBS) manner. Although 600 pulses is the most common dose, the goal of these experiments was to evaluate the effect of higher per-dose pulse numbers on cortical excitability. Sixty individuals were recruited for 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, participants received 600, 1200, 1800, or sham (600) iTBS (4 visits, counterbalanced, left motor cortex, 80% active threshold). In Experiment 2, participants received 600, 1200, 1800, 3600, or sham (600) cTBS (5 visits, counterbalanced). Motor evoked potentials (MEP) were measured in 10-min increments for 60 min. For iTBS, there was a significant interaction between dose and time (F = 3.8296, p = 0.01), driven by iTBS (1200) which decreased excitability for up to 50 min (t = 3.1267, p = 0.001). For cTBS, there was no overall interaction between dose and time (F = 1.1513, p = 0.33). Relative to sham, cTBS (3600) increased excitability for up to 60 min (t = 2.0880, p = 0.04). There were no other significant effects of dose relative to sham in either experiment. Secondary analyses revealed high within and between subject variability. These results suggest that iTBS (1200) and cTBS (3600) are, respectively, the most effective doses for decreasing and increasing cortical excitability.

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